Risk factors for dislocation arthropathy after Latarjet procedure: a long-term study

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse the long-term incidence of dislocation arthropathy after a modified Latarjet procedure for glenohumeral instability. Methods: Long-term follow-up information was obtained from a consecutive series of patients who had undergone a modified Latarjet procedure by one surgeon between 1986 and 1999. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to examine the relation between the development of a dislocation arthropathy and patients and surgery-related factors. Results: There were 117 patients (117 shoulders) for evaluation, (35 women and 82 men) with a mean age 28.4 ± 8.5 (range, 16-55). The mean follow-up was 16.2years (range, ten to 22.2years). Signs of dislocation arthropathy were found in 36% of patients, graded as Samilson 1 in 30%, Samilson 2 in 3%, and 3% Samilson 3 in 3% of patients. Risk factors for dislocation arthropathy included surgery in patients older than 40years of age (64.3 vs. 34.4%; adjusted RR 2.2, 95% CI 1.7-2.9) and lateral positioning of the transferred coracoid process in relation to the glenoid rim (82.4 vs. 30.4%; adjusted RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.7-3.2). Patients with hyperlaxity developed less dislocation arthropathy (15 vs. 42.5%; adjusted RR 0.4, 95% CI 0.1-0.95). Conclusion: The development of dislocation arthropathy after the Latarjet procedure remains a source of concern in the long term. It correlates with surgery after the age of 40 and lateral coracoid transfer in relation to the glenoid rim. On the other hand, hyperlaxity seems to have a protective effect on the development of dislocation arthropath

Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field