8,853 research outputs found
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How Different is Wireless Access? Implications for Internet Mergers
Network hierarchies in the Internet are often not fixed: two providers can be simultaneously input supplier and retailer in a routing process, while being horizontally competing in another. We introduce a stylised network model capturing these aspects of the Internet to study the impact of differentiation introduced by wireless access on prices and profits. We then study the incentives for, and welfare impact of, a merger between the wireless provider and a local bottleneck fixed access one. These effects crucially depend on the degree of differentiation between the wireless and fixed Internet access modalities. Pricing, at each router, follows the motorway toll metaphor
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On the Evolution of Regional Asymmetries
The paper models the evolution of regional asymmetries, and the associated intra-distribution mobility, as the outcome of adoption decisions taken by firms at different locations. The following equilibria are characterised: Persistent asymmetry where nobody adopts, Leapfrogging where low-quality firms adopt, Forging ahead where high-quality firms adopt, and Catching up where everybody adopts. The paper studies the impact of economic integration on these equilibria and the evolution of technological asymmetries as well as intra-distribution mobility. In equilibrium, the regional intra-distribution Mobility is described by fluctuations between periods of Leapfrogging, Forging ahead and Catching up
Separability conditions from entropic uncertainty relations
We derive a collection of separability conditions for bipartite systems of
dimensions d X d which is based on the entropic version of the uncertainty
relations. A detailed analysis of the two-qubit case is given by comparing the
new separability conditions with existing criteria.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure (Typos removed. To appear in Phys. Rev. A
Limits to clock synchronization induced by completely dephasing communication channels
Clock synchronization procedures are analyzed in the presence of imperfect
communications. In this context we show that there are physical limitations
which prevent one from synchronizing distant clocks when the intervening medium
is completely dephasing, as in the case of a rapidly varying dispersive medium.Comment: 6 Pages. Revised version as published in PR
A Protocol For Cooling and Controlling Composite Systems by Local Interactions
We discuss an explicit protocol which allows one to externally cool and
control a composite system by operating on a small subset of it. The scheme
permits to transfer arbitrary and unknown quantum states from a memory on the
network ("upload access") as well as the inverse ("download access"). In
particular it yields a method for cooling the system.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures: in "Quantum Information and Many Body Quantum
Systems", proceedings, M. Ericsson and S. Montangero (eds.), Pisa, Edizioni
della Normale, p. 17 (2008
The role of entanglement in dynamical evolution
Entanglement or entanglement generating interactions permit to achieve the
maximum allowed speed in the dynamical evolution of a composite system, when
the energy resources are distributed among subsystems. The cases of
pre-existing entanglement and of entanglement-building interactions are
separately addressed. The role of classical correlations is also discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure. Revised versio
Antitrust Analysis for the Internet Upstream Market: a BGP Approach
In this paper we study concentration in the European Internet upstream access market. Measurement of market concentration depends on correctly defining the market, but this is not always possible as Antitrust authorities often lack reliable pricing and traffic data. We present an alternative approach based on the inference of the Internet Operators interconnection policies using micro-data sourced from their Border Gateway Protocol tables. Firstly we propose a price-independent algorithm for defining both the vertical and geographical relevant market boundaries, then we calculate market concentration indexes using two novel metrics. These assess, for each undertaking, both its role in terms of essential network facility and of wholesale market dominance. The results, applied to four leading Internet Exchange Points in London, Amsterdam, Frankfurt and Milan, show that some vertical segments of these markets are extremely competitive, while others are highly concentrated, putting them within the special attention category of the Merger Guidelines
Thermodynamics of discrete quantum processes
We define thermodynamic configurations and identify two primitives of
discrete quantum processes between configurations for which heat and work can
be defined in a natural way. This allows us to uncover a general second law for
any discrete trajectory that consists of a sequence of these primitives,
linking both equilibrium and non-equilibrium configurations. Moreover, in the
limit of a discrete trajectory that passes through an infinite number of
configurations, i.e. in the reversible limit, we recover the saturation of the
second law. Finally, we show that for a discrete Carnot cycle operating between
four configurations one recovers Carnot's thermal efficiency.Comment: 14pages, 9 figure
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