A Comparative-Law Perspective on Street Law in Italy: Drawing Best Practices from Common-Law Traditions to Boost Civic Engagement in a Civil-Law Context

The chapter provides a comparative-law perspective- specifically the US and Italian models - on legal, civic and legal educational cultures. In particular, it describes the content of a proposed course in Street Law, being taught for the first time in Italy in the spring of 2019 at Roma Tre University. The course will instill law students with the tools and techniques needed to teach high school students the basics of civic education - including concepts such as rule of law, subsidiarity and democracy - largely lacking in the Italian educational system. By partnering with the non-profit volunteer organization Retake Roma, the course participants will organize a cleanup, involving the local Retake neighborhood group and a local high school. Didactic approaches, a best-practices lesson plan and interactive strategies are explored, as well as the challenges such a course will meet in the Italian legal-education system and local context. Other contributers to this volume include: Rebecca Grimes, Lee Arbetman, David McQuoid-Mason, Ulviyya Mikayilova, Lamiya Sharafkanova, Vitaly Radsky, Jeff Giddings, Arpeeta Mizan, Rolf Gollob, Lucia Madlenakova, Harrison Belley, Angeliki Aroni, Rosa Tedjabuwana, Hesti Septianita, Leni Widi Mulyani, John Lunney, Sean Arthurs, Chris Malcolm, Ramona Biholar, Bruce A. Lasky, Wendy Morrish, Stephen A. Rosenbaum, Bebs Chorak, Chigizori Ojiaka, Boubacar Tall, Coline Bruintjies, Nancy Flowers, A Gascón-Cuenca, Rainer Adam, Pimrapaat Dusadeeisariyakul, Ben Fourniotis, Seda Gayreti, Ted Huddlestone, Richard Grimes, Margaret Fisher, Judy Zimmer, Mary C. Larki

Accelerated surgery versus standard care in hip fracture (HIP ATTACK) : an international, randomised, controlled trial

Background: Observational studies have suggested that accelerated surgery is associated with improved outcomes in patients with a hip fracture. The HIP ATTACK trial assessed whether accelerated surgery could reduce mortality and major complications. Methods: HIP ATTACK was an international, randomised, controlled trial done at 69 hospitals in 17 countries. Patients with a hip fracture that required surgery and were aged 45 years or older were eligible. Research personnel randomly assigned patients (1:1) through a central computerised randomisation system using randomly varying block sizes to either accelerated surgery (goal of surgery within 6 h of diagnosis) or standard care. The coprimary outcomes were mortality and a composite of major complications (ie, mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, venous thromboembolism, sepsis, pneumonia, life-threatening bleeding, and major bleeding) at 90 days after randomisation. Patients, health-care providers, and study staff were aware of treatment assignment, but outcome adjudicators were masked to treatment allocation. Patients were analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02027896). Findings: Between March 14, 2014, and May 24, 2019, 27 701 patients were screened, of whom 7780 were eligible. 2970 of these were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive accelerated surgery (n=1487) or standard care (n=1483). The median time from hip fracture diagnosis to surgery was 6 h (IQR 4\u20139) in the accelerated-surgery group and 24 h (10\u201342) in the standard-care group (p<0\ub70001). 140 (9%) patients assigned to accelerated surgery and 154 (10%) assigned to standard care died, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0\ub791 (95% CI 0\ub772 to 1\ub714) and absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 1% ( 121 to 3; p=0\ub740). Major complications occurred in 321 (22%) patients assigned to accelerated surgery and 331 (22%) assigned to standard care, with an HR of 0\ub797 (0\ub783 to 1\ub713) and an ARR of 1% ( 122 to 4; p=0\ub771). Interpretation: Among patients with a hip fracture, accelerated surgery did not significantly lower the risk of mortality or a composite of major complications compared with standard care. Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Research

The concise guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14:G protein-coupled receptors

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates