83 research outputs found

    Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment in Multifocal Motor Neuropathy

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    # The Author(s) 2010. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Introduction Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is characterized by asymmetric weakness of limbs and the electrophysiological finding of conduction block in motor nerves. Conduction block is the inability of nerves to propagate action potentials and is probably caused b

    CCN Family Member 2/Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CCN2/CTGF) Has Anti-Aging Effects That Protect Articular Cartilage from Age-Related Degenerative Changes

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    To examine the role of connective tissue growth factor CCN2/CTGF (CCN2) in the maintenance of the articular cartilaginous phenotype, we analyzed knee joints from aging transgenic mice (TG) overexpressing CCN2 driven by the Col2a1 promoter. Knee joints from 3-, 14-, 40-, and 60-day-old and 5-, 12-, 18-, 21-, and 24-month-old littermates were analyzed. Ccn2-LacZ transgene expression in articular cartilage was followed by X-gal staining until 5 months of age. Overexpression of CCN2 protein was confirmed through all ages in TG articular cartilage and in growth plates. Radiographic analysis of knee joints showed a narrowing joint space and other features of osteoarthritis in 50% of WT, but not in any of the TG mice. Transgenic articular cartilage showed enhanced toluidine blue and safranin-O staining as well as chondrocyte proliferation but reduced staining for type X and I collagen and MMP-13 as compared with those parameters for WT cartilage. Staining for aggrecan neoepitope, a marker of aggrecan degradation in WT articular cartilage, increased at 5 and 12 months, but disappeared at 24 months due to loss of cartilage; whereas it was reduced in TG articular cartilage after 12 months. Expression of cartilage genes and MMPs under cyclic tension stress (CTS) was measured by using primary cultures of chondrocytes obtained from wild-type (WT) rib cartilage and TG or WT epiphyseal cartilage. CTS applied to primary cultures of mock-transfected rib chondrocytes from WT cartilage and WT epiphyseal cartilage induced expression of Col1a1, ColXa1, Mmp-13, and Mmp-9 mRNAs; however, their levels were not affected in CCN2-overexpressing chondrocytes and TG epiphyseal cartilage. In conclusion, cartilage-specific overexpression of CCN2 during the developmental and growth periods reduced age-related changes in articular cartilage. Thus CCN2 may play a role as an anti-aging factor by stabilizing articular cartilage

    Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes

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    Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale(1-3). Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter(4); identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation(5,6); analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution(7); describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity(8,9); and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes(8,10-18).Peer reviewe

    Iron Behaving Badly: Inappropriate Iron Chelation as a Major Contributor to the Aetiology of Vascular and Other Progressive Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases

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    The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of aerobic metabolism, and while these particular "reactive oxygen species" (ROSs) can exhibit a number of biological effects, they are not of themselves excessively reactive and thus they are not especially damaging at physiological concentrations. However, their reactions with poorly liganded iron species can lead to the catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl radical, which is exceptionally damaging, and a major cause of chronic inflammation. We review the considerable and wide-ranging evidence for the involvement of this combination of (su)peroxide and poorly liganded iron in a large number of physiological and indeed pathological processes and inflammatory disorders, especially those involving the progressive degradation of cellular and organismal performance. These diseases share a great many similarities and thus might be considered to have a common cause (i.e. iron-catalysed free radical and especially hydroxyl radical generation). The studies reviewed include those focused on a series of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases, where iron can be found at the sites of plaques and lesions, as well as studies showing the significance of iron to aging and longevity. The effective chelation of iron by natural or synthetic ligands is thus of major physiological (and potentially therapeutic) importance. As systems properties, we need to recognise that physiological observables have multiple molecular causes, and studying them in isolation leads to inconsistent patterns of apparent causality when it is the simultaneous combination of multiple factors that is responsible. This explains, for instance, the decidedly mixed effects of antioxidants that have been observed, etc...Comment: 159 pages, including 9 Figs and 2184 reference

    Transect-rapport 2079: Een archeologisch inventariserend veldonderzoek door middel van proefsleuven (IVO-P). Tilburg, Rugdijk 2, gemeente Tilburg (NB)

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    In oktober 2018 is een archeologisch proefsleuvenonderzoek uitgevoerd in een plangebied aan de Rugdijk 2 in Tilburg (gemeente Tilburg). In het kader van de wijziging van het bestemmingsplan en de toekomstige bouw van een bouwmarkt en tuincentrum waarbij bodemverstorende werkzaamheden zullen plaatsvinden, diende archeologisch onderzoek te worden uitgevoerd, om de archeologische verwachting nader te toetsen en eventueel aan te treffen archeologische sporen en vondsten in kaart te brengen

    Transect-rapport 1932: Een inventariserend veldonderzoek door middel van proefsleuven. Sprundel, Sint Janstraat 92, gemeente Rucphen (NB)

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    In oktober 2018 is een Inventariserend Veldonderzoek door middel van Proefsleuven (IVO-P) uitgevoerd in een plangebied aan de Sint Janstraat 92 in Sprundel. De aanleiding voor het onderzoek is de sloop van alle gebouwen op dit terrein en de bouw van enkele nieuwe gebouwen. In het plangebied geldt een middelhoge archeologische verwachting op resten uit het Laat-Paleolithicum – Mesolithicum en een hoge archeologische verwachting op resten uit het Neolithicum – Nieuwe tijd. Met de voorgenomen bodemingreep gaan mogelijk behoudenswaardige archeologische resten verloren

    Transect-rapport 2576: Een opgraving, variant archeologische begeleiding. Vlaardingen, Maasboulevard 2, gemeente Vlaardingen (ZH).

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    In februari 2019 een archeologische begeleiding uitgevoerd in een plangebied aan de Maasboulevard 2 in Vlaardingen (gemeente Vlaardingen). De aanleiding voor het onderzoek was de sloop en het nieuw opbouwen van een gebouw (China Garden). Voor het bouwplan was een omgevingsvergunning aangevraagd, in welk kader ook archeologisch onderzoek was vereist. Volgens het bestemmingsplan was namelijk sprake van hoge archeologische verwachting (met een dubbelbestemming: Waarde – Archeologie 1). Uit de Nieuwe tijd viel rekening te houden met archeologische resten m.b.t. de oude industrie (hoge verwachting), maar ook resten uit de IJzertijd konden nog aanwezig zijn (middelhoge verwachting). Op de perioden die daaraan voorafgaan was een lage verwachting afgegeven. Door de sloop konden bouwhistorische gegevens en vondstmateriaal verloren gaan. Ten tweede kon heien schade veroorzaken. Daarom heeft de bevoegde overheid besloten de sloopactiviteiten beneden het maaiveld archeologisch te laten begeleiden

    Transect-rapport 2202: Een archeologisch inventariserend veldonderzoek door middel van proefsleuven met optie tot doorstart naar opgraving. De Grote Trap Zeewolde, vindplaats Slik 2. Gemeente Zeewolde (FL)

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    In oktober 2018 is een archeologisch proefsleuvenonderzoek uitgevoerd op Vindplaats Slik 2 in Zeewolde. De aanleiding voor het onderzoek is een ontgronding in het kader van de aanleg van De Grote Trap, een terrein van ongeveer 100 hectare dat in zijn geheel tot een recreatieve ecologische verbindingszone wordt ontwikkeld. De ontgronding is verdeeld over een aantal gebieden. Een hiervan is Slik 2
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