Neighborhood Care and Neighborhood Bonds:An Unequal Relationship

Research in environmental psychology has found a positive relationship between place bonds and behaviors related to care and maintenance of place. Although this relationship has been analyzed in natural environments, it has been less frequently studied in urban environments and has yielded contradictory results. The aim of this study is to analyze behavior related to care and conservation of neighborhood and its possible relationship to place bonds, as well as to other variables that we think may be important in explaining this behavior. The participants were 407 residents from eight different neighborhoods with different sociodemographic characteristics in one Spanish city. The results indicate that the relationship between attachment and behavior is significant only in residents with higher socioeconomic levels. These findings may help to explain the contradictory results found in the literature. Other variables which are significant in explaining neighborhood care are social norms, residential satisfaction, and support for protection policies. Place identity was not found to be significantly correlated with neighborhood care

Video comprehension in e-learning: Effects of note taking, video format, and working memory

This study examined spontaneous note-taking when studying from expository texts and videos in an experimental remote E-learning environment. Two hundred and ten undergraduates read texts, or watched videos with different cognitive load, to answer comprehension questions, followed by a self-report strategic questionnaire about the tasks previously completed; working memory was assessed face-to-face. The proportion of students who adopted a particular strategy, and specifically, the proportion who took notes, did not significantly vary as a function of presentation format. Strategy contributed to comprehension; compared to passively reading or watching the videos, taking notes significantly improved performance. The efficacy of note-taking did not vary as a function of presentation format, type of video, or working memory capacity. Overall, this study shows that in an e-learning setting, note-taking for digital text and video online expository comprehension is adopted spontaneously by around 40 % of college students, and is equally effective for all formats of instruction. This result is relevant for theories of multimedia comprehension, as well as for applied educational settings.Fil: Marrujo Sucno, Jonathan Gabriel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; ArgentinaFil: González, Federico Martín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Magalí Ayelén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; ArgentinaFil: Muiños, Roberto Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; ArgentinaFil: Burin, Debora Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; Argentin

Financial Self-Efficacy, Frugality, and Life Satisfaction. Does income affect the relationship?

La conducta frugal es un comportamiento centrado en la reducción voluntaria del consumo como resultado del uso ingenioso de los recursos con los que la persona cuenta y de la restricción voluntaria del gasto en nuevos productos y servicios. No obstante, para que el comportamiento frugal sea una alternativa realista, debe estar asociado con elementos psicológicos positivos en lugar de un esfuerzo constante. En este estudio, se analiza la relación entre la conducta frugal, la autoeficacia en el ahorro y la satisfacción con la vida, teniendo en cuenta los recursos económicos de las personas. Se realizaron dos estudios correlacionales con 186 estudiantes universitarios y con 154 participantes de población general, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos en ambos estudios señalan que la realización de conductas de frugalidad requiere que las personas perciban que son capaces de ahorrar y competentes en el aprovechamiento de recursos. También se observaron relaciones significativas entre la conducta frugal y la satisfacción con la vida, no obstante, en el segundo estudio se advirtió que esta relación está moderada por el nivel de ingresos. La conducta frugal se relaciona con mayor satisfacción con la vida en personas con ingresos más altos, pero se relaciona con menor satisfacción con la vida en personas con ingresos más bajos. En conclusión, el consumo frugal puede ser una alternativa positiva de consumo asociada al bienestar, en la medida en que los recursos percibidos y objetivos sean suficientes para que la persona pueda elegir su estilo de consumo

Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes

Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale(1-3). Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter(4); identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation(5,6); analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution(7); describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity(8,9); and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes(8,10-18).Peer reviewe

Comprehensive analysis of chromothripsis in 2,658 human cancers using whole-genome sequencing

Chromothripsis is a mutational phenomenon characterized by massive, clustered genomic rearrangements that occurs in cancer and other diseases. Recent studies in selected cancer types have suggested that chromothripsis may be more common than initially inferred from low-resolution copy-number data. Here, as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we analyze patterns of chromothripsis across 2,658 tumors from 38 cancer types using whole-genome sequencing data. We find that chromothripsis events are pervasive across cancers, with a frequency of more than 50% in several cancer types. Whereas canonical chromothripsis profiles display oscillations between two copy-number states, a considerable fraction of events involve multiple chromosomes and additional structural alterations. In addition to non-homologous end joining, we detect signatures of replication-associated processes and templated insertions. Chromothripsis contributes to oncogene amplification and to inactivation of genes such as mismatch-repair-related genes. These findings show that chromothripsis is a major process that drives genome evolution in human cancer

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Video comprehension in e-learning: Effects of note taking, video format, and working memory

This study examined spontaneous note-taking when studying from expository texts and videos in an experimental remote E-learning environment. Two hundred and ten undergraduates read texts, or watched videos with different cognitive load, to answer comprehension questions, followed by a self-report strategic questionnaire about the tasks previously completed; working memory was assessed face-to-face. The proportion of students who adopted a particular strategy, and specifically, the proportion who took notes, did not significantly vary as a function of presentation format. Strategy contributed to comprehension; compared to passively reading or watching the videos, taking notes significantly improved performance. The efficacy of note-taking did not vary as a function of presentation format, type of video, or working memory capacity. Overall, this study shows that in an e-learning setting, note-taking for digital text and video online expository comprehension is adopted spontaneously by around 40 % of college students, and is equally effective for all formats of instruction. This result is relevant for theories of multimedia comprehension, as well as for applied educational settings.Fil: Marrujo Sucno, Jonathan Gabriel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; ArgentinaFil: González, Federico Martín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Magalí Ayelén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; ArgentinaFil: Muiños, Roberto Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; ArgentinaFil: Burin, Debora Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; Argentin

