Le Phénomène des Enfants de la Rue dans la Société Contemporaine Africaine : Une Etude de la Voix de ma Rue de Sylvain Kean- Zoh et Allah n\u27Est pas Obligé d\u27Ahmadou Kourouma

Les auteurs ont toujours dans leurs perspectives tenter de narrer les faits de la société qui relèvent de leur vécus quotidiens. Ainsi nonbreux sont les auteurs de la période post-indépendante qui s\u27intéressent plûtot à de nouveaux fléaux ravageant la société contemporaine africaine d\u27où le phénomène des enfants de la rue en Afrique. C\u27 est cette dimension de la littérature qui dénonce ce fléau qui attire notre attention sur ce travail. Cette étude analyse le phénomène des enfants de la rue dans la société africaine de nos jours , les risques, dangers de ce fléau devenu récurent à travers la voix de ma rue de Sylvain Kean-Zoh et Allah n\u27est pas obligé d\u27Ahmadou Kourouma. L\u27usage de la sociocritique et la socioréalististe permettent d\u27identifier les aspects, perspectives ,faits politiques, économiques et culturels... pour mettre à nu ce fléau considerable qui relève de nos vécus quotidiens

Examining infrared thermography based approaches to rapid fatigue characterization of additively manufactured compression molded short fiber thermoplastic composites

A novel additive manufacturing (AM) methodology combined with a compression molding (CM) process has been previously developed to optimize the microstructure of short fiber thermoplastic (SFTs) composites with higher fiber alignment and lower porosity, yielding superior stiffness, strength, and structural integrity. The current work examines the efficacy of the ‘passive’ infrared thermography (IRT) techniques for rapid fatigue characterization of SFTs that use the surface temperature evolution during cyclic loading due to self-heating as a fatigue indicator. A comparison of fatigue limits obtained from traditional stress-life (SN) (≈53.1%σuts) and IRT (≈54.1%σuts) shows a close match. However, the SN curve required 18 specimens and two weeks of continuous cyclic testing, while IRT used three specimens with 5 h of testing. Thus, the IRT approach provides an accelerated testing framework for rapidly estimating the fatigue limit. Additionally, existing phenomenological approaches to IRT fatigue characterization have been examined

ASSESSING WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY ALLUVIAL AQUIFER AND COASTAL LOUISIANA THROUGH INTEGRATED AIRBORNE ELECTROMAGNETIC AND BOREHOLE DATA

Numerical modeling has contributed significantly to the understanding of groundwater systems. Many challenges are associated with constructing groundwater models which include an accurate understanding of the geology and aquifer parameters estimation. Traditionally boreholes are a successful way to capture geological features, however, boreholes often have sparse data. Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data allows for efficient and cost-effective surveying of large areas, providing valuable information about the subsurface electrical resistivity. By bridging the gap between boreholes, AEM data offers a broader view of the aquifer system\u27s structure and heterogeneity. However, interpreting geophysical AEM data has uncertainties. Developing a framework to apply the data fusion concept on boreholes and AEM data is one of the challenges addressed in the first part of this study. The framework introduces depth-dependent resistivity thresholds and unsupervised clustering to classify resistivity into lithofacies, reducing interpretation uncertainties. Applied to the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (MRVA), the second most-pumped US aquifer, it improves lithofacies models and reduces estimation uncertainties. Employment of AEM resistivity data in groundwater quality, the second part introduces a transformation from resistivity to subsurface quality using a deep learning model and regression formulas that predict chloride concentration using location, AEM resistivity, borehole data, and water quality data. This method gives us a clear picture of the saltwater plumes in 3D for the first time. By mapping the extent and intensity of salinity in the MRVA aquifer, the model provides valuable insights into the sources and controls of groundwater salinity, supporting proactive water resources management. As the final goal of this study, a detailed groundwater model was constructed based on the complex geological model from the data fusion study. This study generates maps to guide risk-based water management decisions and protect aquifer resources by delineating the cones of depression. Moreover, it highlights the significant influence of increased groundwater pumping on groundwater levels and fresh groundwater, evaluating changes in up-coning from deeper saline aquifers through a coupled flow-transport model which enhances our understanding of groundwater flow and storage responses to excessive withdrawals. Ultimately, these findings offer critical insights for effective groundwater management in regions experiencing substantial pumping pressures

Strategic Rivalries and Civil Conflicts: Analyzing US and Russian Strategies in the MENA Region\u27s Civil Wars

This dissertation examines the often-overlooked motive of strategic denial in major-power interventions in civil wars. It shows that states act not only to advance their own interests but also to prevent rivals from increasing theirs. While traditional realist explanations focus on the pursuit of national interests, whether expanding, consolidating, or maintaining regional influence, my core argument is that preventing an adversary from gaining a foothold or expanding their power can be a key reason for foreign involvement. With reference to realist theories, especially defensive realism, and with insights from liberal humanitarian perspectives, this dissertation demonstrates that major powers are likely to prioritize denying their rivals\u27 interests over simply expanding their own influence. Through a qualitative research design that integrates case studies and historical analysis, this dissertation explores U.S. and Russian interventions in three conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa: Syria, Libya, and Yemen. Each case represents a different level of strategic importance, from high to low. The findings reveal that the scale and type of intervention, whether it involves direct military action, support through proxies, or limited diplomatic moves, correlate with how critical each conflict is perceived to be. When their interests in a conflict are high, states tend to act more direct and forceful; when they are lower, their involvement is generally more measured. By exploring the idea of strategic denial and connecting it to different levels of interest, this dissertation offers new theoretical perspectives on foreign intervention. It also provides practical guidance for understanding and predicting how major powers might act in future conflicts around the world

