Efektivitas tanaman barier terhadap kelimpahan serangga penyerbuk dan pengaruhnya terhadap hasil cabai rawit

Introduction: The availability of food sources influences the abundance of insect pollinators. The interaction between plants and insect pollinators is a symbiotic mutualism. In addition, the use of a plant barrier could attract insect pollinators in foraging activities. The study aimed to determine the effect of plant barrier on the abundance of insect pollinators and the yield of chili pepper. This research was carried out on agricultural land in Lumpoknyo village, North Luwuk, Banggai Regency, in July - December 2020. Methods: The research was carried out using a randomized block design, and four treatments, namely chili plants without barriers and covered with nets (P0 or control),  eggplant plant barriers (P1), plant barriers with Zinnia sp and Cosmos caudatus (P2), and tomato plant barrier (P3). Observations were made every day at the time of flowering for 14 days. Sample collection of insect pollinators is done by taking insects that visit chili flowers using a sweep net. Results: Three species of insect pollinators were collected, namely Bembecinius sp, Ceratina sp, and Nomia sp. 730 individuals were found on eggplant barriers, 660 individuals on Zinnia sp and Cosmos caudatus barriers and 592 on tomato barriers. The highest  individual is Ceratina sp (810 individuals), followed by Nomia sp. (799 individuals), and Bembecinius sp (373 individuals). Chili pepper cultivation using eggplant barrier yielded 4,93 kg/plot, Zinnia sp and Cosmos caudatus barriers 3,96 kg/plot, tomato barrier 3,62 kg/plot, and the lowest yield was shown in chili pepper fields covered with insect nets. of 2,00 kg/plot. Conclusion: The barrier system using eggplant is considered effective for increasing the abundance of insect pollinators and the yield of chili pepper

CMS Physics Technical Design Report: Addendum on High Density QCD with Heavy Ions

This report presents the capabilities of the CMS experiment to explore the rich heavy-ion physics programme offered by the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The collisions of lead nuclei at energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 5.5\,{\rm TeV}$ , will probe quark and gluon matter at unprecedented values of energy density. The prime goal of this research is to study the fundamental theory of the strong interaction \u2014 Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) \u2014 in extreme conditions of temperature, density and parton momentum fraction (low- x ). This report covers in detail the potential of CMS to carry out a series of representative Pb-Pb measurements. These include "bulk" observables, (charged hadron multiplicity, low p T inclusive hadron identified spectra and elliptic flow) which provide information on the collective properties of the system, as well as perturbative probes such as quarkonia, heavy-quarks, jets and high p T hadrons which yield "tomographic" information of the hottest and densest phases of the reaction