Effectiveness of joss stick training programme on skill among schizophrenic patients government head quarters hospital, Erode.

Mentally ill patients are unable to get adequate support from the family as well as community due to their impairments, especially Schizophrenic patients have the splitting of mind, so they unable to carry out their job. Apart from the antipsychotics occupational therapies especially Joss stick training helps to improve the skill and promotes the quality of life. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of skill among schizophrenic patients after joss stick training programme. Design: Pre-experimental design where one group post test design. Setting: Government Head Quarters Hospital, Erode, Tamilnadu. Participants: Thirty schizophrenic patients, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Selection criteria: Simple, Chronic and Paranoid type of schizophrenic patients were in the age group of 18 years and above, both gender were included. Methods: A study was conducted with 30 schizophrenic patients. Pretest (5 th day of observation) and post test (12 th day of observation) assessment done by using Modified Whealen & Speaken work skill rating scale to assess the effectiveness of Joss stick training programme on skill among schizophrenic patients. Results: From the findings of the study can be concluded that the highest percentage of schizophrenic patients were in the age group of 18-28 years, most of the patients were males, had secondary education, they are married, living in nuclear family, have simple and chronic schizophrenia, duration of illness 2-4years, had once relapse in their illness. 57% of schizophrenic patients were reached the average and 43% of them reached good level of skill in joss stick training programme. There is a positive relationship between physical, xxiv psychological and social skill on joss stick preparation among schizophrenic patients. Paired ‘t’test score was 31.83 at the level of significant (p<0.05). No significant association between the posttest skill scores on joss stick preparation among schizophrenic patients with their demographic variables.(Age, Gender, Educational status, Marital status, Type of family, Type of schizophrenia, Duration of illness, and Number of relapses). Conclusion: From the findings of the study it can be concluded that the Joss stick training programme was highly effective on level of skill among schizophrenic patients in the area of psychological and physical, moderately effective in social skill. Evidence based practice : Joss stick training programme was effective among all type of patients including physically ill and mentally ill. It’s not only improve the persons skill it’s provide the economical enrichment and quality of life. Joss stick training programme was practiced in clinical as well as community area

Energy Efficient Key Management Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of a large number of sensor nodes deployed over a geographical area. Each node is a low-power device that integrates computing, wireless communication, and sensing abilities. Many applications that make use of sensor networks require secure communication. Designing an efficient key establishment scheme is of great importance to the data security in Wireless Sensor Networks. The traditional cryptographic techniques are impractical in Wireless Sensor Networks because of associated high energy and computational overheads.This algorithm supports the establishment of three types of keys for each sensor node, an individual key shared with the base station, a pair wise key shared with neighbor sensor node, and a group key that is shared by all the nodes in the network. The algorithm used for establishing and updating these keys are energy efficient and minimizes the involvement of the base station. Polynomial function is used in the study to calculate the keys during initialization, membership change and key compromise. Periodically the key will be updated. To overcome the problem of energy insufficiency and memory storage and to provide adequate security, the energy efficient scheme is proposed. It works well in undefined deployment environment. Unauthorized nodes should not be allowed to establish communication with network nodes. This scheme when compared with other existing schemes has a very low overhead in computation, communication and storage

Exceptional Preferences Mining

Exceptional Preferences Mining (EPM) is a crossover between two subfields of datamining: local pattern mining and preference learning. EPM can be seen as a local pattern mining task that finds subsets of observations where the preference relations between subsets of the labels significantly deviate from the norm; a variant of Subgroup Discovery, with rankings as the (complex) target concept. We employ three quality measures that highlight subgroups featuring exceptional preferences, where the focus of what constitutes 'exceptional' varies with the quality measure: the first gauges exceptional overall ranking behavior, the second indicates whether a particular label stands out from the rest, and the third highlights subgroups featuring unusual pairwise label ranking behavior. As proof of concept, we explore five datasets. The results confirm that the new task EPM can deliver interesting knowledge. The results also illustrate how the visualization of the preferences in a Preference Matrix can aid in interpreting exceptional preference subgroups

Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes

Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale(1-3). Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter(4); identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation(5,6); analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution(7); describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity(8,9); and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes(8,10-18).Peer reviewe

Comprehensive analysis of chromothripsis in 2,658 human cancers using whole-genome sequencing

Chromothripsis is a mutational phenomenon characterized by massive, clustered genomic rearrangements that occurs in cancer and other diseases. Recent studies in selected cancer types have suggested that chromothripsis may be more common than initially inferred from low-resolution copy-number data. Here, as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we analyze patterns of chromothripsis across 2,658 tumors from 38 cancer types using whole-genome sequencing data. We find that chromothripsis events are pervasive across cancers, with a frequency of more than 50% in several cancer types. Whereas canonical chromothripsis profiles display oscillations between two copy-number states, a considerable fraction of events involve multiple chromosomes and additional structural alterations. In addition to non-homologous end joining, we detect signatures of replication-associated processes and templated insertions. Chromothripsis contributes to oncogene amplification and to inactivation of genes such as mismatch-repair-related genes. These findings show that chromothripsis is a major process that drives genome evolution in human cancer

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

A sense of place: Sikh identity in Great Britain and Hong Kong

Although evidence points to Sikhs being present on the day that Hong Kong became a British territory, Sikhs in Hong Kong remain a relatively unexamined group. Based on data gathered as part of a wider study of processes of religious transmission among young British Sikhs and on fieldwork carried out among the Sikh community in Hong Kong, this article follows Dusenbery's (2008) studies of Sikhs around the world to focus on a) how Sikhs understand their place in their social world and b) how they respond to being a minority in every country in which they are resident. Examining the literature on Hong Kong Sikhs in relation to their status and position within wider Hong Kong society, I compare the contexts, issues and challenges faced by Sikhs in Hong Kong with those in Great Britain. The article demonstrates that although many Sikhs have links to the Punjab, local context and local imaginings impact on religious identity and citizenship