Relación entre resiliencia psicológica y factores de personalidad en población adolescente

The Purpose of this study is to analyze the relation between psychologic resilience and personality factors in adolescents. It has been used the resilience scale argentinian version (Rodriguez, Pereyra, Gil, Jofré, De Bortoli y Labiano, 2009) and the Big Five Intentory (Castro Solano y Casullo, 2001). The sample was composite by 290 participants, mean age 16,36 year old (TD= 1,26). The statistic analysis evidenced a positive correlation between the self-efficacy ability and the extraversion, responsibility and opening to experience factors. Instead, it is asociated in a negative way with neuroticism. Purpose and sense of life correlate positively with extraversion and responsibility, and negatively with neuroticism. Cognitive avoidance correlates in a positive way with extraversion and negatively with neuroticism. It also was carried out correlations by sex diference.El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre la resiliencia psicológica y los factores de personalidad en adolescentes. Se utilizó la escala de resiliencia versión argentina (Rodriguez, Pereyra, Gil, Jofré, De Bortoli y Labiano, 2009) y el Big Five inventory (Castro Solano y Casullo, 2001). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 290 participantes, edad promedio 16,36 años (DT = 1,26). El análisis estadístico evidenció una correlación positiva entre la capacidad de autoeficacia y el factor de extraversión, de responsabilidad y apertura a la experiencia. En cambio, se encuentra asociado de manera negativa con neuroticismo. La capacidad de propósito y sentido de vida correlaciona positivamente con extraversión y responsabilidad y negativamente con neuroticismo. Evitación cognitiva correlaciona de manera positiva con extraversión y de manera negativa con neuroticismo. Se llevó a cabo también correlaciones por diferencia de sexos

Autoeficacia en el ahorro, frugalidad y satisfacción vital. ¿Influyen los ingresos en su relación?

La conducta frugal es un comportamiento centrado en la reducción voluntaria del consumo como resultado del uso ingenioso de los recursos con los que la persona cuenta y de la restricción voluntaria del gasto en nuevos productos y servicios. No obstante, para que el comportamiento frugal sea una alternativa realista, debe estar asociado con elementos psicológicos positivos en lugar de un esfuerzo constante. En este estudio, se analiza la relación entre la conducta frugal, la autoeficacia en el ahorro y la satisfacción con la vida, teniendo en cuenta los recursos económicos de las personas. Se realizaron dos estudios correlacionales con 186 estudiantes universitarios y con 154 participantes de población general, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos en ambos estudios señalan que la realización de conductas de frugalidad requiere que las personas perciban que son capaces de ahorrar y competentes en el aprovechamiento de recursos. También se observaron relaciones significativas entre la conducta frugal y la satisfacción con la vida, no obstante, en el segundo estudio se advirtió que esta relación está moderada por el nivel de ingresos. La conducta frugal se relaciona con mayor satisfacción con la vida en personas con ingresos más altos, pero se relaciona con menor satisfacción con la vida en personas con ingresos más bajos. En conclusión, el consumo frugal puede ser una alternativa positiva de consumo asociada al bienestar, en la medida en que los recursos percibidos y objetivos sean suficientes para que la persona pueda elegir su estilo de consumo

Genetic association of gastric cancer with miRNA clusters including the cancer-related genes MIR29, MIR25, MIR93 and MIR106: Results from the EPIC-EURGAST study

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional gene regulators involved in a wide range of biological processes including tumorigenesis. Deregulation of miRNA pathways has been associated with cancer but the contribution of their genetic variability to this disorder is poorly known. We analyzed the genetic association of gastric cancer (GC) and its anatomical and histological subtypes, with 133 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging 15 isolated miRNAs and 24 miRNA clusters potentially involved in cancer, in 365 GC cases and 1,284 matched controls within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Various SNPs were associated with GC under the log-additive model. Furthermore, several of these miRNAs passed the gene-based permutation test when analyzed according to GC subtypes: three tagSNPs of the miR-29a/miR-29b-1 cluster were associated with diffuse subtype (minimum p-value=1.7 x 10(-4); odds ratio, OR=1.72; 95% confidence interval, CI=1.30-2.28), two tagSNPs of the miR-25/miR-93/miR-106b cluster were associated with cardia GC (minimum p-value=5.38 x 10(-3); OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.37-0.86) and one tagSNP of the miR-363/miR-92a-2/miR-19b-2/miR-20b/miR-18b/miR-106a cluster was associated with noncardia GC (minimum p-value=5.40 x 10(-3); OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.12-1.78). Some functionally validated target genes of these miRNAs are implicated in cancer-related processes such as methylation (DNMT3A, DNMT3B), cell cycle (E2F1, CDKN1A, CDKN1C), apoptosis (BCL2L11, MCL1), angiogenesis (VEGFA) and progression (PIK3R1, MYCN). Furthermore, we identified genetic interactions between variants tagging these miRNAs and variants in their validated target genes. Deregulation of the expression of these miRNAs in GC also supports our findings, altogether suggesting for the fist time that genetic variation in MIR29, MIR25, MIR93 and MIR106b may have a critical role in genetic susceptibility to GC and could contribute to the molecular mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis