Pengelolaan Laboratorium Fisika Sma Rsbi (Studi Situs di SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik tata ruang laboratorium fisika di SMA Negeri 1 Kabupaten Boyolali. (2) Untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik pengadaan alat dan bahan laboratorium fisika di SMA Negeri 1 Kabupaten Boyolali. (3) Untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik pelaporan kegiatan laboratorium fisika di SMA Negeri 1 Kabupaten Boyolali. Lokasi penelitian ini di SMA Negeri 1 Kabupaten Boyolali. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Untuk memperoleh data dalam penelitian digunakan pengamatan, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Model analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis data tertata dalam situs untuk deskripsi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Tata letak ruang laboratorium fisikaterletak bersebelahan dengan laboratorium Kimia seluas 48m 2 . Tata letak laboratorium fisika SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali, telah dikelola dengan baik dan sehigga mampu memberikan dan memupuk keberanian untuk mencari hakikat kebenaran ilmiah dari sesuatu obyek dalam lingkungan alam dan lingkungan sosial, menambah keterampilan dalam menggunakan alat dan media yang tersedia untuk mencari dan menemukan kebenaran, dapat memupuk rasa ingin tahu siswa sebagai modal sikap ilmiah seorang calon ilmuwan, mampu memupuk dan membina rasa percaya diri sebagai akibat keterampilan yang diperoleh, penemuan yang didapat dalam proses kegiatan kerja laborat. (2) Pengadaan alat dan bahan untuk keperluan pembelajaran fisika di SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali, direncanakan oleh guru fisika, dibuatsetiap akhir tahun, digunakan sebagai bahan penyusunan rencana anggaran pendapatan dan belanja sekolah (RAPBS). Perencanaan pengadaan alat merupakan usulan kebutuhan alat dan bahan secara terperinci, selain usulan pengadaan alat dan bahan dalam usulan pengadaan bahan direncanakan kebutuhan perawatan dan perbaikan alat. (3) Pelaporan kegiatan laboratorium fisika merupakan bagian dari evaluasi penggunaan sarana dan prasarana yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah berdasarkan laporan tahunan, laporan semester dan laporan triwulan dan laporan bulanan keadaan sarana dan prasarana praktek fisika dan penggunaan bahan praktek yang dibuat oleh guru

Les savoirs d’expérience : épistémologie de leurs tout premiers moments

La notion de représentation, et surtout celle du changement de représentation, sont centrales aux savoirs d’expérience. Diverses étapes relatives à ce changement ont été identifiées, mais l’épistémologie de « leurs tout premiers moments » semble particulièrement important. Dans cet article, nous proposons l’étude d’un antécédent possible au changement de représentation : l’expérience du il y a. Cette expérience rejoindrait en partie les phases de l’impulsion (Dewey), du dégel (Lewin), d’accommodation (Piaget) et de l’appréhension (Kolb) ; cependant, elle leur serait ontologiquement antérieure. Mais comment cet antécédent expérientiel se retrouverait-il effectivement dans les changements de représentation antérieurs à l’acquisition des savoirs d’expérience ?The concept of representation and that of representational change are central to the notion of experiential knowledge. Various stages of this change were identified, however the epistemology of “their initial moments” seems to be particularly important. In this article, the author proposes a study of one possible antecedent of representational change: the experience of “there is”. This notion is linked in part to impulsion phases (Dewey), to defrosting (Lewin), to accommodation (Piaget), and to apprehension (Kolb) : however, this notion is seen as ontologically antecedent. The question asked is: how can this experiential antecedent be found in representational change prior to the acquisition of experiential knowledge?La noción de representación, y sobre todo la del cambio de representación, son al centro de los saberes de experiencia. Se identificaron diversas etapas relacionadas con este cambio, pero la epistemología de “sus primeros momentos de todos” parece ser particularmente importante. En este artículo, proponemos el estudio de un posible antecedente al cambio de representación : la experiencia del hay. Esta experiencia se acercaría en parte a las fases de la impulsión (Dewey), del deshielo (Lewin), de acomodación (Piaget) y de aprehensión (Kolb) ; sin embargo, sería ontológicamente anterior a ellas. ¿Pero cómo este antecedente experiencial podría efectivamente encontrarse en los cambios de representación anteriores a la adquisición de los saberes de experiencia

Reseñas

Guillemette BOLENS, Le style des gestes. Corporéité et kinésie dans le récit littérair

Constructing Turkish “exceptionalism”: Discourses of liminality and hybridity in post-Cold War Turkish foreign policy

Cataloged from PDF version of article.This article examines the discursive practices that enable the construction of Turkish “exceptionalism.” It argues that in an attempt to play the mediator/peacemaker role as an emerging power, the Turkish elite construct an “exceptionalist” identity that portrays Turkey in a liminal state. This liminality and thus the “exceptionalist” identity it creates, is rooted in the hybridization of Turkey’s geographical and historical characteristics. The Turkish foreign policy elite make every effort to underscore Turkey’s geography as a meeting place of different continents. Historically, there has also been an ongoing campaign to depict Turkey’s past as “multicultural” and multi-civilizational. These constructions of identity however, run counter to the Kemalist nation-building project, which is based on “purity” in contrast to “hybridity” both in terms of historiography and practice

The Metamorphosis of Metaphors of Vision: "Bridging" Turkey's Location, Role and Identity after the end of the Cold War

