Dynamic Geometry in Primary School

International audienc

Promote Competency-Based Training Approach in Quality, Regulatory and Clinical Affairs to Improve MD/IVDD Safety and Performance

International audienceThe aim of this paper is to analyze the training needs introduced by the implementation of the European regulations on medical devices (MDR) and in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVDR), and to analyze the appropriateness of a competency-based training approach. Finally, a number of ideas are put forward concerning certain topics to be addressed in a Europe-wide approach

How does dispersal shape the genetic patterns of animal populations in European cities? A simulation approach

International audienceContext and objectives: Although urbanization is a major driver of biodiversity erosion, it does not affect all species equally. The neutral genetic structure of populations in a given species is affected by both genetic drift and gene flow processes. In cities, the size of animal populations determines drift and can depend on multiple processes whereas gene flow essentially depends on the ability of species to disperse across urban areas. Considering this, we tested whether variations in dispersal constraints alone could explain the variability of neutral genetic patterns commonly observed in urban areas. Besides, we assessed how the spatial distribution of urban green spaces (UGS) and peri-urban forests acts on these patterns.Methods: We simulated multi-generational genetic processes in virtual populations of animal species occupying either UGS or forest areas (both considered as a virtual species habitat) within and around 325 European cities. We used three dispersal cost scenarios determining the ability of species to cross the least favorable land cover types, while maintaining population sizes constant among scenarios. We then assessed genetic diversity and genetic differentiation patterns for each city and each habitat type across the three cost scenarios.Results: Overall, as dispersal across the least favorable land cover types was more constrained, genetic diversity decreased and genetic differentiation increased. Across scenarios, the scale and strength of the relationship between genetic differentiation and dispersal cost-distances varied substantially, alike previously observed empirical genetic patterns. Forest areas contributed more to habitat connectivity than UGS, due to their larger area and mostly peri-urban location. Hence, population-level genetic diversity was higher in forests than in UGS and genetic differentiation was higher between UGS populations than between forest populations. However, interface habitat patches allowing individuals to move between different habitat types seemed to locally buffer these contrasts by promoting gene flow.Discussion and conclusion: Our results showed that variations in spatial patterns of dispersal, and thus gene flow, could explain the variability of empirically observed genetic patterns in urban contexts. Besides, the largest habitat areas and biodiversity sources are likely to be found in areas surrounding city centers. This should encourage urban planners to pay attention to the areas promoting dispersal movements between urban habitats (e.g., UGS) and peri-urban habitats (e.g.. forests), rather than among urban habitats, when managing urban biodiversity

Chronique d’une mutation paysagère majeure : le cas des alignements d’arbres le long des canaux de navigationdu sud de la France.

International audienc

La liberté académique de A à Z

International audienceLa liberté académique ou liberté universitaire est la liberté que le personnel universitaire doit avoir en matière de recherche scientifique, d’enseignement et d’expression dans le cadre de leur fonction, sans subir de pressions économiques, politiques ou autres. Elle est consubstantielle à toute notion d’université définie comme le lieu d’échange libre des idées destiné à développer, chez les étudiants, la liberté de pensée.La liberté académique et les menaces auxquelles elle fait face renvoient à des notions parfois obscures et mal ou peu définies. Ce flou justifie qu’un lexique lui soit consacré afin de permettre au lecteur d’appréhender au mieux un concept central pour l’université et, partant, pour la démocratie libérale

Reduction of self-heating effects in GaN HEMT via h-BN passivation and lift-off transfer to diamond substrate: A simulation study

International audienc

φ-FEM-FNO: a new approach to train a Neural Operator as a fast PDE solver for variable geometries