Advances in tropical climatology–a review

Understanding tropical climatology is essential to comprehending the atmospheric connections between the tropics and extratropical latitudes weather and climate events. In this review paper, we emphasize the advances in key areas of tropical climatology knowledge since the end of the 20th century and offer a summary, assessment, and discussion of previously published literature. Among the key areas analyzed here, we explore the advances in tropical oceanic and atmospheric variability, such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Madden-Julian Oscillation, and how those teleconnection events have helped us to better understand variabilities in tropical monsoons, tropical cyclones, and drought events. We also discuss new concepts incorporated into the study of tropical cyclones, such as rapid intensification, and how those studies are evolving and helping scientists to better prepare and predict hurricanes. Regarding tropical aerosols, we discuss how satellite-based dust detection has improved the comprehension of Saharan dust as a driver of drought in locations far from the dust source region while simultaneously altering tropical cyclone variability. Finally, our review shows that there have been significant advances in tropical hydroclimatic studies in order to better investigate monsoons, flooding, and drought, helping scholars of tropical climatology to better understand its extreme events

Black audiences’ Black-oriented media consumption and attitudes toward Black Nationalism

Black audiences’ media consumption and its relationship to individual well-being are well documented. However, empirical investigations that have examined Black audiences’ media consumption and feelings toward Black Nationalism, or loyalty toward Black community members and community well-being, are limited. Using a cross-sectional sample of US Black adults (N = 2137) from the National Study of American Life (NSAL), the current study drew on social identity and uses and gratifications theories to investigate the relationship. Results suggested a favorable relationship between Black audiences’ increased Black-oriented media consumption and attitudes toward Black Nationalism. Likewise, relevant individual differences, including adherence to racial identity, gender identity, and feelings toward White individuals, were uniquely associated with increased support for Black Nationalism. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of Black-oriented media consumption and well-being

Acoustic characteristics of three English semivowels /l, ɹ, w/ and vowels in young children with and without speech sound disorders

Purpose: The aim of the current study is to examine if the relationship among three semivowel sounds (/l, ɹ, w/) and between the semivowel and the following vowel differs by children\u27s overall speech proficiency, and if this relationship affects listeners’ perceptual judgment of the liquid sounds (/l, ɹ/). The acoustic proximity among the three semivowel sounds and the acoustic characteristics of the following vowel sounds were examined by each child speaker\u27s overall speech sound proficiency and their semivowel accuracy. Methods: A total of 21 monolingual English-speaking children with and without speech sound disorders produced monosyllabic words that include target semivowel sounds in word-initial position in different vowel contexts. Participants were divided into three groups based on overall speech proficiency, as measured by diagnostic status and score on the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation – 3rd Edition. Each semivowel and vowel production was transcribed for accuracy, and F2 and F3 values were extracted at the semivowel midpoints to calculate Euclidean distances (ED) between the three semivowel pairs (/l-w/, /l-ɹ/, and /ɹ-w/). F1 and F2 values extracted at the vowel midpoint were used to examine the characteristics of vowels following the semivowels. Results: Children with typically developing speech with the highest overall speech proficiency demonstrated the largest ED values between all the three semivowel pairs. Larger ED values were also related to a greater likelihood of semivowels /l/ and /ɹ/ being judged as perceptually acceptable. Acoustic characteristics of the following vowels did not differ across children of varying levels of speech proficiency, but did differ by the preceding semivowel context. Conclusions: Acoustic distinction of semivowels differs across children with varying levels of speech proficiency and is predictive of judgements of semivowel accuracy. Acoustic characteristics of the vowels were influenced by the preceding semivowel target, indicating the presence of coarticulation across the semivowel-vowel sequences. Findings support intervention approaches that pair semivowel targets to train children to produce acoustic differentiation between semivowels

Contextualizing Inclusion and Connection in an Absurd World: An Analysis of Albert Camus’ The Plague

Scholars have extensively analyzed Albert Camus’s The Plaque, while interpreting its narrative through existential and absurdist lenses. However, little literature is recorded on how the novel contextualizes themes of inclusion and human connection amidst an absurd world. This study addresses this gap by examining the dynamics of solidarity and shared resistance among the characters within the framework of Camus’s philosophy of the absurd. The aim is to ex-ray how Camus reconciles the tension between the absurd and the human need for meaning through collective action and emotional bonds. A qualitative methodology is employed, involving a close textual analysis of the study’s sample text to identify instances of inclusion and connection. The study is guided by the theoretical framework of Camusian absurdism, which emphasizes the relationship between rebellion and solidarity as responses to existential uncertainty. Findings reveal that Camus portrays inclusion and connection not merely as acts of resistance against the absurd but as pathways to rediscover a semblance of meaning in life. The communal efforts to combat the plague in Oran underscore an important perspective on the human condition where shared struggles transcend the isolation imposed by absurdity. Contributing to extant academic debate, the study presents new viewpoints on the social and philosophical dimensions of Camus’s work. This reinforces discussions on absurdism and its implications for modern existential challenges in an otherwise indifferent world