Genetic variability of the blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus in the Western Mediterranean Sea inferred by DNA microsatellite loci

Genetic variation at eight microsatellite loci was studied in nine populations of the blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus to investigate whether distinct stocks are present in the Western Mediterranean Sea. A high level of gene flow and no evidence of genetic partitioning were discovered. No significant variation was found (FST = 0.00673, P-value = 0.067) even when shrimps from exploited and those from deep-water unexploited grounds were compared. No evidence of reduction or expansion of population size in the recent past was found, as indicated by the bottleneck and interlocus g-tests. Our results are consistent with previous studies using mitochondrial gene methods and allozymes, indicating that, for this species, extensive pelagic larval dispersal and adult migration are probably responsible for the genetic homogeneity observed. In particular, due to a different bathymetric distribution of males and females, reported to be associated with different water masses and hence with possible differential dispersal capacity between sexes, the hypothesis of sex-biased dispersal was tested. Mean values of corrected assignment indices and mean relatedness values were higher for males, suggesting that females are the more widely dispersing sex. Molecular assessment of A. antennatus from the Western Mediterranean provides data of biological and evolutionary interest for the successful management of such a highly valuable fishery resource

Sequential and compartmentalized action of Rabs, SNAREs, and MAL in the apical delivery of fusiform vesicles in urothelial umbrella cells

Uroplakins (UPs) are major differentiation products of urothelial umbrella cells and play important roles in forming the permeability barrier and in the expansion/stabilization of the apical membrane. Further, UPIa serves as a uropathogenic Escherichia coli receptor. Although it is understood that UPs are delivered to the apical membrane via fusiform vesicles (FVs), the mechanisms that regulate this exocytic pathway remain poorly understood. Immunomicroscopy of normal and mutant mouse urothelia show that the UP-delivering FVs contained Rab8/11 and Rab27b/Slac2-a, which mediate apical transport along actin filaments. Subsequently a Rab27b/Slp2-a complex mediated FV–membrane anchorage before SNARE-mediated and MAL-facilitated apical fusion. We also show that keratin 20 (K20), which forms a chicken-wire network ∼200 nm below the apical membrane and has hole sizes allowing FV passage, defines a subapical compartment containing FVs primed and strategically located for fusion. Finally, we show that Rab8/11 and Rab27b function in the same pathway, Rab27b knockout leads to uroplakin and Slp2-a destabilization, and Rab27b works upstream from MAL. These data support a unifying model in which UP cargoes are targeted for apical insertion via sequential interactions with Rabs and their effectors, SNAREs and MAL, and in which K20 plays a key role in regulating vesicular trafficking

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV

Measurement of the Bottom-Strange Meson Mixing Phase in the Full CDF Data Set

We report a measurement of the bottom-strange meson mixing phase \beta_s using the time evolution of B0_s -> J/\psi (->\mu+\mu-) \phi (-> K+ K-) decays in which the quark-flavor content of the bottom-strange meson is identified at production. This measurement uses the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt(s)= 1.96 TeV collected by the Collider Detector experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to 9.6 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. We report confidence regions in the two-dimensional space of \beta_s and the B0_s decay-width difference \Delta\Gamma_s, and measure \beta_s in [-\pi/2, -1.51] U [-0.06, 0.30] U [1.26, \pi/2] at the 68% confidence level, in agreement with the standard model expectation. Assuming the standard model value of \beta_s, we also determine \Delta\Gamma_s = 0.068 +- 0.026 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps-1 and the mean B0_s lifetime, \tau_s = 1.528 +- 0.019 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps, which are consistent and competitive with determinations by other experiments.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett 109, 171802 (2012

A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies a restricted set of HIV host dependency factors

Host proteins are essential for HIV entry and replication and can be important nonviral therapeutic targets. Large-scale RNA interference (RNAi)-based screens have identified nearly a thousand candidate host factors, but there is little agreement among studies and few factors have been validated. Here we demonstrate that a genome-wide CRISPR-based screen identifies host factors in a physiologically relevant cell system. We identify five factors, including the HIV co-receptors CD4 and CCR5, that are required for HIV infection yet are dispensable for cellular proliferation and viability. Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 2 (TPST2) and solute carrier family 35 member B2 (SLC35B2) function in a common pathway to sulfate CCR5 on extracellular tyrosine residues, facilitating CCR5 recognition by the HIV envelope. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) mediates cell aggregation, which is required for cell-to-cell HIV transmission. We validated these pathways in primary human CD4 + T cells through Cas9-mediated knockout and antibody blockade. Our findings indicate that HIV infection and replication rely on a limited set of host-dispensable genes and suggest that these pathways can be studied for therapeutic intervention

.

