Rintasyöpäpotilaan hoitopolku leikkauspäätöksen jälkeen : opetusvideo hoitotyön opiskelijoille

Toiminnallinen opinnäytetyö toteutettiin yhteistyössä Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulun kanssa. Taustalla oli kirurgista hoitotyötä opettavien opettajien tarve saada uutta opetus-materiaalia kirurgisen potilaan hoitopolusta. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli tuottaa TAMKin keskivaiheen opiskelijoille opetusvideo kirurgisen potilaan hoitopolusta. Tarkemmaksi aiheeksi valikoitui rintasyöpää sairastavan potilaan hoitopolku. Työn tavoitteena oli lisätä TAMKin sairaanhoitajaopiskelijoiden tietämystä kirurgisen rintasyöpäpotilaan hoitopolun eri vaiheista, varsinkin sellaisille opiskelijoille, joilla ei ole ennestään tietämystä potilaan kirurgisesta hoitopolusta. Opinnäytetyön tehtävinä oli vastata kysymyksiin, millainen on kirurgisen rintasyöpäpotilaan hoitopolku sekä minkälainen on hyvä opetusvideo. Opinnäytetyön tuotoksena muodostui tiivis opetusvideo kirurgisen hoito-työn opiskelun tueksi. Opinnäytetyössä sekä tuotoksessa käsiteltiin rintasyöpäpotilaan hoitopolkua. Rintasyöpä on naisten yleisin syöpä Suomessa ja noin joka yhdeksäs suomalainen nainen sairastuu siihen. Rintasyöpää hoidetaan usein leikkauksella, joten hoitajana on tärkeää ymmärtää kirurgisen rintasyöpäpotilaan hoitopolun kulkua. Potilaan hoitopolun tunteminen takaa potilaalle sujuvan ja turvallisen hoidon. Lisäksi potilaan saaman ohjauksen leikkausta edeltävässä ja sen jälkeisessä vaiheessa on todettu edistävän nopeampaa toipumista. Varsinkin sairaanhoitajan antaman ohjauksen on huomattu olevan tärkeässä roolissa potilaan hoitopolun aikana. Opinnäytetyön teoreettiset lähtökohdat muodostuivat kirurgisesta rintasyöpäpotilaasta, hoitopolusta ja opetusvideosta. Tuotoksena syntynyt opetusvideo havainnollistaa kirurgi-sen potilaan hoitopolkua rintasyöpää sairastavan näkökulmasta. Videoiden on todettu ole-van erittäin tehokas apu opetusvälineenä ja oppimisessa. Erityisesti opetusmenetelmänä videosta hyötyvät opiskelijat, jotka oppivat sekä visuaalisesti että auditiivisesti. Tuotos antaa hyvää perustietoa hoitotyön opiskelijoille tulevia harjoitteluja sekä työelämää varten. Videota voi hyödyntää oppitunneilla sekä myös itseopiskelun tukena. Jatkotutkimuksena opinnäytetyölle voisi olla kartoitus kirurgisten potilaiden hoitopolun sujuvuudesta.This functional thesis was conducted together with Tampere University of Applied Sciences. The purpose was to produce an educational video of the care chain of surgical patients for students at Tamk. The aim was to increase the nursing students’ knowledge of the different stages of treatment chain of breast cancer patients. The purpose was to answer what the care chain of a surgical breast cancer patient is like and what a good educational video is like. The result is a compact educational video to support studying surgical nursing. The video can be utilized as lecture material as well as in self study. Videos have been proofed to be a very effective tool in learning. The most common cancer among women in Finland is breast cancer and every ninth women falls ill with it. It is very important for a nurse to understand the care chain of a surgical breast cancer patient, as breast cancer is usually started to treat with surgery. The knowledge of the care chain guarantees the patient a fluent and safe treatment. In addition, the guidance both before and after the surgery has seen to promote a faster recovery. Especially the guidance given by nurses has been seen to be in an important role during the care chain. A further research topic for this thesis could be a survey of the fluency of the care chain of surgical patients

