Characteristics of coastline changes in mainland China since the early 1940s

Based on multi-temporal topographic maps, remote sensing images and field surveys covering the entire coastal zone of mainland China, the coastlines of six periods since the early 1940s were extracted. Coastline changes over the last 70 years were then analyzed in terms of coastline structure, coastline fractals, coastline change rates, land-sea patterns, and bay areas. The results showed that mainland coastline structure changed dramatically, and due to the significant coastline artificialization mainly driven by sea reclamation and coastal engineering, the remaining natural coastline merely accounts for less than one third at present. Coastline fractal dimension represented an overall spatial pattern of "north < entirety < south"; however, the discrepancy between the north and south coast was apparently narrowed due to dramatic coastline artificialization of northern China which in turn altered the whole pattern. Patterns and processes of land-sea interchange along the mainland coast were complex and varied spatially and temporally, with over 68% advancing toward sea and 22% retreating toward land. The net growth of land area was nearly 14.2 x10(3) km(2) with an average growth rate of 202.82 km(2) a(-1); and coast retreat was characterized by area decrease of 93 bays with a magnitude of 10.1 x10(3) km(2) and an average shrinking rate up to 18.19% or an average shrinking speed up to 144.20 km(2) a(-1), among which the total area of Bohai shrunk by 7.06%, with an average annual loss amounting to 82 km(2). The dramatic coastline changes along mainland China have brought about kinds of challenges to the coastal environment, therefore the integrated management, effective environment protection and sustainable utilization of coastlines is urgent

In-Plane Deformation Mechanics for Highly Stretchable Electronics

Scissoring in thick bars suppresses buckling behavior in serpentine traces that have thicknesses greater than their widths, as detailed in a systematic set of analytical and experimental studies. Scissoring in thick copper traces enables elastic stretchability as large as approximate to 350%, corresponding to a sixfold improvement over previously reported values for thin geometries (approximate to 60%).</p

Modeling the Process of Counteracting Fraud in E-banking

Syniavska, O. Modeling the Process of Counteracting Fraud in E-banking /Olga Syniavska, Nadiya Dekhtyar, Olga Deyneka, Tetiana Zhukova, Olena Syniavska // Experimental Economics and Machine Learning for Prediction of Emergent Economy Dynamics : Proceedings of the Selected Papers of the 8th International Conference on Monitoring, Modeling & Management of Emergent Economy (M3E2-EEMLPEED 2019) (Odessa, Ukraine, May 22-24, 2019). – CEUR-WS.org, online, 2019. – Vol. 2422 – P. 100-110.Документ присвячений актуальній проблемі протидії кібератакам у банківському секторі, зокрема у сфері електронного банкінгу. Розглянуто основні види банківських шахрайств, які здійснюються в онлайн-сфері. Автори пропонують математичну модель, яка описує процес протидії шахрайству в електронному банківському секторі. Запропонована модель базується на класичній моделі Лотка-Вольтерра з логістичним зростанням та динамічних моделях Холлінга-Таннера. Також були розраховані та проаналізовані фіксовані точки динамічної системи. На жаль, важко дослідити це питання за реальними даними, оскільки статистика щодо кібератак закрита.The paper is devoted to the current issue of the counteracting cyberattacks in the banking sector, in particular in the field of e-banking. The main types of banking fraud, which are carried out in the online sphere, are considered. The authors propose a mathematical model that describes the process of counteracting e-banking fraud. Proposed model is based on the classic LotkaVolterra model with logistic growth and the Holling-Tanner dynamic models. The fixed points of a dynamic system were calculated and analyzed. It was determined that there are 4 possible types of fixed points: saddle and the line of stable fixed points, which are unlikely may be in real life, stable node and a stable degenerate node, which are, in practice, the most likely cases. The constructed model could be used for theoretical study, different simulation experiments with changing input parameters could be done. Unfortunately, it is difficult to investigate this question on real data, since the statistics on cyberattacks are closed.Документ посвящен актуальной проблеме противодействия кибератакам в банковском секторе, в частности в сфере электронного банкинга. Рассмотрены основные виды банковских мошенничеств, совершаемых в онлайн-сфере. Авторы предлагают математическую модель, которая описывает процесс противодействия мошенничеству в электронном банковском секторе. Предложенная модель базируется на классической модели Лотка-Вольтерра с логистическим ростом и динамических моделях Холлинг-Таннера. Также были рассчитаны и проанализированы фиксированные точки динамической системы. К сожалению, трудно исследовать этот вопрос с реальными данными, поскольку статистика по кибератакам закрыта.References 1. OECD science, technology, and industry scoreboard: Towards a knowledge-based economy. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. http://www.oecd.org/ (2019). Accessed 13 Mar 2019 2. Babenko, V., Syniavska, O.: Analysis of the current state of development of electronic commerce market in Ukraine. Tech. Aud. and Prod. Res. 5(4(43)), 40–45 (2018). doi:10.15587/2312-8372.2018.146341 3. Mia, A., Rahman, M., Uddin, M.: E-Banking: Evolution, Status and Prospects. Cost & Manag. 1(35), 36–48 (2007) 4. Lastdrager, E.: Achieving a consensual definition of phishing based on a systematic review of the literature. Crime Science. 3:9 (2014). doi:10.1186/s40163-014-0009-y 5. The Statistical Portal. https://www.statista.com/ (2019). Accessed 13 Mar 2019 6. Jakobsson, M., Myers, S. (ed.) Phishing and countermeasures: understanding the increasing problem of electronic identity theft. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2007) 7. J. Shi, S. Saleem.: Phishing: Final Report. https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/~collberg/Teaching/466- 566/2014/Resources/presentations/2012/topic5-final/report.pdf (2012). Accessed 9 Mar 2019 8. Swanink, R.: Persistent effects of manin-the-middle attacks. Bachelor Thesis, Radboud University (2016) 9. Damodaram, R.: Study on phishing attacks and antiphishing tools. IRJET. 3(1), 700–705 (2016) 10. Alsayed, A., Bilgrami, A.: E-banking security: Internet hacking, phishing attacks, analysis and prevention of fraudulent activities. Int. J. Of Emerg. Techn. and Adv. Activ. 7(1), 109– 115 (2017) 11. Delgado, O., Fuster-Sabater, A., Sierra, J.: Analysis of new threats to online banking authentication schemes. In: Proceedings of the X Spanish Meeting on Cryptology and Information Security (RECSI 2008), pp. 337–344 (2008) 12. Hussein, S.: Predator-Prey Modeling. Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two. 3(1), 20 (2010). doi:10.5038/2326-3652.3.1.32 13. Oliinyk, V., Wiebe, I., Syniavska O., Yatsenko, V.: Optimization model of Bass. JAES, 8(62), 2168–2183 (2018) 14. Gupta, R.: Dynamics of a Holling-Tanner Model. AJER. 6(4), 132–140 (2017) 15. Syniavska, O., Dekhtyar, N., Deyneka, O., Zhukova, T., Syniavska, O.: Security of ebanking systems: modelling the process of counteracting e-banking fraud. SHS Web of Conferences. 65, 03004 (2019). doi:10.1051/shsconf/2019650300

Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes

Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale(1-3). Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter(4); identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation(5,6); analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution(7); describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity(8,9); and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes(8,10-18).Peer reviewe

Noncontact Spin Pumping by Microwave Evanescent Fields

The angular momentum of evanescent light fields has been studied in nano-optics and plasmonics but not in the microwave regime. Here we predict noncontact pumping of electron spin currents in conductors by the evanescent stray fields of excited magnetic nanostructures. The coherent transfer of the photon to the electron spin is proportional to the g factor, which is large in narrow gap semiconductors and surface states of topological insulators. The spin pumping current is chiral when the spin susceptibility displays singularities that indicate collective states. However, 1D systems with linear dispersion at the Fermi energy, such as metallic carbon nanotubes, are an exception since spin pumping is chiral even without interactions.QN/Bauer Grou

Chiral excitation of spin waves in ferromagnetic films by magnetic nanowire gratings

We theoretically investigate the interlayer dipolar and exchange couplings between an array of metallic magnetic nanowires grown on top of an extended ultrathin yttrium iron garnet film. The calculated interlayer dipolar coupling agrees with observed anticrossings [Chen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 217202 (2018)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.120.217202], concluding that the interlayer exchange coupling is suppressed by a spacer layer between the nanowires and film for Ni, but not necessarily for Co. The Kittel mode in the nanowire array couples chirally to spin waves in the film, even though Damon-Eshbach surface modes do not exist. The chirality can be suppressed by a strong interlayer exchange coupling.QN/Bauer GroupQN/Blanter Grou

Unidirectional Pumping of Phonons by Magnetization Dynamics

We propose a method to control surface phonon transport by weak magnetic fields based on the pumping of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) by magnetostriction. We predict that the magnetization dynamics of a nanowire on top of a dielectric films injects SAWs with opposite angular momenta into opposite directions. Two parallel nanowires form a phononic cavity that at magnetic resonances pump a unidirectional SAW current into half of the substrate. QN/Blaauboer GroupQN/Bauer Grou

Chiral Pumping of Spin Waves

We report a theory for the coherent and incoherent chiral pumping of spin waves into thin magnetic films through the dipolar coupling with a local magnetic transducer, such as a nanowire. The ferromagnetic resonance of the nanowire is broadened by the injection of unidirectional spin waves that generates a nonequilibrium magnetization in only half of the film. A temperature gradient between the local magnet and film leads to a unidirectional flow of incoherent magnons, i.e., a chiral spin Seebeck effect.QN/Bauer GroupQN/Blanter Grou

Magnon Accumulation in Chirally Coupled Magnets

We report strong chiral coupling between magnons and photons in microwave waveguides that contain chains of small magnets on special lines. Large magnon accumulations at one edge of the chain emerge when exciting the magnets by a phased antenna array. This mechanism holds the promise of new functionalities in nonlinear and quantum magnonics.QN/Bauer GroupQN/Blaauboer GroupQN/Blanter Grou

The Application of Waste Float Glass, Recycled in Structural Beams made with the Glass Casting Method

It is not obvious to talk about glass recycling when we realize that a mature recycling procedure for glass bottles is already working well. However, apart from glass bottles, unfortunately, that a large amount of glass will disappear into landfills. This large quantity of unrecycled glass indicates that there is a large potential in upgrading the glass recycling process. In the field of architecture, we see a fast-growing interest in using glass, also for structures. The glass bricks of Crystal Houses in Amsterdam are a good illustration. Aiming at maximizing the recyclability of glass, this paper focuses on the structural use of the glass components made from recycled glass through kiln casting method. An overview of the existing glass recycling industry is given at the beginning, followed by a discussion of glass type to be recycled. After this the experimental process of the glass recycling is introduced, which uses coated float glass with tints as the basic material to be recycled. Following this, a further exploration in three structural properties of the recycled products is conducted, namely: Young’s modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion and the fracture strength, with mechanical experiments. Finally, the test results are analyzed together with the chemical composition of the recycled products, which is derived from X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The result contains the value of mechanical properties and it evaluates the possibility of the structural use as a recycled-float-glass beam. In the end of this paper, the future possibility and feasibility in structural application of recycling waste float glass are discussed.Applied MechanicsStructural Design & Mechanic