Ultra processed foods (UFAs) are becoming increasingly important in children´s diets, deteriorating their health and quality of life in the short, medium and long term. This study analysed the frequency of consumption of UPAs in 5th and 6th grade schoolchildren from three schools in three localities with different levels of urbanisation and socio-productive activities, Centenario (Neuquén), San Luis (San Luis) and Serrano (Cordoba), according to socio-demographic characteristics and food environments, in the year 2021. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 188 school children (San Luis n=76; Centenario n=62; Serrano n=50), who responded to a self- administered digital survey on the frequency of weekly consumption of UPA in main meals and snacks, socio-economic level (SEL) of the household and food environments (home and school). Comparison of proportions tests were applied to compare consumption frequency between locations and by SEL (significance level=0.005). Statistical analyses were performed with Stata V14.0 and EPIDAT. The group with the highest frequency of consumption was sweet biscuits (72.3%), where Centenario (n=33) showed higher consumption than Serrano (n=23) and San Luis (n=16) (p=0.001). Flavoured juices were consumed by a high percentage of school children within the group of sweetened beverages (71.2%). Serrano had the highest numbers of school children with very frequent consumption and the differences between Serrano (n=21) and Centenario (n=14) (p=0.045), and San Luis (n=16) (p=0.020) were significant. Finally, the group of sauces/dressings was consumed more than four times a week by a high proportion of school children (65.2%), where Serrano (n=25) had higher consumption than Centenario (n=16) (p=0.014) and San Luis (n=22) (p=0.027). No significant differences were found when analysing these products according to SEL. Finally, the main environment where UPAs were consumed was at home and the highest percentage (56.91%) consumed them during snack time. The results show that schoolchildren living in less urbanised localities had higher intakes of UPA, suggesting that both locality of residence and socio- economic background influence dietary choices and behaviours.Los alimentos ultraprocesados (AUP) son cada vez más protagonistas de la alimentación infantil deteriorando la salud y calidad de vida a corto, mediano y largo plazo. Este trabajo analizó la frecuencia de consumo de AUP en escolares de 5° y 6° grado, de tres escuelas de tres localidades con grado de urbanización y actividades socioproductivas diferentes entre sí, Centenario (Neuquén), San Luis (San Luis) y Serrano (Córdoba), según características sociodemográficas y entornos alimentarios, en el año 2021. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal en una muestra de 188 escolares (San Luis n=76; Centenario n=62; Serrano n=50), quienes respondieron una encuesta digital autoadministrada sobre la frecuencia de consumo semanal de AUP en comidas principales y colaciones, nivel socioeconómico (NSE) del hogar y entornos alimentarios (hogar y escuela). Se aplicaron pruebas de comparación de proporciones para comparar la frecuencia de consumo entre localidades y por NSE (nivel de significación=0,05). Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron con Stata V14.0 y EPIDAT. El grupo con mayor frecuencia de consumo fueron las galletas dulces (72,3%), donde Centenario (n=33) presentó mayor consumo que Serrano (n=23) y San Luis (n=16) (p=0,001). Los jugos saborizados fueron consumidos por un alto porcentaje de escolares, dentro del grupo bebidas azucaradas (71,2%) registrando diferencias significativas entre Serrano (n=21) con respecto a Centenario (n=14) (p=0,045) y a San Luis (n=16) (p=0,020), siendo la primera localidad mencionada quien mayor número de escolares con un consumo Muy Frecuente presentó; por último el grupo de salsas/aderezos fue consumido más de 4 veces/semana por una elevada proporción de escolares (65,2%), dónde Serrano (n=25) presentó mayor consumo en relación a Centenario (n=16) (p=0,014) y San Luis (n=22) (p=0,027). No se hallaron diferencias significativas respecto al análisis de estos productos según NSE. Por último, el principal entorno donde se consumieron los AUP fue el hogar y el mayor porcentaje (56,91%) lo hizo durante la merienda. Los resultados expuestos evidencian que los escolares residentes de localidades con menor grado de urbanización tuvieron mayor ingesta de AUP, sugiriendo que tanto la localidad de residencia como el contexto socioeconómico ejercen influencia sobre las elecciones y comportamientos alimentarios.

MCT1-mediated transport of a toxic molecule is an effective strategy for targeting glycolytic tumors

There is increasing evidence that oncogenic transformation modifies the metabolic program of cells. A common alteration is the upregulation of glycolysis, and efforts to target glycolytic enzymes for anticancer therapy are under way. Here, we performed a genome-wide haploid genetic screen to identify resistance mechanisms to 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA), a drug candidate that inhibits glycolysis in a poorly understood fashion. We identified the SLC16A1 gene product, MCT1, as the main determinant of 3-BrPA sensitivity. MCT1 is necessary and sufficient for 3-BrPA uptake by cancer cells. Additionally, SLC16A1 mRNA levels are the best predictor of 3-BrPA sensitivity and are most elevated in glycolytic cancer cells. Furthermore, forced MCT1 expression in 3-BrPA–resistant cancer cells sensitizes tumor xenografts to 3-BrPA treatment in vivo. Our results identify a potential biomarker for 3-BrPA sensitivity and provide proof of concept that the selectivity of cancer-expressed transporters can be exploited for delivering toxic molecules to tumors.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH CA103866)Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research (Fellowship)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Fellowship)Howard Hughes Medical Institute (Investigator