Intracellular diffusion restrictions in isolated cardiomyocytes from rainbow trout

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Restriction of intracellular diffusion of adenine nucleotides has been studied intensively on adult rat cardiomyocytes. However, their cause and role <it>in vivo </it>is still uncertain. Intracellular membrane structures have been suggested to play a role. We therefore chose to study cardiomyocytes from rainbow trout (<it>Oncorhynchus mykiss</it>), which are thinner and have fewer intracellular membrane structures than adult rat cardiomyocytes. Previous studies suggest that trout permeabilized cardiac fibers also have diffusion restrictions. However, results from fibers may be affected by incomplete separation of the cells. This is avoided when studying permeabilized, isolated cardiomyocytes. The aim of this study was to verify the existence of diffusion restrictions in trout cardiomyocytes by comparing ADP-kinetics of mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized fibers, permeabilized cardiomyocytes and isolated mitochondria from rainbow trout heart. Experiments were performed at 10, 15 and 20°C in the absence and presence of creatine.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Trout cardiomyocytes hypercontracted in the solutions used for mammalian cardiomyocytes. We developed a new solution in which they retained their shape and showed stable steady state respiration rates throughout an experiment. The apparent ADP-affinity of permeabilized cardiomyocytes was different from that of fibers. It was higher, independent of temperature and not increased by creatine. However, it was still about ten times lower than in isolated mitochondria.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The differences between fibers and cardiomyocytes suggest that results from trout heart fibers were affected by incomplete separation of the cells. However, the lower ADP-affinity of cardiomyocytes compared to isolated mitochondria indicate that intracellular diffusion restrictions are still present in trout cardiomyocytes despite their lower density of intracellular membrane structures. The lack of a creatine effect indicates that trout heart lacks mitochondrial creatine kinase tightly coupled to respiration. This argues against diffusion restriction by the outer mitochondrial membrane. These results from rainbow trout cardiomyocytes resemble those from other low-performance hearts such as neonatal rat and rabbit hearts. Thus, it seems that metabolic regulation is related to cardiac performance, and it is likely that rainbow trout can be used as a model animal for further studies of the localization and role of diffusion restrictions in low-performance hearts.</p

20th Century Japanese Prints

Selections from the permanent collection, June 23 - August 31, 2006https://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/exhibition_catalogues/1108/thumbnail.jp

Application of regularized Richardson–Lucy algorithm for deconvolution of confocal microscopy images

Although confocal microscopes have considerably smaller contribution of out-of-focus light than widefield microscopes, the confocal images can still be enhanced mathematically if the optical and data acquisition effects are accounted for. For that, several deconvolution algorithms have been proposed. As a practical solution, maximum-likelihood algorithms with regularization have been used. However, the choice of regularization parameters is often unknown although it has considerable effect on the result of deconvolution process. The aims of this work were: to find good estimates of deconvolution parameters; and to develop an open source software package that would allow testing different deconvolution algorithms and that would be easy to use in practice. Here, Richardson–Lucy algorithm has been implemented together with the total variation regularization in an open source software package IOCBio Microscope. The influence of total variation regularization on deconvolution process is determined by one parameter. We derived a formula to estimate this regularization parameter automatically from the images as the algorithm progresses. To assess the effectiveness of this algorithm, synthetic images were composed on the basis of confocal images of rat cardiomyocytes. From the analysis of deconvolved results, we have determined under which conditions our estimation of total variation regularization parameter gives good results. The estimated total variation regularization parameter can be monitored during deconvolution process and used as a stopping criterion. An inverse relation between the optimal regularization parameter and the peak signal-to-noise ratio of an image is shown. Finally, we demonstrate the use of the developed software by deconvolving images of rat cardiomyocytes with stained mitochondria and sarcolemma obtained by confocal and widefield microscopes