Low-noise top-gate graphene transistors

We report results of experimental investigation of the low-frequency noise in the top-gate graphene transistors. The back-gate graphene devices were modified via addition of the top gate separated by 20 nm of HfO2 from the single-layer graphene channels. The measurements revealed low flicker noise levels with the normalized noise spectral density close to 1/f (f is the frequency) and Hooge parameter below 2 x 10^-3. The analysis of the noise spectral density dependence on the top and bottom gate biases helped us to elucidate the noise sources in these devices and develop a strategy for the electronic noise reduction. The obtained results are important for all proposed graphene applications in electronics and sensors.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Invariant Criterion for the Design of Multiple Beam Profile Emittance and Twiss Parameters Measurement Sections

We introduce and give examples of applications of an optimality criterion which can be used for the design and comparison of multiple beam profile emittance and Twiss parameters measurement sections and which is independent from the position of the reconstruction point.Comment: 3 pages, IPAC1

Relations between Projected Emittances and Eigenemittances

We give necessary and sufficient conditions that two sets of positive real numbers must satisfy in order to be realizable as eigenemittances and projected emittances of a beam matrix. The information provided by these conditions sets limits on what one can to achieve when designing a beam line to perform advanced emittance manipulations.Comment: 3 pages, IPAC1

Possibilities for reduction of transverse projected emittances by partial removal of transverse to longitudinal beam correlations

We show that if in the particle beam there are linear correlations between energy of particles and their transverse positions and momenta (linear beam dispersions), then the transverse projected emittances always can be reduced by letting the beam to pass through magnetostatic system with specially chosen nonzero lattice dispersions. The maximum possible reduction of the transverse projected emittances occurs when all beam dispersions are zeroed, and the values of the lattice dispersions required for that are completely defined by the values of the beam dispersions and the beam rms energy spread and are independent from any other second-order central beam moments. Besides that, we prove that, alternatively, one can also use the lattice dispersions to remove linear correlations between longitudinal positions of particles and their transverse coordinates (linear beam tilts), but in this situation solution for the lattice dispersions is nonunique and the reduction of the transverse projected emittances is not guaranteed.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure