Limited ventilation of the central Baltic Sea due to elevated oxygen consumption

The Baltic Sea is known as the world’s largest marine system suffering from accelerating, man-made hypoxia. Notably, despite the nutrient load reduction policy adopted in the 1980s, the oxygen conditions of the Baltic Sea’s deep waters are still worsening. This study disentangles oxygen and hydrogen sulfide sources and sinks using the results from the 3-dimensional coupled MOM-ERGOM numerical model and investigates ventilation of the deep central Baltic Sea by the 29 biggest oxygen inflows from 1948 to 2018 utilizing the element tagging technic. Everywhere across the central Baltic Sea, except in the Bornholm Basin, a shift in oxygen consumption from sediments to water column and a significant positive trend in hydrogen sulfide content were observed. The most notable changes happened in the northern and western Gotland basins. Mineralization of organic matter, both in the water column and sediments, was identified as the primary driver of the observed changes. A significant negative trend in the lifetime of inflowing oxygen was found everywhere in the central Baltic Sea. It leads to the reduced efficiency of natural ventilation of the central Baltic Sea via the saltwater inflows, especially in the northern and western Gotland basins

The influence of mitoses rate on growth dynamics of a cellular automata model of tumour growth

Mitosis inside a tumour can be prohibited for different reasons, such as overcrowding or physical pressure. At the same time, the rate of successful mitoses inside a tumour can hardly be measured in vivo or vitro, but is easily modeled in silico. In this paper we present a study of the influence of mitoses rate on the growth dynamics of a cellular automata model for growth

Multidecadal climate variability dominated past trends in the water balance of the Baltic Sea watershed

Abstract The Baltic Sea watershed includes the territories of 14 countries in Northern, Central, and Eastern Europe. Long-term observations have shown that the climate in this area is characterised by a pronounced multidecadal variability, with a period of about 30 years, but its origin is thus far unknown. We propose that the observed ~30-year fluctuations in Baltic Sea salinity are caused by the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability and the North Atlantic Oscillation, which together modulate precipitation over the watershed and hence the river discharge into the Baltic Sea. The return of a large portion of the outflowing brackish Baltic Sea water with the inflowing salt water, due to mixing at the entrance area results in a positive feedback mechanism that amplifies the multidecadal variations in salinity. The strength of this self-amplification is considerable since atmospheric forcing has nearly the same periodicity as the response time of the freshwater content to external freshwater inputs

Chemopreventive effects of Coltect, a novel dietary supplement, alone and in combination with 5-aminosalicylic acid in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in rats

Objectives: Coltect is a novel dietary supplement containing curcumin, green tea and selenomethionine. Previous reports have suggested that these agents can prevent colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study examined the chemopreventive effect of Coltect alone or combined with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) using the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) model in rats