Translating Charles S. Peirce’s Letters: A Creative and Cooperative Experience

In this article we wish to share the work in which the Group of Peirce Studies of the University of Navarra has been involved since 2007: the study of a very interesting part of the extensive correspondence of Charles S. Peirce, specifically, his European letters. Peirce wrote some of these letters over the course of his five trips to Europe (between 1870 and 1883), and wrote others to the many European scientists and intellectuals he communicated with over the course of his life. The translation of those letters has been an excellent practical example of the creative and abductive nature of translation, as well as of the cooperative character of research. Translating Peirce's letters has allowed us a deep study of some theoretical aspects, and at the same time it has permitted us to work creatively and cooperatively to enrich the common vision of this scientist and philosopher

Science as a Communicative Mode of Life

"I do not call the solitary studies of a single man a science. It is only when a group of men, more or less in intercommunication, are aiding and stimulating one another by their understanding of a particular group of studies as outsiders cannot understand them, that call their life a science”. (MS 1334: 12–13, 1905). This beautiful quotation from Charles S. Peirce comes from his “Lecture I to the Adirondack Summer School 1905” and was catalogued as MS 1334 (Robin 1967). In 1986 Kenneth L. Ketner chose fifteen pages (7–22) of the Notebook I of these lectures to represent Peirce’s conception of science in the volume Classical American Philosophy (Stuhr 1987: 46–48). “The Nature of Science” was the appropriate title assigned to that selection, which up to then had been almost unknown to the majority of Peirce scholars. Sara Barrena translated the piece into Spanish in 1996 (Barrena 1996: 1435–1440) and we chose the quotation above as the motto for our then incipient group of Peirce scholars in the Spanish- speaking world because it so finely expressed the aim of our undertaking. Against the traditional image of the philosopher as a solitary thinker near the stove, we wanted, following Peirce, to encourage cooperation and communication between our researchers not only as something useful, but as something essential for the real development of science

The dynamical status of ZwCl 2341.1+0000: a very elongated galaxy structure with a complex radio emission

We study the dynamical status of the galaxy system ZwCl 2341.1+0000, a filamentary multi-Mpc galaxy structure associated with a complex diffuse radio emission. Our analysis is mainly based on new spectroscopic data for 128 galaxies acquired at the TNG telescope. We also use optical data available in the SDSS and X-ray data from the Chandra archive. We select 101 cluster member galaxies and compute the cluster redshift ~0.2693 and the global LOS velocity dispersion ~1000 km/s. Our optical analysis agrees with the presence of at least three, likely four or more, optical subclusters causing the SSE-NNW elongation of the galaxy distribution and a significant velocity gradient in the S-N direction. In particular, we detect an important low-velocity subclump in the southern region, roughly coincident with the brightest peak of the diffuse radio emission but with a clear offset between the optical and radio peaks. We also detect one (or two) optical subcluster(s) at north, in correspondence with the second brightest radio emission, and another one in the central cluster region, where a third diffuse radio source has been recently detected. A more refined analysis involving the study of the 2D galaxy distribution suggests an even more complex structure. As for the X-ray analysis, we confirm the SSE-NNW elongation of the intracluster medium and detect four significant peaks. The X-ray emission is strongly asymmetric and offsetted with respect to the galaxy distribution, thus suggesting a merger caught in the phase of post-core-core passage. Our findings support two possible hypotheses for the nature of the diffuse radio emission of ZwCl 2341.1+0000: a 2 relics+halo scenario or diffuse emission associated with the infall and merging of several galaxy groups during the first phase of the cluster formation.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables; MNRAS in pres

The puzzling merging cluster Abell 1914: new insights from the kinematics of member galaxies

We analyze the dynamical state of Abell 1914, a merging cluster hosting a radio halo, quite unusual for its structure. Our study considers spectroscopic data for 119 galaxies obtained with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. We select 89 cluster members from spatial and velocity distributions. We also use photometry Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope archives. We compute the mean cluster redshift, =0.168, and the velocity dispersion which shows a high value, sigma_v=1210_{-110}^{+125} km/s. From the 2D analysis we find that Abell 1914 has a NE-SW elongated structure with two galaxy clumps, that mostly merge in the plane of the sky. Our best, but very uncertain estimate of the velocity dispersion of the main system is sigma_v~1000 km/s. We estimate a virial mass M_sys=1.4--2.6 10^{15} h_{70}^{-1} Msun for the whole system. We study the merger through a simple two-body model and find that data are consistent with a bound, outgoing substructure observed just after the core crossing. By studying the 2D distribution of the red galaxies, photometrically selected, we show that Abell 1914 is contained in a rich large scale structure, with two close companion galaxy systems, known to be at z~0.17. The system at SW supports the idea that the cluster is accreting groups from a filament aligned in the NE-SW direction, while that at NW suggests a second direction of the accretion NW-SE. We conclude that Abell 1914 well fits among typical clusters with radio halos. We argue that the unusual radio emission is connected to the complex cluster accretion and suggest that Abell 1914 resembles the well-known nearby merging cluster Abell 754 for its particular observed phenomenology.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, 2 table