Cataloged from PDF version of article.During the Cold War, "buffer" or "bastion" seemed a popular metaphor to describe Turkey. After the Cold War, "bridge," (and, to some extent, the "crossroad") metaphor started to dominate the Turkish foreign policy Di{dotless}scourse. This article traces the use of "bridge" metaphor in this Di{dotless}scourse in the post-Cold War period by the Turkish foreign policy elite. It develops two arguments. First, the word bridge is a "metaphor of vision" combining Turkey's perceived geographical exceptionalism with an identity and a role at the international level. As a "metaphor of vision," the employment of the word "bridge" highlighted Turkey's liminality and justified some of its foreign policy actions to Eurasia and then to the Middle East. Second, because the bridge metaphor was used in different context to justify different foreign policy choices, its meaning has changed, illustrating that metaphors are not static constructs. It concludes by Sayi{dotless}ng that the continuous use of "bridge" metaphor might reinforce Turkey's "liminality," placing Turkey in a less classifiable category than the regular "othering" practices. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Gesture-Based Robot Path Shaping

For many individuals, aging is frequently associated with diminished mobility and dexterity. Such decreases may be accompanied by a loss of independence, increased burden to caregivers, or institutionalization. It is foreseen that the ability to retain independence and quality of life as one ages will increasingly depend on environmental sensing and robotics which facilitate aging in place. The development of ubiquitous sensing strategies in the home underpins the promise of adaptive services, assistive robotics, and architectural design which would support a person\u27s ability to live independently as they age. Instrumentation (sensors and processing) which is capable of recognizing the actions and behavioral patterns of an individual is key to the effective component design in these areas. Recognition of user activity and the inference of user intention may be used to inform the action plans of support systems and service robotics within the environment. Automated activity recognition involves detection of events in a sensor data stream, conversion to a compact format, and classification as one of a known set of actions. Once classified, an action may be used to elicit a specific response from those systems designed to provide support to the user. It is this response that is the ultimate use of recognized activity. Hence, the activity may be considered as a command to the system. Extending this concept, a set of distinct activities in the form of hand and arm gestures may form the basis of a command interface for human-robot interaction. A gesture-based interface of this type promises an intuitive method for accessing computing and other assistive resources so as to promote rapid adoption by elderly, impaired, or otherwise unskilled users. This thesis includes a thorough survey of relevant work in the area of machine learning for activity and gesture recognition. Previous approaches are compared for their relative benefits and limitations. A novel approach is presented which utilizes user-generated feedback to rate the desirability of a robotic response to gesture. Poorly rated responses are altered so as to elicit improved ratings on subsequent observations. In this way, responses are honed toward increasing effectiveness. A clustering method based on the Growing Neural Gas (GNG) algorithm is used to create a topological map of reference nodes representing input gesture types. It is shown that learning of desired responses to gesture may be accelerated by exploiting well-rewarded actions associated with reference nodes in a local neighborhood of the growing neural gas topology. Significant variation in the user\u27s performance of gestures is interpreted as a new gesture for which the system must learn a desired response. A method for allowing the system to learn new gestures while retaining past training is also proposed and shown to be effective

Human factors in X-ray image inspection of passenger Baggage – Basic and applied perspectives

The X-ray image inspection of passenger baggage contributes substantially to aviation security and is best understood as a search and decision task: Trained security officers – so called screeners – search the images for threats among many harmless everyday objects, but the recognition of objects in X-ray images and therefore the decision between threats and harmless objects can be difficult. Because performance in this task depends on often difficult recognition, it is not clear to what extent basic research on visual search can be generalized to X-ray image inspection. Manuscript 1 of this thesis investigated whether X-ray image inspection and a traditional visual search task depend on the same visual-cognitive abilities. The results indicate that traditional visual search tasks and X-ray image inspection depend on different aspects of common visual-cognitive abilities. Another gap between basic research on visual search and applied research on X-ray image inspection is that the former is typically conducted with students and the latter with professional screeners. Therefore, these two populations were compared, revealing that professionals performed better in X-ray image inspection, but not the visual search task. However, there was no difference between students and professionals regarding the importance of the visual-cognitive abilities for either task. Because there is some freedom in the decision whether a suspicious object should be declared as a threat or as harmless, the results of X-ray image inspection in terms of hit and false alarm rate depend on the screeners’ response tendency. Manuscript 2 evaluated whether three commonly used detection measures – ${d}'$, ${A}'$, and ${d}_{a}$ – are a valid representation of detection performance that is independent from response tendency. The results were consistently in favor of da with a slope parameter of around 0.6. In Manuscript 3 it was further shown that screeners can change their response tendency to increase the detection of novel threats. Also, screeners with a high ability to recognize everyday objects detected more novel threats when their response tendency was manipulated. The thesis further addressed changes that screeners face due to technological developments. Manuscript 4 showed that screeners can inspect X-ray images for one hour straight without a decrease in performance under conditions of remote cabin baggage screening, which means that X-ray image inspection is performed in a quiet room remote from the checkpoint. These screeners did not show a lower performance, but reported more distress, compared to screeners who took a 10 min break after every 20 min of screening. Manuscript 5 evaluated detection systems for cabin baggage screening (EDSCB). EDSCB only increased the detection of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) for inexperienced screeners if alarms by the EDSCB were indicated on the image and the screeners had to decide whether a threat was present or not. The detection of mere explosives, which lack the triggering device of IEDs, was only increased if the screeners could not decide against an alarm by the EDSCB. Manuscript 6 used discrete event simulation to evaluate how EDSCB impacts the throughput of passenger baggage screening. Throughput decreased with increasing false alarm rate of the EDSCB. However, fast alarm resolution processes and screeners with a low false alarm rate increased throughput. Taken together, the present findings contribute to understanding X-ray image inspection as a task with a search and decision component. The findings provide insights into basic aspects like the required visual-cognitive abilities and valid measures of detection performance, but also into applied research questions like for how long X-ray image inspection can be performed and how automation can assist with the detection of explosives