1,840 research outputs found
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Subjective well-being over the life course: Conceptualizations and evaluations
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What Matters for Well-Being: Individual Perceptions of Quality of Life Before and After Important Life Events
In recent decades, what matters for individual quality of life (QoL) has
increasingly been the focus of empirical social science research. However, individuals
are rarely asked directly what is important for their quality of life as part of large-scale
surveys. The present analysis studies perceptions of what matters for QoL in a largescale
longitudinal dataset – the British Household Panel Survey – which includes
an open-ended question on QoL in three waves spanning ten years. We find that
concepts of QoL change over the life course and differ between men and women.We
hypothesize that changes in perceptions of QoL are related to important life events,
such as the birth of a first child and retirement. These life events constitute ’turning
points’ after which individuals often shift their priorities of what matters for their
QoL.We further explore whether such shifts in priorities are stable or disappear more
than five years after the life event
The Partner Pay Gap – Associations between Spouses’ Relative Earnings and Life Satisfaction among Couples in the UK. ESRI WP642, November 2019
Despite women’s recent gains in education and employment, husbands still tend to out-earn their wives. This article examines the relationship between the partner pay gap, i.e. the difference in earned income between married, co-resident partners, and life satisfaction. Contrary to previous studies, we investigate the effects of recent changes in relative earnings within couples as well as labour market transitions. Using several waves of the UK Household Longitudinal Study, we reveal that men exhibit an increase in life satisfaction in response to a recent increase in their proportional earnings. For women their proportional earnings had no effect on life satisfaction in one model, and in a model that accounted for their recent employment changes, women exhibited decreased life satisfaction. We also find secondary-earning husbands report lower average life satisfaction than primary-earning men, while such differences were not found for women. The analysis offers compelling evidence of the role of gendered norms in the sustenance of the partner pay gap
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Panel data and open-ended questions: Understanding perceptions of quality of life
This paper describes the burgeoning interest in quality of life studies and suggests that as well as
expert definitions, we need to consider people’s own perceptions of what matters. Using openended
questions from the 1997 and 2002 waves of the British Household Panel Survey we
analyse both quantitatively and qualitatively how perceptions of quality of life differ for men and
women across the life course. Qualitative analysis reveals that key domains such as health, family
and finances often refer, not to self, but to others. Longitudinal analysis demonstrates that
people’s perceptions of quality of life change over time, particularly before and after important
life transitions. Thus our findings challenge overly individualistic and static conceptions of quality
of life and reveal quality of life as a process, not a fixed state
Analyzing Fragmentation of Simple Fluids with Percolation Theory
We show that the size distributions of fragments created by high energy
nuclear collisions are remarkably well reproduced within the framework of a
parameter free percolation model. We discuss two possible scenarios to explain
this agreement and suggest that percolation could be an universal mechanism to
explain the fragmentation of simple fluids.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure
Partial energies fluctuations and negative heat capacities
We proceed to a critical examination of the method used in nuclear
fragmentation to exhibit signals of negative heat capacity. We show that this
method leads to unsatisfactory results when applied to a simple and well
controlled model. Discrepancies are due to incomplete evaluation of potential
energies.Comment: Modified figures 3 and
Logic and theory of representation
Underlying the theory of inferences, a primary task of logic is language
analysis. Such a task can be understood as depending on a general theory of
representation, taking as a starting point the idea that some entities (``
representations '') can present some entites (`` contents ''). We outline a
theory of representation accounting for the capacity of representational
systems to access universes that extend beyond an immediate presence. We define
three logical properties that any adequate representational system should have:
completeness, faithfulness, coherence. We show that logical laws are laws of
representation. Finally, it appears that logic can be considered as the
abstract theory of representation
Beyond Mutexes, Semaphores, and Critical Sections
International audienceThe traditional approach to multitasking synchronization has been to use Mutexes, Semaphores, and Critical sections. However, those primitives can lead to inefficiency or, even worse, to error conditions such as, for example, dead or live locks or priority inversion. The problems with those primitive are particularly vivid with real-time systems. Also, with the rapid deployment of multi-core systems, those traditional mechanisms are showing new classes of issues. This talk will discuss how the use of non-blocking algorithms through atomic and barrier operations can lead to more robust, deterministic and higher performance systems
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Job quality and women’s labour market participation
Policies aimed at further deregulation of employment have potentially detrimental effects on fertility levels and also on female employment rates after childbirth since they adversely affect job quality. The fact that job creation during the recent recession has occurred mainly in the form of non-standard employment contracts may entail a long-term negative impact in terms of fertility and female labour market participation rates. The EU should therefore concentrate on putting job quality back on to the policy agenda. This could be achieved through increased use of employment indicators, in particular job quality indicators, in the process of monitoring social and employment developments. The formulation of policy guidelines and of objectives in the area of job quality in the form of concrete targets could ensure that job quality will be given a higher profile and will become an explicit component of national trajectories and of key measures recommended for attaining the targets
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