Planctomycetes: their evolutionary implications for models for origins of eukaryotes and the eukaryote nucleus and endomembranes

Planctomycetes and their relatives in the PVC superphylum have significant implications for evolution of the diversity of bacterial and eukaryotic cell organisation. The compartmentalisation via internal membranes of an underlying plan shared by planctomycetes and by members of phyla Verrucomicrobia and Lentisphaerae within the PVC superphylum implies phylogenetic meaning to such structure. It is likely that the common ancestor of PVC superphylum members possessed such compartmentalisation. Compartmentalisation in PVC bacteria, especially within the Gemmata clade where the nucleoid is bounded by an envelope of two membranes, has implications for theories of the origin of the eukaryotic nucleus, suggesting autogenous theories should be considered seriously as major alternatives to those depending on early fusions between Archaea and Bacteria domains. Explanations for the origin of PVC compartmentalisation are considered here, as well as their implications for molecular correlates of such compartmentalisation, and their correlates with an integrated cell biology that may be an analogue or even a homologue of an ancient eukaryote cell biology. PVC bacteria can form major experimental models for exploring what such a cell biology might have looked like

CALCULATIONS OF THE THERMAL-EXPANSION, COHESIVE ENERGY AND THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY OF A VAN-DER-WAALS CRYSTAL - FULLERENE C-60

The temperature dependence of the intermolecular distance and the cohesive energy in the high-temperature modification of C-60 solid fullerene was studied on basis of the correlative method of unsymmetrized self-consistent field. The central intermolec ular potential of Girifalco and its approximation by Yakub were used. We conclude about the decisive role of anharmonic effects at high temperatures. The discrepancy between the calculated and experimental values of intermolecular distance does not exceed 0.8% on the whole temperature interval. The temperature of loss of thermodynamic stability was obtained (approximate to 1915 K) and a possible melting temperature was estimated (approximate to 1400 K)

CMS Physics Technical Design Report: Addendum on High Density QCD with Heavy Ions

This report presents the capabilities of the CMS experiment to explore the rich heavy-ion physics programme offered by the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The collisions of lead nuclei at energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 5.5\,{\rm TeV}$ , will probe quark and gluon matter at unprecedented values of energy density. The prime goal of this research is to study the fundamental theory of the strong interaction \u2014 Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) \u2014 in extreme conditions of temperature, density and parton momentum fraction (low- x ). This report covers in detail the potential of CMS to carry out a series of representative Pb-Pb measurements. These include "bulk" observables, (charged hadron multiplicity, low p T inclusive hadron identified spectra and elliptic flow) which provide information on the collective properties of the system, as well as perturbative probes such as quarkonia, heavy-quarks, jets and high p T hadrons which yield "tomographic" information of the hottest and densest phases of the reaction