Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes

Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale(1-3). Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter(4); identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation(5,6); analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution(7); describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity(8,9); and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes(8,10-18).Peer reviewe

ARCS Architectural Chameleon Skin: A swarm-based architectural installation

Traditionally, interactivity in architecture has been suppressed by its materiality. Building structures that can transform and change themselves have been the dream of many architects for centuries. With the continuous advancements in technology and the paradigm shift from mechanics to electronics, this dream is becoming reality. Today, it is possible to have building facades that can visually animate themselves, change their appearance, or even interact with their surroundings. In this paper, we introduce Architectural Chameleon Skin (ARCS), an installation that has the ability to transform static, motionless architectural surfaces into interactive and engaging skins. Swarm algorithms drive the interactivity and responsiveness of this \u93virtual skin\u94. In particular, the virtual skin responds to colour, movements, and distance of surrounding objects. We provide a comprehensive description and analysis of the ARCS installation

Swine buildings and equipment : a catalog of plans /

At head of title: Farming know-how, guidelines to better family farming.Caption title.Mode of access: Internet.CARLI Last Copy Program