114 research outputs found
Laser Direct Writing of Visible Spin Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride for Applications in Spin-Based Technologies
Optically addressable spins in two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)
attract widespread attention for their potential advantage in on-chip quantum
devices, such as quantum sensors and quantum network. A variety of spin defects
have been found in hBN, but no convenient and deterministic generation methods
have been reported for other defects except negatively charged boron vacancy
(). Here we report that by using femtosecond laser direct writing
technology, we can deterministically create spin defect ensembles with spectra
range from 550 nm to 800 nm on nanoscale hBN flakes. Positive single-peak
optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) signals are detected in the
presence of magnetic field perpendicular to the substrate, and the contrast can
reach 0.8%. With the appropriate thickness of hBN flakes, substrate and
femtosecond laser pulse energy, we can deterministically and efficiently
generate bright spin defect array. Our results provide a convenient
deterministic method to create spin defects in hBN, which will motivate more
endeavors for future researches and applications of spin-based technologies
such as quantum magnetometer array
A new method for evaluating lung volume: AI-3D reconstruction
Objective: This study aims to explore the clinical application of an AI-3D reconstruction system in measuring lung volume and analyze its practical value in donor-recipient size matching in lung transplantation.Methods: The study retrospectively collected data from 75 subjects who underwent a plethysmography examination and lung CT at the First Hospital of Jilin University. General data and information related to lung function, and imaging results were collected. The correlation between actual total lung volume (aTLV), predicted total lung volume (pTLV), and artificial intelligence three-dimensional reconstruction CT lung volume (AI-3DCTVol) was analyzed for the overall, male, and female groups. The correlation coefficient and the absolute error percentage with pTLV and AI-3DCTVol were obtained.Results: In the overall, male, and female groups, there were statistical differences (p <0.05) between the pTLV formula and AI-3D reconstruction compared to the plethysmography examination value. The ICC between pTLV and aTLV for all study participants was 0.788 (95% CI: 0.515–0.893), p <0.001. Additionally, the ICC value between AI-3D reconstruction and aTLV was 0.792 (95% CI: 0.681–0.866), p <0.001. For male study participants, the ICC between pTLV and aTLV was 0.330 (95% CI: 0.032–0.617), p = 0.006. Similarly, the ICC value between AI-3D reconstruction and aTLV was 0.413 (95% CI: 0.089–0.662), p = 0.007. In the case of female research subjects, the ICC between pTLV and aTLV was 0.279 (95% CI: 0.001–0.523), p = 0.012. Further, the ICC value between AI-3D reconstruction and aTLV was 0.615 (95% CI: 0.561–0.870), p <0.001.Conclusion: The AI-3D reconstruction, as a convenient method, has significant potential for application in lung transplantation
A universal programmable Gaussian Boson Sampler for drug discovery
Gaussian Boson Sampling (GBS) exhibits a unique ability to solve graph
problems, such as finding cliques in complex graphs. It is noteworthy that many
drug discovery tasks can be viewed as the clique-finding process, making them
potentially suitable for quantum computation. However, to perform these tasks
in their quantum-enhanced form, a large-scale quantum hardware with universal
programmability is essential, which is yet to be achieved even with the most
advanced GBS devices. Here, we construct a time-bin encoded GBS photonic
quantum processor that is universal, programmable, and software-scalable. Our
processor features freely adjustable squeezing parameters and can implement
arbitrary unitary operations with a programmable interferometer. Using our
processor, we have demonstrated the clique-finding task in a 32-node graph,
where we found the maximum weighted clique with approximately twice the
probability of success compared to classical sampling. Furthermore, a
multifunctional quantum pharmaceutical platform is developed. This GBS
processor is successfully used to execute two different drug discovery methods,
namely molecular docking and RNA folding prediction. Our work achieves the
state-of-the-art in GBS circuitry with its distinctive universal and
programmable architecture which advances GBS towards real-world applications.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Telecommunication Wavelength-Band Single-Photon Emission from Single Large InAs Quantum Dots Nucleated on Low-Density Seed Quantum Dots
High prevalence of HIV infection and unprotected anal intercourse among older men who have sex with men in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale(1-3). Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter(4); identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation(5,6); analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution(7); describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity(8,9); and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes(8,10-18).Peer reviewe
- …