73 research outputs found
Construction of a virtual reality learning environment for teaching structural analysis.
ABSTRACT: This article discusses applying virtual reality (VR) to civil engineering education. It first describes the difficulties of teaching structural analysis in the traditional classroom setting and then outlines the potentials and limitations of using VR for civil engineering education. A VR-based learning center has been developed for structural analysis curriculum, and its design, development, and evaluation are reported
Malignant mesenchymal tumor with leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and osteosarcoma differentiation: case report and literature review
A case of malignant mesenchymoma of the bladder containing leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and myxomatous components is described. The primary pedunculated tumor measuring 14 × 13 × 7 cm and weighing 343 g arose from the left trigone of the bladder and was treated by total cystectomy. The histogenesis of malignant mesenchymomas and their optimal management strategy and prognosis remain uncertain. Herein, we present the fifth case of malignant mesenchymoma of the urinary bladder to be reported in the literature, which presented five unrelated differentiated tissues more than did previously reported cases
Visually Grounded Commonsense Knowledge Acquisition
Large-scale commonsense knowledge bases empower a broad range of AI
applications, where the automatic extraction of commonsense knowledge (CKE) is
a fundamental and challenging problem. CKE from text is known for suffering
from the inherent sparsity and reporting bias of commonsense in text. Visual
perception, on the other hand, contains rich commonsense knowledge about
real-world entities, e.g., (person, can_hold, bottle), which can serve as
promising sources for acquiring grounded commonsense knowledge. In this work,
we present CLEVER, which formulates CKE as a distantly supervised
multi-instance learning problem, where models learn to summarize commonsense
relations from a bag of images about an entity pair without any human
annotation on image instances. To address the problem, CLEVER leverages
vision-language pre-training models for deep understanding of each image in the
bag, and selects informative instances from the bag to summarize commonsense
entity relations via a novel contrastive attention mechanism. Comprehensive
experimental results in held-out and human evaluation show that CLEVER can
extract commonsense knowledge in promising quality, outperforming pre-trained
language model-based methods by 3.9 AUC and 6.4 mAUC points. The predicted
commonsense scores show strong correlation with human judgment with a 0.78
Spearman coefficient. Moreover, the extracted commonsense can also be grounded
into images with reasonable interpretability. The data and codes can be
obtained at https://github.com/thunlp/CLEVER.Comment: Accepted by AAAI 202
Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale(1-3). Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter(4); identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation(5,6); analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution(7); describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity(8,9); and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes(8,10-18).Peer reviewe
Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples
Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts
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Comprehensive analysis of chromothripsis in 2,658 human cancers using whole-genome sequencing
Chromothripsis is a mutational phenomenon characterized by massive, clustered genomic rearrangements that occurs in cancer and other diseases. Recent studies in selected cancer types have suggested that chromothripsis may be more common than initially inferred from low-resolution copy-number data. Here, as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we analyze patterns of chromothripsis across 2,658 tumors from 38 cancer types using whole-genome sequencing data. We find that chromothripsis events are pervasive across cancers, with a frequency of more than 50% in several cancer types. Whereas canonical chromothripsis profiles display oscillations between two copy-number states, a considerable fraction of events involve multiple chromosomes and additional structural alterations. In addition to non-homologous end joining, we detect signatures of replication-associated processes and templated insertions. Chromothripsis contributes to oncogene amplification and to inactivation of genes such as mismatch-repair-related genes. These findings show that chromothripsis is a major process that drives genome evolution in human cancer
Notes on altitude control for helium balloons for area-keeping solutions
Notes on the Project on altitude control of helium balloon using the "French ballonet" method. It contains description and pictures of prototypes that has been built for altitude control. With the demise of the lead of the project (Kanesh B), we did not manage to proceed to the testing phase. Possible future plans are discussed
Electrolytic Formation of Crystalline Silicon/Germanium Alloy Nanotubes and Hollow Particles with Enhanced Lithium-Storage Properties
Colorectal ESD procedure.
(a) Chromoendoscopy with indigo carmine staining (b) Circumferential cutting (c) Submucosal dissection (d) Complete resection (e) Specimen fixation.</p
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