In this paper, we propose a way to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by combining machine learning techniques and a new finite element method called φ-FEM. For that, we use the Fourier Neural Operator (FNO), a learning mapping operator. The purpose of this paper is to provide numerical evidence to show the effectiveness of this technique. We will focus here on the resolution of the Poisson equation with non-homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. The key idea of our method is to address the challenging scenario of varying domains, where each problem is solved on a different geometry. The considered domains are defined by level-set functions due to the use of the φ-FEM approach. We will first recall the idea of φ-FEM and of the Fourier Neural Operator. Then, we will explain how to combine these two methods. We will finally illustrate the efficiency of this combination with some numerical results on two test cases, showing in particular that our method is faster than learning-based and finite element solvers for a fixed accuracy

French Society for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology (AFPBN) guidelines for the management of patients with partially responsive depression and treatment-resistant depression: Update 2024

International audienceIntroduction: The purpose of this update is to add newly approved nomenclatures and treatments as well as treatments yet to be approved in major depressive disorder, thus expanding the discussions on the integration of resistance factors into the clinical approach.Methods: Unlike the first consensus guidelines based on the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, the French Association for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology (AFPBN) developed an update of these guidelines for the management of partially responsive depression (PRD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The expert guidelines combine scientific evidence and expert clinicians' opinions to produce recommendations for PRD and TRD.Results: The recommendations addressed three areas judged as essential for updating the previous 2019 AFPBN guidelines for the management of patients with TRD: (1) the identification of risk factors associated with TRD, (2) the therapeutic management of patients with PRD and TRD, and (3) the indications, the modalities of use and the monitoring of recent glutamate receptor modulating agents (esketamine and ketamine).Conclusion: These consensus-based guidelines make it possible to build bridges between the available empirical literature and clinical practice, with a highlight on the 'real world' of the clinical practice, supported by a pragmatic approach centred on the experience of specialised prescribers in TRD

Impact des cultures longues dans la prise en charge des infections ostéo-articulaires du pied diabétique

Introduction : la documentation bactériologique des infections ostéo-articulaires du pied diabétique par prélèvements bactériologiques constitue un challenge diagnostique. La réception des cultures courtes à 72h (J3) oriente l’introduction ou la modification de l’antibiothérapie probabiliste tout comme les cultures longues en bouillon Schaedler, rendues avant le 1er Janvier 2019 à 10 jours (J10) et désormais à 17 jours (J17) suite aux recommandations internationales sur les infections ostéo-articulaires sur matériel. Cette étude s’est intéressée aux résultats des cultures longues avant et après la prolongation de la durée de mise en culture. Matériels et méthodes : il s’agit d’une étude observationnelle rétrospective monocentrique de 321 patients hospitalisés (1743 prélèvements) dans le service de diabétologie du CHU de Besançon entre novembre 2015 et avril 2022 pour réalisation de prélèvements bactériologiques osseux et de parties molles dans le cadre d’une suspicion d’infection ostéo-articulaire du pied diabétique. L’objectif principal était de déterminer l’impact des cultures longues dans la prise en charge des infections ostéo-articulaires du pied diabétique. L’objectif secondaire était d’évaluer l’écologie bactérienne en cultures courtes et longues afin d’engager une réflexion sur la stratégie de prise en charge. Résultats : le J3 était statistiquement comparable (sexe ratio, âge, positivité des cultures courtes et écologie bactérienne). Pour les biopsies osseuses dont la culture à 72h était négative, les cultures longues étaient plus souvent positives à J10 avant 2019 (20%) qu’après 2019 à J17 (12,8%) (p<0,0001). Pour les parties molles, la même tendance est constatée avec légèrement plus de cultures longues positives avant 2019 qu’après (p=0,03). Conclusion : nos résultats suggèrent que la prolongation de la culture en bouillon Schaedler ne semble pas avoir augmenté quantitativement la détection de germes dans les prélèvements osseux, avec une tendance similaire pour les parties molles. Un raccourcissement de la durée des cultures longues est à discuter. L’écologie bactérienne du service était comparable à celle rapportée dans la littérature dans les pays développés

Mont’Prospect2.0: Prospecter les montagnes autrement

International audienc