9,599 research outputs found
Denotational Semantics of the Simplified Lambda-Mu Calculus and a New Deduction System of Classical Type Theory
Classical (or Boolean) type theory is the type theory that allows the type
inference (the type counterpart of
double-negation elimination), where is any type and is
absurdity type. This paper first presents a denotational semantics for a
simplified version of Parigot's lambda-mu calculus, a premier example of
classical type theory. In this semantics the domain of each type is divided
into infinitely many ranks and contains not only the usual members of the type
at rank 0 but also their negative, conjunctive, and disjunctive shadows in the
higher ranks, which form an infinitely nested Boolean structure. Absurdity type
is identified as the type of truth values. The paper then presents a new
deduction system of classical type theory, a sequent calculus called the
classical type system (CTS), which involves the standard logical operators such
as negation, conjunction, and disjunction and thus reflects the discussed
semantic structure in a more straightforward fashion.Comment: In Proceedings CL&C 2016, arXiv:1606.0582
First LHCb Results from 2009 LHC Run
By the end of 2009, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) provided a short run of
pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of . The LHCb
Experiment has taken its first collision data with the aim to finalize the
commissioning of the detector and perform the spatial and time alignments. This
paper presents a collection of preliminary results of the LHCb detector
obtained with the data acquired in this first LHC run. A brief outlook of the
physics expected with the first data in 2010 at 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy is
also presented
Experimental Determination of the Gain Distribution of an Avalanche Photodiode at Low Gains
A measurement system for determining the gain distributions of avalanche
photodiodes (APDs) in a low gain range is presented. The system is based on an
ultralow-noise charge--sensitive amplifier and detects the output carriers from
an APD. The noise of the charge--sensitive amplifier is as low as 4.2 electrons
at a sampling rate of 200 Hz. The gain distribution of a commercial Si APD with
low average gains are presented, demonstrating the McIntyre theory in the low
gain range.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure
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