Convergence of population processes with small and frequent mutations to the canonical equation of adaptive dynamics

International audienceIn this article, a stochastic individual-based model describing Darwinian evolution of asexual, phenotypic trait-structured population, is studied. We consider a large population with constant population size characterised by a resampling rate modeling competition pressure driving selection and a mutation rate where mutations occur during life. In this model, the population state at fixed time is given as a measure on the space of phenotypes and the evolution of the population is described by a continuous time, measure-valued Markov process. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the system, where mutations are frequent, in the double simultaneous limit of large population (K → +∞) and small mutational effects (σK → 0) proving convergence to an ODE known as the canonical equation of adaptive dynamics. This result holds only for a certain range of σK parameters (as a function of K) which must be small enough but not too small either. The canonical equation describes the evolution in time of the dominant trait in the population driven by a fitness gradient. This result is based on an slow-fast asymptotic analysis. We use an averaging method, inspired by (Kurtz, 1992), which exploits a martingale approach and compactness-uniqueness arguments. The contribution of the fast component, which converges to the centered Fleming-Viot process, is obtained by averaging according to its invariant measure, recently characterised in (Champagnat-Hass, 2022)

Silver-Tungsten induced codeposition: Influence of pH and carboxylic acid form in a DMH-based electrolyte

International audienceSilver-tungsten coatings were successfully electrodeposited on platinum and copper substrates from a non-toxic 5.5-dimethylhydantoin electrolyte at low pH and two different carboxylic acid forms: citrate or tartrate. Tungsten contents remain at low levels compared to former works, but close to the values considered as optimal for functional properties without having to recourse to controversial substances such as thiourea. Electrochemical studies by linear sweep voltammetry allow to distinguish two typical behaviors and give interesting insight into the induced codeposition mechanism. Silver-tungsten codeposition only occurred at pH 2.0 and 3.5 using citrates and at pH 2.0 using tartrates, corresponding to the forms H3Cit, H2Cit-2, and H2Tar, respectively. No silver-tungsten reduction was possible with less than two protonated carboxyl groups on either tartrate or citrate ions. Separate silver and tungsten lattice are both present in the resulting alloy. Grain and crystallite sizes were observed by SEM. XPS investigations show that for our low W content alloys, silver is found to be metallic whereas tungsten is present in oxide form. The carbon peaks and also gaps between peaks when N is absent indicate that citrates are present in the coating, unlike DMH

Wildlife ecotoxicology of plant protection products: knowns and unknowns about the impacts of currently used pesticides on terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity

International audienceAgricultural practices are a major cause of the current loss of biodiversity. Among postwar agricultural intensification practices, the use of plant protection products (PPPs) might be one of the prominent drivers of the loss of wildlife diversity in agroecosystems. A collective scientific assessment was performed upon the request of the French Ministries responsible for the Environment, for Agriculture and for Research to review the impacts of PPPs on biodiversity and ecosystem services based on the scientific literature. While the effects of legacy banned PPPs on ecosystems and the underlying mechanisms are well documented, the impacts of current use pesticides (CUPs) on biodiversity have rarely been reviewed. Here, we provide an overview of the available knowledge related to the impacts of PPPs, including biopesticides, on terrestrial vertebrates (i.e. herptiles, birds including raptors, bats and small and large mammals). We focused essentially on CUPs and on endpoints at the subindividual, individual, population and community levels, which ultimately linked with effects on biodiversity. We address both direct toxic effects and indirect effects related to ecological processes and review the existing knowledge about wildlife exposure to PPPs. The effects of PPPs on ecological functions and ecosystem services are discussed, as are the aggravating or mitigating factors. Finally, a synthesis of knowns and unknowns is provided, and we identify priorities to fill gaps in knowledge and perspectives for research and wildlife conservation

French Society for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology (AFPBN) guidelines for the management of patients with partially responsive depression and treatment-resistant depression: Update 2024

