IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM MANAJEMEN MUTU ISO 9001 : 2000 PADA SMK NEGERI 2 WONOGIRI

One of the standards of quality management mechanisms of the most prominent today is the quality management standard ISO 9001:2000. The success of the ISO 9001:2000 quality management system in improving the effectiveness and efficiency and the development of quality in the industrial sector offers opportunities for education to implement a quality management system into its scope. This research has the goal of describing the implementation and application of quality management system ISO 9001-2000 at SMK Negeri 2 Wonogiri. The study was a descriptive qualitative research. This study was used (1) to obtain a comprehensive view and depth of the problems investigated in accordance with the realities of the educational unit of SMK Negeri 2 Wonogiri, and (2) close linkage with management of the interaction process elements in it so that the required research methods an emphasis on description, induction, background theory and analysis to the understanding of individuals involved in the process. The design of this research is ethnography. Ethnography is one model that more research related to anthropology, which studies cultural event, which presents a view of life that becomes the object of study subjects. Implementation of ISO 9001-2000 QMS in SMK Negeri 2 Wonogiri has the objective that the management in all public schools to be better quality than before implementing ISO 9001-2000 QMS. The entire school community to implement a quality management with full consciousness without any coercion, so that all targeted areas with high quality. All activities such as admission of new students, teaching and learning activities, the administration of teachers, school administration, finance, facilities, student, evaluation and reporting activities, the absorption of out put by the stakeholders can be monitored easily because all meticulously documented

Biological Control of Schizophyllum Commune Fr. the Seedborne Pathogen of Oil Palm with Antagonistic Bacteria

Schizophyllum commune Fr. is one of the most important seedborne pathogens of oil palm. This pathogen can be isolated from fermented fruits, germinated seeds, rotten fruits and infected seeds. The fungus produced papery and leathery compact white mycelia on both sides of the agar plates and often produced basidiocarps (diameter less than 2 cm) with gills on culture plates. The mycelia produced clamp connections with some hyphae having spinulose projections. The width of the hyphae was 2 to 4 μ. Spores produced from basidiocarp were hyaline, cylindrical and single-celled. S. commune grew on PDA medium added 50 g/L of NaCl at 30-35oC optimum temperature but the mycelia became dormant at 45oC. The fungus grew on PDA medium at pH 5 to 6 and was resistant to 1% sodium hypochloride.Inoculation of S. commune Fr. on non germinating oil palm seeds by contact was found to cause a significant decrease of seed germination to 64.3%. Mycelia covered the germ pores of seeds and penetrated the germ pore to reach the surface of seed kernel. Inoculation of non germinating seeds produced abnormal seedlings, inhibition of germ tube elongation and brown discoloration of plumule and radicle. Inoculation of germinating seeds resulted in stunted growth of seedlings, decreased root growth and reduction in both fresh and dry weights. Histological study of the infected seeds indicated that the mycelia penetrated the rotted fruit to reach the testa through germ pores. Mycelium was unable to directly penetrate the endocarp. In advanced seed infection, white mycelia colonized the surface of seed kernel. Mycelia infected the surface of the testa without formation of ‘appressorium’ to support absorption to the surface of the kernel nor produced ‘haustorium’ for absorption of nutrient from the host. Eight out of 40 bacterial isolates from rotten fruits and infected seeds were found to inhibit the radial growth of S. commune in the range 42.9–79.8% and spore germination. The 8 antagonistic bacterial isolates were clustered into 5 species by Biolog® Identification System and they were Bacillus thermoglucosidasius, Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Serratia sp. B. cepacia and Serratia sp. grew on NA medium containing 4% and 6% salt concentration respectively. Both species were able to grow on Nutrient Agar (NA) medium that were incubated at 40oC. Both species grew on NA medium containing 0.5% and 2% sodium hypochloride respectively. Both B. cepacia and Serratia sp. grew on NA medium with pH range 4-8. Dipped vacuum treatment of antagonistic bacteria at 400 mm Hg vac. for 2 minutes significantly reduced the internal infection of the inoculated non germinating oil palm seeds. B. cepacia and Serratia sp. significantly increased percentage of seed germination. Dipped vacuum treatment was also used to treat inoculated germinating seeds at 150 mm Hg Vac. for 2 minutes. The results showed that B. cepacia reduced seedling infection

Quantitative measurements of the thermopower of Andreev interferometers

Using a new second derivative technique and thermometers which enable us to determine the local electron temperature in a mesoscopic metallic sample, we have obtained quantitative measurements of the low temperature field and temperature dependent thermopower of Andreev interferometers. As in previous experiments, the thermopower is found to oscillate as a function of magnetic field. The temperature dependence of the thermopower is nonmonotonic, with a minimum at a temperature of $\simeq0.5$ K. These results are discussed from the perspective of Andreev reflection at the normal-metal/superconductor interface.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Thermopower Oscillation Symmetries in a Double-Loop Andreev Interferrometer

Andreev interferometers, normal metal wires coupled to superconducting loops, display phase coherent changes as the magnetic flux through the superconducting loops is altered. Properties such as the electronic and thermal conductance of these devices have been shown to oscillate symmetrically about zero with a period equal to one superconducting flux quantum, $\Phi_o = h/2e$. However, the thermopower of these devices can oscillate symmetrically or antisymmetrically depending on the geometry of the sample, a phenomenon not well understood theoretically. Here we report on thermopower measurements of a double-loop Andreev interferometer where two Josephson currents in the normal metal wire may be controlled independently. The amplitude and symmetries of the observed thermopower oscillations may help to illuminate the unexplained dependence of oscillation symmetry on sample geometry.Comment: 6 Pages, 5 figures, to appear in Physica

Nucleation of superconductivity in mesoscopic star-shaped superconductors

We study the phase transition of a star-shaped superconductor, which covers smoothly the range from zero to two dimensions with respect to the superconducting coherence length. Detailed measurements and numerical calculations show that the nucleation of superconductivity in this device is very inhomogeneous, resulting in rich structure in the superconducting transition as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The superconducting order parameter is strongly enhanced and mostly robust in regions close to multiple boundaries.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, E-mail addresses: [email protected] (V. Chandrasekhar), [email protected] (J. T. Devreese

Magnetic extrema in electronic susceptibility and heat capacity of mesoscopic systems

Oscillating behaviour of the susceptibility and heat capacity is considered for normal and superconducting mesoscopic systems (nanoclusters and quantum dots). It is proved that at low temperature an increasing magnetic field applied to a mesoscopic system generates local extrema of the susceptibility and heat capacity. A maximum for the susceptibility and a minimum for heat capacity simultaneously arise in those points of the field where crossings of quantum levels of the normal and superconducting mesoscopic systems take place.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Novel pinning phenomena in a superconducting film with a square lattice of artificial pinning centers

We study the transport properties of a superconducting Nb film with a square lattice of artificial pinning centers (APCs) as a function of dc current, at a temperature close to the superconducting transition temperature of the film. We find that, at low dc currents, the differential resistance of the film shows the standard matching field anomaly, that is, the differential resistance has a local minimum at magnetic fields corresponding to an integer number of flux lines per APC. However, at higher dc currents, the differential resistance at each matching field turns to a local maximum, which is exactly opposite to the low current behavior. This novel effect might indicate that the flux lines in the APC system change their flow mode as the dc current is increased.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure