Le MSP face à la violence verbale des adolescents

Faire face à un groupe d’adolescents n’est pas toujours chose aisée. Il est difficile de gérer certaines situations, même en ayant un peu d’expérience, de « bouteille ». J’ai recherché dans ce travail à faire un tour d’horizon des différents outils dont le MSP peut tirer avantage afin de s’extraire au mieux de ces situations et de durer dans ce métier qui demande beaucoup de patience, d’autocritique et de persévérance. Deux axes ont été approchés : d’un côté, l’axe formatif avec des solutions plus pédagogiques, et de l’autre, un axe normatif pouvant rimer avec cadre, sanction et loi suisse. Ces deux axes complémentaires peuvent contenir des outils qui aideront certainement le professionnel novice ou mal à l’aise avec les situations de violence verbale

Sida, souffrance et relation d'aide...

Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’obtention de mon diplôme d’infirmière. Il s’agit d’une recherche initiale de type exploratoire pour comprendre comment le soignant accompagne le séropositif en souffrance tout en gérant la relation d’aide pour lui apporter un soutien efficace. Ce mémoire identifie les moyens de gestion de la relation d’aide des infirmiers face aux séropositifs en souffrance dans un contexte de soins chroniques. L’étude comprend cinq professionnels qui exercent dans un milieu accueillant spécifiquement des individus séropositifs quels que soient le stade de la maladie et le mode de transmission. Les données ont été récoltées à l’aide d’un entretien semi-directif pour recueillir des informations riches et profondes. Après avoir retranscrit et classé les données du terrain, une analyse descriptive a permis d’identifier tous les angles d’un thème observé. Les résultats de l’analyse sont homogènes et ont permis de répondre à la question de recherche. Il en est ressorti que l’efficacité de la relation d’aide dépend notamment de la connaissance de ses limites et de la problématique et du degré d’authenticité et d’empathie avec le patient. Tous ces moyens de gestion sont interdépendants et influencés par l’ambiance au sein de l’équipe soignante

Sexualité des personnes âgées en EMS: un tabou dans les soins : quelle prise en charge ? une revue de la littérature

OBJECTIFS : Comprendre l’influence de l’institution et des professionnels de la santé sur la sexualité de la personne âgée vivant en EMS. RÉSULTATS : Après application des critères d’inclusion et d’exclusion définis au préalable huit (8) études et articles de recherche ont été sélectionnés pour la construction de l’analyse. Parmi ces résultats, deux sont des rapports de recherche empirique, trois sont des revues de la littérature, deux sont des articles de revues scientifiques et le dernier est le compte rendu d’un congrès. CONCLUSIONS : La sexualité des personnes âgées est encore très taboue et entourée de nombreux mythes et stéréotypes. Les résultats de la recherche indiquent que les EMS et les soignants peuvent avoir une importante influence négative sur l’épanouissement sexuel des résidants et sur l’expression de besoins sexuels par les résidants. IMPLICATIONS POUR LA PRATIQUE : Les professionnels travaillant auprès de la personne âgée doivent bénéficier de formations afin de connaître et de comprendre les besoins sexuels du sujet âgé pour pouvoir adopter des attitudes positives envers la sexualité des seniors et offrir une prise en charge de qualité

Privacy in the Genomic Era

Genome sequencing technology has advanced at a rapid pace and it is now possible to generate highly-detailed genotypes inexpensively. The collection and analysis of such data has the potential to support various applications, including personalized medical services. While the benefits of the genomics revolution are trumpeted by the biomedical community, the increased availability of such data has major implications for personal privacy; notably because the genome has certain essential features, which include (but are not limited to) (i) an association with traits and certain diseases, (ii) identification capability (e.g., forensics), and (iii) revelation of family relationships. Moreover, direct-to-consumer DNA testing increases the likelihood that genome data will be made available in less regulated environments, such as the Internet and for-profit companies. The problem of genome data privacy thus resides at the crossroads of computer science, medicine, and public policy. While the computer scientists have addressed data privacy for various data types, there has been less attention dedicated to genomic data. Thus, the goal of this paper is to provide a systematization of knowledge for the computer science community. In doing so, we address some of the (sometimes erroneous) beliefs of this field and we report on a survey we conducted about genome data privacy with biomedical specialists. Then, after characterizing the genome privacy problem, we review the state-of-the-art regarding privacy attacks on genomic data and strategies for mitigating such attacks, as well as contextualizing these attacks from the perspective of medicine and public policy. This paper concludes with an enumeration of the challenges for genome data privacy and presents a framework to systematize the analysis of threats and the design of countermeasures as the field moves forward

Extreme temperature sensing using Brillouin scattering in optical fibers

Stimulated Brillouin scattering in silica-based optical fibers may be considered from two different and complementary standpoints. For a physicist, this interaction of light and pressure wave in a material, or equivalently in quantum theory terms between photons and phonons, gives some glimpses of the atomic structure of the solid and of its vibration modes. For an applied engineer, the same phenomenon may be put to good use as a sensing mechanism for distributed measurements, thanks to the dependence of the scattered light on external parameters such as the temperature, the pressure or the strain applied to the fiber. As far as temperature measurements are concerned, Brillouin-based distributed sensors have progressively gained wide recognition as efficient systems, even if their rather high cost still restricts the number of their applications. Yet they are generally used in a relatively narrow temperature range around the usual ambient temperature; in this domain, the frequency of the scattered light increases linearly with the increase in temperature. The extension of this range toward higher (up to 800°C) and lower (down to 1 K) temperature is the main aim of this thesis. In both cases, our measurements on various fiber samples show that the aforementioned linearity does not hold. Most notably, the characteristics of Brillouin scattering at low and very low temperature are strikingly different from those observed under normal conditions; they are directly related to the disordered nature of the silica that constitutes the fiber, what motivates the large place we here devote to the physics of amorphous solids. Despite the observed nonlinearities, our results demonstrate the feasibility of thermometry based on Brillouin scattering over the full investigated temperature range. We can thus swap in the last part of this work the physicist's point of view for that of an engineer and present the setup and the performances of a sensor, or rather of a whole family of sensors we have tested and improved in the course of the last few years; moreover, some real measurement examples are given. Finally, we propose some possibilities of further enhancement, that remain right now at the preliminary stage of their development

Substantial inter-subject variability in blood pressure responses to glucose in a healthy, non-obese population

Aim: A large inter-subject variability in the blood pressure (BP) response to glucose drinks has been reported. However, the underlying factors remain elusive and we hypothesized that accompanying changes in glucose metabolism affect these BP responses.Methods: Cardiovascular and glycemic changes in response to a standard 75 g oral-glucose-tolerance-test were investigated in 30 healthy, non-obese males. Continuous cardiovascular monitoring, including beat-to-beat BP, electrocardiographically deduced heart rate and impedance cardiography, was performed during a 30 min baseline and continued up to 120 min after glucose ingestion. Blood samples were taken at baseline, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min for the assessment of glucose, insulin and c-peptide. Additionally, we evaluated body composition by using validated bioelectrical impedance techniques.Results: Individual overall changes (i.e., averages over 120 min) for systolic BP ranged from −4.9 to +4.7 mmHg, where increases and decreases were equally distributed (50%). Peak changes (i.e., peak averages over 10 min intervals) for systolic BP ranged from −1.3 to +9.5 mmHg, where 93% of subjects increased systolic BP above baseline values (similar for diastolic BP) whilst 63% of subjects increased peak systolic BP by more than 4 mmHg. Changes in peak systolic BP were negatively associated with the calculated Matsuda-index of insulin sensitivity (r = −0.39, p = 0.04) but with no other evaluated parameter including body composition. Moreover, besides a trend toward an association between overall changes in systolic BP and total fat mass percentage (r = +0.32, p = 0.09), no association was found between other body composition parameters and overall BP changes.Conclusion: Substantial inter-subject variability in BP changes was observed in a healthy, non-obese subpopulation in response to an oral glucose load. In 63% of subjects, peak systolic BP increased by more than a clinically relevant 4 mmHg. Peak systolic BP changes, but not overall BP changes, correlated with insulin sensitivity, with little influence of body composition