Internal dynamics of the galaxy cluster Abell 959

The connection of cluster mergers with the presence of extended, diffuse radio sources in galaxy clusters is still being debated. In this paper we aim to obtain new insights into the internal dynamics of Abell 959, showing evidence of a diffuse radio source, analyzing velocities and positions of member galaxies. Our analysis is based on redshift data for 107 galaxies in the cluster field acquired at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. We also use photometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (Data Release 6). We combine galaxy velocities and positions to select 81 galaxies recognized as cluster members and determine global dynamical properties. We analyze the cluster searching for substructures by using several statistical methods. We also study the 2D galaxy distribution in the field of the cluster. We compare our results with those from X-ray and gravitational lensing analyses. We estimate a cluster redshift of z=0.2883 +/- 0.0004. We detect an NE high velocity group at 5' from the cluster center with a relative line--of--sight (LOS) velocity of ~ +1900 km/s with respect to the main system. We also detect a central, dense structure elongated along the SE--NW direction likely connected with the two dominant galaxies and their surrounding cores. This elongated central structure is probably the trace of an old cluster merger. The LOS velocity dispersion of galaxies is very high (1025 (-75/+104) km/s). The virial mass is M(<R=1.48 Mpc)= 1.15 (-0.19/+0.25) Msun. Our results suggest that this cluster is forming along two main directions of mass accretion and show the typical characteristics of radio clusters; i.e., it is very massive and shows a young dynamical state. However, deeper radio observations are needed to clarify the nature of the diffuse radio emission in Abell 959.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication on Astronomy and Astrophysic

Huge linear magnetoresistance due to open orbits in γ\gamma-PtBi2_2

Some single-crystalline materials present an electrical resistivity which decreases between room temperature and low temperatures at zero magnetic field as in a good metal and switches to a nearly semiconductinglike behavior at low temperatures with the application of a magnetic field. Often, this is accompanied by a huge and nonsaturating linear magnetoresistance which remains difficult to explain. Here we present a systematic study of the magnetoresistance in single-crystal $\gamma$-PtBi$_2$. We observe that the angle between the magnetic field and the crystalline $c$ axis fundamentally changes the magnetoresistance, going from a saturating to a nonsaturating magnetic field dependence. In between, there is one specific angle where the magnetoresistance is perfectly linear with the magnetic field. We show that the linear dependence of the nonsaturating magnetoresistance is due to the formation of open orbits in the Fermi surface of $\gamma$-PtBi$_2$.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures including Supplementary Materia

Abstraction and Product Categories as Explanatory Variables for Food Consumption

An understanding of the process by which consumers match consumption choices to personal values is powerful aid to guide strategic market orientation. It is of particular importance in the highly saturated food markets of developed countries, where consumer needs are shifting closer and closer towards the search for quality and emotional benefits. This study sets out to explore variation in the consumer choice structure in relation to three products with different levels of search, experience and credence attributes, using means-end chain theory. The results suggest the presence of an emotional component in foods that increases in complexity (becomes more abstract) with the number of credence attributes associated with the product; a fact worthy of the consideration of product managers when designing marketing strategies.quality, the information economy, search, experience and credence goods, means-end chain, laddering, abstraction, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

New genus, three new species and new records of Herpyllobiidae Hansen, 1892 (Crustacea, Copepoda) parasites of polychaetes from Antarctica

During the Antarctic Polarstern cruises ANT XIX/3 (ANDEEP-I), XIX/5 (LAMPOS), and XXI/2 (BENDEX) new material of symbiotic copepods associated with polynoid polychaetes was collected. Here the authors present results for the highly modified family Herpyllobiidae Hansen, 1892. New records of Herpyllobius antarcticus Vanhöffen, 1913 and Herpyllobius polarsterni López-González, Bresciani and Conradi, 2000 are provided from the eastern Weddell Sea and Bouvet Island respectively. A new species of the genus Eurysilenium Sars, 1870, E. australis, is described from specimens collected at the eastern Weddell Sea. A new genus, Gottoniella gen. nov., is proposed to include two species, G. antarctica sp. nov. and G. andeepi sp. nov., described from material collected from the Weddell Sea and Scotia Arc