Wind Data From Radar Echoes

Series statement on cover: "Technical Report no. 1"Listed in ISWS Publications Catalog (1995, p. 14) as Contract Report no. 1, with the series statement Technical Report no. 1 included in the citation.published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewedOpe

First results with the Gas Discharge Visualisation (GDV) method (Kirlian photography) to assess the inner Quality of apples

GDV technology can provide useful information for distinguishing healthy and stressed plants and, in some cases, it can provide useful information for distinguishing different varieties and rootstocks. It can also provide information for distinguishing fruits grown using different fertilization treatments. However, in our cases with fruit of very similar standard quality, we were not able to find complementary information to distinguish organically from conventionally grown apple fruit. Currently we are carrying out two larger and refined studies on just that topic with 5 conventional/ organic comparison pairs from harvests of two years

Harmonia axyridis: an environmental risk assessment for Northwest Europe

In this paper, we summarize the international situation with respect to environmental risk assessment for biological control agents. Next, we apply a recently designed, comprehensive risk evaluation method consisting of a stepwise procedure to evaluate the environmental risks of Harmonia axyridis in Northwest Europe. This resulted in the very clear conclusion that H. axyridis is a potentially risky species for Northwest Europe, because it is able to establish, it has a very wide host range including species from other insect orders and even beyond the class of Insecta, it may feed on plant materials, it can cover large distances (>50 km per year), it does move into non-target areas, it may attack many non-target species including beneficial insects and insects of conservation concern, its activities have resulted in the reduction of populations of native predators in North America, it is known as a nuisance in North America and recently also in Northwest Europe, and it may develop as a pest of fruit in North America. Considering the H. axyridis case, current knowledge would lead to the conclusion that, although the predator is capable to effectively control several pest species, its risks are manifold and it should, thus, not have been released in Northwest Europe. At the time of the first releases in Nortwest Europe in 1995, the available scientific literature made clear that H. axyridis is a large sized polyphagous predator and has a great reproductive capacity in comparison with other ladybird beetles, and that there was a need to study non-target effects because of its polyphagous behaviour. In retrospect, this information should have been sufficient to reject import and release of this species, but it was apparently ignored by those who considered release of this predator in Northwest Europe. The case of Harmonia releases in Northwest Europe underlines that there is an urgent need for harmonized, world-wide regulation of biological control agents, including an information system on risky natural enemy species

Change Is Needed: The Taxation of Alimony and Child Support

When a marriage dissolves there are tax consequences for everything from distribution of property to custody of the couple\u27s children. The current tax system for alimony and child support strengthens the possibility of financial devastation. Under the present system, alimony and child support have opposite tax treatment. Many complicated rules have been added to distinguish between alimony and child support, which will be discussed later in this paper. There must be a simplification of the present law so that the average divorced taxpayer will be able to understand and implement the rules with or without sophisticated tax counsel or an amicable relationship with his or her ex-spouse. This goal can be achieved by treating alimony and child support the same for tax purposes. This viewpoint has its critics as well. However, this paper will show that many of the reasons advocated by those who disfavor this type of tax treatment are outdated and unpersuasive. Although no system of taxation is without flaws, taxing both alimony and child support to the recipient will create the best possible method of divorce taxation. This paper will advocate this method of taxation by first examining the history of the tax effects of divorce, then stating the problems with the current system, and finally discussing in depth the benefits and consequences of taxing the recipient on both alimony and child support

Universal Central Extensions of Direct Limits of Hom-Lie Superalgebras

It was shown by Neher and Sun in [12] that, for perfect Lie superalgebras $L_i$, the universal central extension of the direct limit of $L_i$ is isomorphic to the direct limit of the universal central extensions of $L_i$. In this thesis, we extend the result to Hom-Lie superalgebras, first introduced by Ammar and Makhlouf in [1], and construct the universal central extension of a perfect Hom-Lie superalgebra by defining a \uce functor on the category of Hom-Lie superalgebras. In Theorem 4.2.3, we show that if a Hom-Lie superalgebra $L$ is perfect, then \uce(L) is a universal central extension of $L$. In Theorem 4.3.2, we show that the universal central extension of the direct limit of perfect Hom-Lie superalgebras $L_i$ is isomorphic to the direct limit of the universal central extensions of $L_i$

CJUS 330 Juvenile Justice

Course syllabus for CJUS 330 Juvenile Justice Course description: This course explores the development of the juvenile court and the system of juvenile justice in the United States. Contemporary issues in juvenile justice, as well as some of the current approaches to prevention, control, and treatment will be studied

How does the local wind field control the aerosol distribution in coastal Dronning Maud Land?

Atmospheric circulation patterns and chemical concentrations in firn cores are highly related to each other. Atmospheric winds transport aerosols like sea salt and mineral dust over the globe and redistribute them. Because of this, it is possible to reconstruct atmospheric circulation bringing aerosol to Antarctica by analyzing chemical impurities in firn and ice. With these analyses, the gap caused by sparse atmospheric measurements can be filled and this knowledge can then be used to improve the understanding of local and global circulation patterns.Due to a very high accumulation rate (~600 kg/m²*a), coastal Dronning Maud Land (CDML) is a perfect site to conduct these studies.Here, the upper 6m of two firn cores drilled on Halvfaryggen and Sörasen (covering the time interval from 2002- 2007) were analyzed on ionic concentrations. This data was then contrasted to measurements from the air chemistry laboratories at Neumayer (NM) and Kohnenstation (KS), and synoptic measurements from automatic weather stations (distributed in CDML and at NM).The analyses show very different results: Sea salt ions (e.g. Na+) are higher correlated to ions measured in aerosol samples at the air chemistry laboratory at KS than to the one located at NM. In contrast, ions representing mineral dust (e.g. nss-Ca2+) only have a weak correlation over the whole area and time period. Accordingly, the deposition of aerosol is highly dependent on its origin and the topography in coastal Antarctica suggesting different transport pathways for sea level and higher altitude sites