Dramatic effect of pop-up satellite tags on eel swimming

The journey of the European eel to the spawning area in the Sargasso Sea is still a mystery. Several trials have been carried out to follow migrating eels with pop-up satellite tags (PSATs), without much success. As eels are very efficient swimmers, tags likely interfere with their high swimming efficiency. Here we report a more than twofold increase in swimming cost caused by a regular small satellite tag. The impact was determined at a range of swimming speeds with and without tag in a 2-m swimming tunnel. These results help to explain why the previous use of PSATs to identify spawning sites in the Sargasso Sea was thus far unsuccessful

Use of the Internet for health information by physicians for patient care in a teaching hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria

BACKGROUND: The Internet is the world's largest network of information, communication and services. Although the Internet is widely used in medicine and has made significant impact in research, training and patient care, few studies had explored the extent to which Nigerian physicians use Internet resources for patient care. The objective of this study was to assess physicians' use of the Internet for health information for patient care. METHOD: 172 physicians at the University College hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria; completed a 31-item, anonymous, standardized questionnaire. The Epi-Info software was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 31.95 years (SD 4.94). Virtually all (98%) the respondents had used the Internet; 76% accessed it from cyber cafes. E-mail was the most commonly used Internet service (64%). Ninety percent of the respondents reported they had obtained information from the Internet for patient care; of this number, 76.2% had searched a database. The database most recently searched was MEDLINE/PubMed in 99% of cases. Only 7% of the respondents had ever searched the Cochrane Library. More than half (58.1%) perceived they had no confidence to download full-text articles from online sources such as the Health Internetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI). Multiple barriers to increased use of the Internet were identified including poor availability of broadband (fast connection speed) Internet access, lack of information searching skills, cost of access and information overload. CONCLUSION: Physicians' use of the Internet for health information for patient care was widespread but use of evidenced-based medicine resources such as Cochrane Library, Up-to-date and Clinical Evidence was minimal. Awareness and training in the use of EBM resources for patient care is needed. Introduction of EBM in the teaching curriculum will enhance the use of EBM resources by physicians for patient care

Model Pendugaan Volume Tegakan Jati (Tectona grandis Linn.F) di Hutan Produksi Wemata Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Wilayah Kabupaten Belu

Pendugaan model tegakan jati (Tectona grandis Linn.f) di kawasan hutan produksi Wemata dilakukan pada 150 pohon contoh, dimana sebanyak 90 pohon menjadi pohon model dan 60 pohon dijadikan dasar untuk memvalidasi model yang telah disusun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan potensi tegakan jati (Tectona grandis Linn.f) berdasarkan model terbaik yang terpilih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi tegakan jati seluas 154, 741 ha sebanyak 26.259,4 m3 – 27.420,1 m3. Penentuan model terbaik berdasarkan nilai koefisien determinasi (R²), bias (SEE), dan validasi model berdasarkan nilai rata-rata deviasi (SR), deviasi aggregate (SA), root mean square of deviation (RMSE) dan bias (e). model yang terbaik berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria tersebut adalah V = -0.17 + 0.865 D2T (R² = 98.1 %), SEE = 0.095, SR = 0.436%, SA = 0.18%, RMSE = 0.78 dan e = 0.33. dengan potensi tegakan jati (Tectona grandis Linn.f), sebesar 36.001,017m3- 37.741,329 m

Effects of Heavy Metals and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza on the Leaf Proteome of a Selected Poplar Clone: A Time Course Analysis

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi establish a mutualistic symbiosis with the roots of most plant species. While receiving photosynthates, they improve the mineral nutrition of the plant and can also increase its tolerance towards some pollutants, like heavy metals. Although the fungal symbionts exclusively colonize the plant roots, some plant responses can be systemic. Therefore, in this work a clone of Populus alba L., previously selected for its tolerance to copper and zinc, was used to investigate the effects of the symbiosis with the AM fungus Glomus intraradices on the leaf protein expression. Poplar leaf samples were collected from plants maintained in a glasshouse on polluted (copper and zinc contaminated) or unpolluted soil, after four, six and sixteen months of growth. For each harvest, about 450 proteins were reproducibly separated on 2DE maps. At the first harvest the most relevant effect on protein modulation was exerted by the AM fungi, at the second one by the metals, and at the last one by both treatments. This work demonstrates how importantly the time of sampling affects the proteome responses in perennial plants. In addition, it underlines the ability of a proteomic approach, targeted on protein identification, to depict changes in a specific pattern of protein expression, while being still far from elucidating the biological function of each protein

Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes

Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale(1-3). Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter(4); identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation(5,6); analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution(7); describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity(8,9); and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes(8,10-18).Peer reviewe

Effects of alirocumab on types of myocardial infarction: insights from the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial

Aims  The third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (MI) Task Force classified MIs into five types: Type 1, spontaneous; Type 2, related to oxygen supply/demand imbalance; Type 3, fatal without ascertainment of cardiac biomarkers; Type 4, related to percutaneous coronary intervention; and Type 5, related to coronary artery bypass surgery. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction with statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors reduces risk of MI, but less is known about effects on types of MI. ODYSSEY OUTCOMES compared the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab with placebo in 18 924 patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and elevated LDL-C (≥1.8 mmol/L) despite intensive statin therapy. In a pre-specified analysis, we assessed the effects of alirocumab on types of MI. Methods and results  Median follow-up was 2.8 years. Myocardial infarction types were prospectively adjudicated and classified. Of 1860 total MIs, 1223 (65.8%) were adjudicated as Type 1, 386 (20.8%) as Type 2, and 244 (13.1%) as Type 4. Few events were Type 3 (n = 2) or Type 5 (n = 5). Alirocumab reduced first MIs [hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–0.95; P = 0.003], with reductions in both Type 1 (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77–0.99; P = 0.032) and Type 2 (0.77, 0.61–0.97; P = 0.025), but not Type 4 MI. Conclusion  After ACS, alirocumab added to intensive statin therapy favourably impacted on Type 1 and 2 MIs. The data indicate for the first time that a lipid-lowering therapy can attenuate the risk of Type 2 MI. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction below levels achievable with statins is an effective preventive strategy for both MI types.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz299</p

підручник

Фінансове право: підручник / [Бандурка О. М., Гетманець О. П., Жорнокуй Ю. М. та ін.], за заг. ред. О. П. Гетманець; МВС України, Харків. нац. ун-т внутр. справ. – Харків, 2017. – 392 с. – ISBN 978-966-610-233-4.У підручнику розглянуто правові основи фінансової діяльності держави та органів місцевого самоврядування в Україні, фінансово-правові норми та фінансові правовідносини, правові засади фінансового контролю в Україні, відповідальність за порушення фінансового законодавства, правове значення бюджету, бюджетну систему України, бюджетний процес, правове регулювання міжбюджетних відносин, бюджетний контроль та відповідальність за порушення бюджетного законодавства, правове регулювання публічних та місцевих доходів, державних та місцевих видатків, державного кредиту і державного боргу, публічноправові основи загальнообов’язкового державного соціального страхування, регулювання банківської системи та банківської діяльності, правові основи грошового обігу тощо. Рекомендовано студентам вищих юридичних навчальних закладів Україні.The textbook examines the legal foundations of the financial activities of the state and local governments in Ukraine, the financial and legal norms and financial relations, the legal framework of financial control in Ukraine, the responsibility for violating financial legislation, the legal significance of the budget, the budget system of Ukraine, the budget process, the legal regulation of inter-budget relations, budget control and responsibility for violation of budget legislation, legal regulation of public and local revenues, public and local expenditures, state credit and public debt, publicly-legal bases of compulsory state social insurance, regulation of the banking system and banking activities, legal principles of monetary circulation and the like. Recommended for students of higher legal educational institutions of Ukraine.В учебнике рассмотрены правовые основы финансовой деятельности государства и органов местного самоуправления в Украине, финансово-правовые нормы и финансовые правоотношения, правовые основы финансового контроля в Украине, ответственность за нарушение финансового законодательства, правовое значение бюджета, бюджетной системе Украины, бюджетный процесс, правовое регулирование межбюджетных отношений, бюджетный контроль и ответственность за нарушение бюджетного законодательства, правовое регулирование публичных и местных доходов, государственных и местных расходов, государственного кредита и государственного долга, публично правовые основы общеобязательного государственного социального страхования, регулирования банковской системы и банковской деятельности, правовые основы денежного обращения и тому подобное. Рекомендовано студентам высших юридических учебных заведений Украины