International audienceIntroduction: The purpose of this update is to add newly approved nomenclatures and treatments as well as treatments yet to be approved in major depressive disorder, thus expanding the discussions on the integration of resistance factors into the clinical approach.Methods: Unlike the first consensus guidelines based on the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, the French Association for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology (AFPBN) developed an update of these guidelines for the management of partially responsive depression (PRD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The expert guidelines combine scientific evidence and expert clinicians' opinions to produce recommendations for PRD and TRD.Results: The recommendations addressed three areas judged as essential for updating the previous 2019 AFPBN guidelines for the management of patients with TRD: (1) the identification of risk factors associated with TRD, (2) the therapeutic management of patients with PRD and TRD, and (3) the indications, the modalities of use and the monitoring of recent glutamate receptor modulating agents (esketamine and ketamine).Conclusion: These consensus-based guidelines make it possible to build bridges between the available empirical literature and clinical practice, with a highlight on the 'real world' of the clinical practice, supported by a pragmatic approach centred on the experience of specialised prescribers in TRD

The Groupe d'Etude sur les Affections Inflammatoires Digestives (GETAID): 40 Years of a Family Story in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

International audienceThe Groupe d'Etude sur les Affections Inflammatoires Digestives (GETAID) was founded in Paris in 1983 by Professor R Modigliani and colleagues. From the beginning, the aim of this international (France, Belgium and Switzerland), multicentre, French-speaking group was to address clinical questions raised by patients or physicians in their daily practice or the inflammatory bowel diseases community, by focusing on clinical research on treatments through randomised controlled trials, prospective cohorts and cross-sectional studies, quantifying the severity of various facets of the disease when necessary for these studies. This approach very innovative has contributed to the advancement of knowledge in inflammatory bowel diseases by publishing more than 120 original articles in peer-reviewed journals throughout the GETAID 40-year history, most of them in top publications in gastroenterology and hepatology journals. In this paper, we will see what GETAID's contribution has been over the last four decades, review reasons for success and forthcoming challenge

APROPIACIÓN DE UNAS HERRAMIENTAS NUMÉRICAS PARA DISEÑAR CLASES DIGITALIZADAS: LAS HUMANIDADES DIGITALES AL SERVICIO DE LA ENSEÑANZA DEL ESPAÑOL/LENGUA EXTRANJERA

International audienceIn a constantly evolving educational context, the digitisation of the classroom has become a necessity to streamline teaching and enhance the learning experience. This conference aims to explore how digital tools can be integrated into the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language. Through a historical overview of the evolution of digital education, the benefits of digitalisation in the classroom will be analysed and four key tools for the creation of interactive activities will be presented. In addition, the use of Wordwall will be demonstrated and the potential of artificial intelligence in teaching and assessing learning will be explored. This session is designed for teachers looking to innovate their pedagogical practices through the use of accessible and effective technologies.En un contexto educativo en constante evolución, la digitalización de las clases se ha convertido en una necesidad para dinamizar la enseñanza y mejorar la experiencia de aprendizaje. Esta conferencia magistral tiene como objetivo explorar cómo las herramientas digitales pueden integrarse en la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera. A través de un recorrido histórico sobre la evolución de la educación digital, se analizarán los beneficios de la digitalización en el aula y se presentarán cuatro herramientas clave para la creación de actividades interactivas. Además, se demostrará el uso de Wordwall y se explorará el potencial de la inteligencia artificial en la enseñanza y evaluación del aprendizaje. Esta sesión está diseñada para docentes que buscan innovar en sus prácticas pedagógicas mediante el uso de tecnologías accesibles y eficaces

Long‐term bowel function following delayed coloanal anastomosis: Analysis of a multicentric cohort study (GRECCAR)

