Une nouvelle représentation d’art pariétal dans la Grande grotte de Saint-Front (Domme, Dordogne, France)

Une nouvelle étude a été engagée dans la Grande grotte de Saint-Front depuis 2014, dans le cadre d’un Projet Collectif de Recherche intitulé « Archéologie des sites ornés de Dordogne : cadre conceptuel, potentiels et réalité » (dir. C. Cretin). Considérant les sites ornés comme des témoins archéologiques, ce PCR ainsi que cette étude s’inscrivent dans une dynamique transdisciplinaire visant à associer les témoignages graphiques au matériel archéologique et aux contextes géomorphologique, sédimentologique et paléontologique. Découverte en 1980, la grotte du Mammouth ou Grande grotte de Saint-Front, près de la commune de Domme, a révélé des représentations sculptées originales et de grandes dimensions, notamment deux mammouths (Aujoulat et al. 1978 ; Delluc et al. 1983). Le reste du dispositif orné s’avère en revanche plus fragmentaire. Dans le cadre des prospections et de la nouvelle analyse des parois ornées, une représentation inédite de tête animale a été mise au jour. Nous présentons ici cette découverte ainsi que la façon dont elle s’inscrit dans une cohérence à la fois technique, par la recherche des volumes, et thématique, pour le secteur de la grotte où elle se trouve.A new study was undertaken in the cave of Saint-Front, within the Collectif Research Project entitled « Archéologie des sites ornés de Dordogne : cadre conceptuel, potentiels et réalité » (dir. C. Cretin). Considering decorated sites as archaeological witnesses, this program and this study are part of a transdisciplinary approach aimed at combining graphic evidence with archaeological material and geomorphological,sedimentological and paleontological contexts.Discovered in 1980, the Mammoth cave or “Grande grotte de Saint-Front”, near Domme (Périgord, France), revealed original and massive representations of “bas-relief”, including two Mammoth representations (Aujoulat et al. 1978 ; Delluc et al. 1983). The remaining ornate device is more fragmentary. In the prospections and the new analysis framework of the ornate walls, a new representation of animal head was highlighted. We present here this discovery and the way in which it is inscribed in coherence at the same time technical, by the research of the volumes, and thematic for the sector of the cave where it is

Importance of field data for understanding a potential Mousterian funerary deposit : the case of the Regourdou 1 skeleton (Montignac-sur-Vézère, Dordogne, France)

Aside from the work of Bonifay (see Bonifay et al. 2007 for one of the more recent papers) and various articles following these earlier works (e.g., Binant 1991, Defleur 1993, Maureille et Vandermeersch 2007, Pettitt 2011, see also May 1986 for a more critical analysis), the in situ position of the remains of Regourdou 1 from layer 4 has never actually been discussed on the basis of available data from the salvage operation carried out in October 1957 by E. Bonifay and G. Laplace-Jauretche, under the administrative authority of François Bordes, or from the subsequent, more systematic, excavations directed by E. Bonifay between 1961 and 1964. Via the compilation of available information from a number of unpublished documents (François Bordes’ field notes, drawings made during the salvage operation, photographs taken in 1957, 1961 and 1962, as well as databases from the 1961 to 1964 excavations), and also a new inventory of human remains (both previously known and recently discovered), it is now possible to more accurately reconstruct the position of the human remains in a Cartesian system. In this, we assume that the concentration of remains uncovered during the salvage operation was in square G2, according to the preliminary systematic excavations carried out in 1961. They also bring to light that while practically no anatomical connections can be demonstrated with any certainty – and despite significant disruptions (all of the hominin remains are spread over 9 squares : G1 to G3, F1 to F3, E1 and E2, D2) – they are mainly positioned in squares G2 and G3 to some degree with respect to the anatomical logic of the human body. We therefore assume that Regourdou 1 was lying flat, with its head to the west – perhaps upon its trunk – close to the wall of the cavity. This result is different from the fetal position hypothesis proposed in Bonifay et al. (2007). Moreover many post-depositional (albeit Pleistocene) disturbances are also evident. We believe that they were likely the result of the utilization and modification of the cavity by brown bears and lagomorphs.Only new excavations at the site, and a better taphonomic understanding of Bonifay’s (1964) layer 4 (in which Regourdou 1 was found), and the exact role of humans in its formation, i.e., their anthropic impact on the layer, will allow us to discuss in more detail the nature of the deposition of the body, and, hopefully, the absence of the skull

La Roque-Gageac – La grotte Maldidier

Les opérations de terrain menées depuis 2012 dans la grotte Maldidier, petite cavité qui surplombe la vallée de la Dordogne, ont pour objectif de caractériser dans le temps et l’espace, les occupations par les Hommes et les Carnivores au début du Paléolithique récent. En 2015, les opérations de fouille se sont concentrées sur trois zones de la cavité (entrée, milieu de couloir et fond de la cavité). Le matériel recueilli est composé de nombreux restes de faune, d’industrie lithique, d’élément..

EuReCa ONE—27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the EuReCa ONE study was to determine the incidence, process, and outcome for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) throughout Europe.MethodsThis was an international, prospective, multi-centre one-month study. Patients who suffered an OHCA during October 2014 who were attended and/or treated by an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data were extracted from national, regional or local registries.ResultsData on 10,682 confirmed OHCAs from 248 regions in 27 countries, covering an estimated population of 174 million. In 7146 (66%) cases, CPR was started by a bystander or by the EMS. The incidence of CPR attempts ranged from 19.0 to 104.0 per 100,000 population per year. 1735 had ROSC on arrival at hospital (25.2%), Overall, 662/6414 (10.3%) in all cases with CPR attempted survived for at least 30 days or to hospital discharge.ConclusionThe results of EuReCa ONE highlight that OHCA is still a major public health problem accounting for a substantial number of deaths in Europe.EuReCa ONE very clearly demonstrates marked differences in the processes for data collection and reported outcomes following OHCA all over Europe. Using these data and analyses, different countries, regions, systems, and concepts can benchmark themselves and may learn from each other to further improve survival following one of our major health care events

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points

African Linguistics in Central and Eastern Europe, and in the Nordic Countries

Non peer reviewe

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe