Effect of Modifying Mechanical Ventilator Trigger Sensitivity on Arterial Blood Gases in ICU Patients

Background: Despite the fact that mechanical ventilation is an essential part in management of critically ill patients, mechanically ventilated patients have a higher risk of complications, which can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Objective: This study aimed to study the effect of training inspiratory muscle through modifying mechanical ventilator (MV) trigger sensitivity on arterial blood gases in mechanically ventilated patients. Patients and Methods: Sixty adult patients diagnosed with acute respiratory failure, needed to be intubated and connected to mechanical ventilated. They were from both gender and their ages ranged from 50 to 70 years. The patient were chosen from Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Department of Chest Diseases, Cairo University Hospitals. They were randomly assigned into two equal groups. Group (A): included thirty patients who received training for inspiratory muscle through modifying MV trigger sensitivity plus usual physical therapy. Group (B): included thirty patients who received usual physical therapy only. Results: The results showed a significant increase in partial arterial pressure (PaO2) in both groups, this increasing was significantly higher in  patients who received training for the inspiratory muscle plus the usual chest physical therapy than patients who only received usual chest physical therapy (P-value < 0.001). The results showed no significant change in neither power of hydrogen (pH) nor partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2). Conclusion: Training to inspiratory muscles in mechanically ventilated patient through modifying mechanical ventilator trigger sensitivity can produce a significant increase in partial arterial pressure (PaO2). Although it has no effect in pH nor PaCO2

PHYSIOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS INDUCED BY ECDYSONE AGONIST METHOXYFENOZIDE ON THE COTTON LEAFWORM, SPODOPTERA LITTORALIS (BOISD.)

Newly ecdysed fourth instar larvae of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) were treated with LC50 of ecdysone agonist methoxyfenozide, to provide better insights into physiological symptoms and aspects induced by it as a mimic to the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-E) action. Larvae ingest methoxyfenozide died within 2-3 days, and being trapped within their excuvae. They stopped feeding shortly before ecdysis. Treatment neither accelerated ecdysis nor ceased feeding, as soon as the larvae ingest such 20-E mimic. The continuous binding of the compound to the ecdysteroid receptors of S. littoralis larvae increased the titre of enzymes regulated by 20-E during the experimental time (3 days). Chitinase and phenoloxidase were activated after 6 and 12 hr from methoxyfenozide administration, respectively. The compound had no effect on chitin production, but endocuticle chitin degradation during moulting might be depressed as illustrated by the presence of higher amount of N-acetylglucosamine in control larvae than methoxyfenozide treated. It is suggested that methoxyfenozide might induces a precocious moult by initiating moulting cycle, but its main toxic effect is due to the fact that its level remains high during moulting and don’t decrease for allowing other hormones necessary for successful moulting to be released

Evaluate some new inbred rice and male sterile varieties under DUS and VCU experiments

The main objective of study are evaluated some new inbred rice and male sterile varieties under Distinct, Uniform and Stability (DUS) and Value of Cultivated and Used (VCU) Experiments. A number of seven rice varieties were used, Sakha 101, Sakha 102, Sakha 104, Giza 177, Giza 178, Giza 182 and Egyptian yasmine; moreover, GZ 10154 and GZ 8564-Sp 70, as well as EGMS and CMS1 as promising lines to evaluating by DUS and VCU. The data were recorded on morphological and yield characters. The results could be concluded that: regarding to qualitative characteristics (PQ and QL), from 24 PQ and QL characters, the nine rice varieties recorded the same score for 19 characters; moreover, the rice varieties Egyptian jasmine was dissimilar in the score No. 24, 39, and 60, that referred to this variety belong to Indica type, while the rice varieties Sakha 101 and Giza 178 were similar only in score no.11, which belong to Japonica and Indica japonica types, that meaning these varieties were highly uniform and stability in qualitative characters than the other promising line GZ 10154. Regarding to quantities characteristics (QN), from 27 QN characters, nine rice varieties recorded the same score for 20 characters; moreover, the rice varieties Sakha 101, Sakha 102, Sakha 104, Giza 177, Giza 178, Giza 182, Egyptian yasmine and GZ 8564-Sp70 were similar in the score no. 1, 12, 23, 48, 49 and 50, while the promising line GZ 10154 was dissimilar in these scores during the two seasons, meaning that all these varieties were highly uniform and stability than the other promising, line GZ 10154. These results were conformed to VCU results, where the studied varieties recorded the highest grain yield/day. From these results could be concluded that all the varieties, except GZ 10154, accepted as a new rice release variety, but the promising line GZ 10154 required to more recurrent selection to increase their uniform, as well as CMS line was accepted could be evaluated under different conditions, but EGMS should be evaluated under heat stress conditions

Expression profiles of catalase gene in common carp exposed to ammonia

Ammonia is one of the most harmful water quality parameters restricting the growth and survival of aquatic living organisms. As a result, fish must adapt to this stressor by modifying physiological processes that are governed by gene expression regulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression profiles of antioxidant related gene, catalase (CAT) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings after exposure to 0.7 mg/l of unionized ammonia (UIA) in water. The relative gene expression was measured in liver, gills, and brain tissues at four time points (12 h, 2 d, 4 d, and 7 d post exposure). The expression level of CAT gene in the liver and brain peaked after 7 d of ammonia exposure by 13.3 and 5.2-folds, respectively, but in gills it upregulated only after 2 d (2.7-folds) and downregulated at the other time points. This study proved that exposure to ammonia affects the antioxidant status of common carp as indicated by the altered levels of expression of CAT gene

Effect of Preform Thickness and Volume Fraction on Injection Pressure and Mechanical Properties of Resin Transfer Molded Composites

An experimental study is performed to characterize the effect of the thickness of random preforms on injection pressure and mechanical properties of resin transfer molded (RTM) parts. Center-gated, disk-shaped parts are molded using two different chopped-strand glass fiber preforms. Both preforms have random microstructure but different planar densities (i.e., different uncompressed layer thicknesses). Tensile strength, short-beam shear strength, and elastic modulus are measured for parts molded with each preform type at three different fiber volume fractions of 6.84, 15.55, and 24.83%. Although mechanical properties are found to increase linearly with volume fraction, significant difference is not observed between disks containing thick and thin mats at equivalent fiber volume fraction.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Effect of Nanoclay Content on Void Morphology in Resin Transfer Molded Composites

Effects of nanoclay content on morphology and spatial distribution of voids in resin transfer molded nanoclay/E-glass/epoxy composite disks are investigated. Closite®25A nanoclay loads of 2, 5, and 10wt% are mixed by sonication with a low-viscosity epoxy resin prior to filling the mold cavity containing 13.6% E-glass preform by volume. A disk without nanoclay is also molded. Once the molded composites are cured, voids on radial composite samples are evaluated via microscopic image analysis. The addition of nanoclay is found to result in a significant increase in the apparent viscosity of the clay-epoxy mixture, thus increasing the molding pressure. Void occurrence is observed to increase considerably with increasing nanoclay content, from 2.1% in the composite without nanoclay to 5.1 and 8.3% in the composites molded with 5 and 10wt% nanoclay, respectively. However, the composite with 2wt% nanoclay yields the lowest void content of 0.7%. Voids are observed to be, in average, smaller after the addition of nanoclay at all nanoclay concentrations. Presence of nanoclay in the impregnating resin induces at least 60% reduction in voids located inside fiber tows, which are trapped by the fluid front motion during impregnation. Irregularly shaped voids are also observed to decrease with increasing nanoclay content. A nonuniform void content and morphology is observed radially, which seems to be affected by the flow kinematics as well as possible breakdown and filtration of clay clusters.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Evidence of Color Coherence Effects in W+jets Events from ppbar Collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV

We report the results of a study of color coherence effects in ppbar collisions based on data collected by the D0 detector during the 1994-1995 run of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider, at a center of mass energy sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV. Initial-to-final state color interference effects are studied by examining particle distribution patterns in events with a W boson and at least one jet. The data are compared to Monte Carlo simulations with different color coherence implementations and to an analytic modified-leading-logarithm perturbative calculation based on the local parton-hadron duality hypothesis.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to Physics Letters

Shrinking a large dataset to identify variables associated with increased risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Western Kenya

Large datasets are often not amenable to analysis using traditional single-step approaches. Here, our general objective was to apply imputation techniques, principal component analysis (PCA), elastic net and generalized linear models to a large dataset in a systematic approach to extract the most meaningful predictors for a health outcome. We extracted predictors for Plasmodium falciparum infection, from a large covariate dataset while facing limited numbers of observations, using data from the People, Animals, and their Zoonoses (PAZ) project to demonstrate these techniques: data collected from 415 homesteads in western Kenya, contained over 1500 variables that describe the health, environment, and social factors of the humans, livestock, and the homesteads in which they reside. The wide, sparse dataset was simplified to 42 predictors of P. falciparum malaria infection and wealth rankings were produced for all homesteads. The 42 predictors make biological sense and are supported by previous studies. This systematic data-mining approach we used would make many large datasets more manageable and informative for decision-making processes and health policy prioritization

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results