International audienceAim Alteration of bowel function after delayed coloanal anastomosis (DCAA) might be a limitation to its utilization. Our aim was to assess the long‐term bowel function of DCAA in a large multicentric cohort. Method All patients who underwent DCAA interventions at 29 GRECCAR‐affiliated hospitals between 2010 and 2021 were retrospectively included. Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score or confection of a stoma due to poor bowel function was assessed in eligible patients. Good bowel function was defined by the preservation of bowel continuity with no LARS or a minor LARS. Results Among the 385 eligible patients to assess long‐term bowel continuity, 63% ( n = 243) responded to the questionnaire or had a definitive stoma because of poor bowel function. After a median follow‐up of 32 months, good bowel function was reported by 60% ( n = 146) of patients (with no LARS 36% and minor LARS 24%), whereas 40% of patients ( n = 146) had a poor bowel function including major LARS (36%) and definitive stoma due to poor bowel function (4%). No variables tested were predictive of a poor bowel function after DCAA, including a history of pelvic radiotherapy ( P = 0.722), salvage DCAA after failure of a previous anastomosis ( P = 0.755), presence of a diverting stoma ( P = 0.556), occurrence of an anastomotic leakage ( P = 0.416) and time interval from the DCAA to the bowel function assessment ( P = 0.350). Conclusions No LARS or minor LARS was reached for 60% of patients after DCAA. Less than 5% of patients received a definitive stoma due to a poor bowel function

Espaces d'intimité et de liberté dans les Nove/as amorosas y ejemplares de Maria de Zayas

International audienceCe travail étudie les notions d’intimité et de liberté dans Novelas amorosas y ejemplares de María de Zayas, en s’intéressant aux espaces où l’intime peut s’exprimer. Il analyse le rôle du récit-cadre et du salon de Lisis comme lieux de confidence et d’interaction sociale. L’auteur distingue différents statuts féminins – jeunes filles sous tutelle, femmes mariées et veuves – et examine leur accès aux espaces privés. Il met en évidence les contrastes entre le cadre domestique, le couvent et des lieux plus ambigus comme les maisons de veuves, où les relations évoluent plus librement. L’étude souligne également l’influence des conventions sociales sur la représentation des relations et des échanges intimes dans ces nouvelles

Indirect effect of childhood maltreatment through insecure attachment on Food and Alcohol Disturbance in university students

Food and Alcohol Disturbance (FAD) is characterized by a functional relationship between disordered eating behaviors and problematic alcohol use, which may serve to offset calories consumed from alcohol and/or increase alcohol intoxication. Childhood adversity has been found to be associated with FAD, but its potential impacts on attachment profiles and FAD behaviors have never been examined. The present study investigates the association between childhood maltreatment and attachment in relation to FAD behaviors in students, testing a model in which insecure attachment mediates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and FAD. University students (N=629) participated in the study, completing questionnaires on FAD, childhood maltreatment history, and adult attachment. Structural equation modeling was used to test the mediated effect of childhood maltreatment through attachment on FAD behaviors in students. Insecure attachment and childhood maltreatment were related; however, only insecure attachment had a direct effect on FAD behaviors. A history of childhood maltreatment was indirectly related to FAD, mediated by insecure attachment. Attachment insecurity, particularly preoccupied and fearful patterns, had a direct effect on FAD behaviors in university students and mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and FAD. These findings may explain how early experiences of child maltreatment (especially sexual, physical, and emotional abuse) can affect attachment style, and later, in adulthood, influence FAD behaviors in students. Clinicians should adapt treatment and preventions strategies to help patients transition from insecure attachment to a more secure pattern and regulate their negative emotions

Copula methods for modeling pair densities in density functional theory

We propose a new approach towards approximating the density-to-pair-density map based on copula theory from statistics. We extend the copula theory to multi-dimensional marginals, and deduce that one can describe any (exact or approximate) pair density by the single-particle density and a copula. We present analytical formulas for the exact copula in scaling limits, numerically compute the copula for dissociating systems with two to four particles in one dimension, and propose accurate approximations of the copula between equilibrium and dissociation for two-particle systems