Lucis : directrices y recomendaciones para la aplicación de metadatos en repositorios institucionales

El presente trabajo surge a partir de la necesidad de dotar a la Biblioteca Digital de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina, de una estructura normalizada de metadatos que permitiera su posterior interoperabilidad e intercambio de información a nivel nacional e internacional. A partir de la comparación de los esquemas de metadatos Dublin Core (DC) y Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS), se propone una aplicación para la descripción de los objetos digitales producidos por las distintas Unidades Académicas de la Universidad, a fin de lograr un esquema que se adapte a las características propias del repositorio y además que permita participar de la iniciativa OAI-PMH. La complejidad de los recursos y los usuarios a los cuales éstos van dirigidos, obligan, a una descripción acorde a sus necesidades. Por lo tanto, el propósito es obtener un esquema intermedio entre el sencillo DC y el más complejo MODS y que, a su vez, sea un documento práctico que sirva de guía para la creación de registros de metadatos. De esta manera, este repositorio institucional podrá ser absolutamente compatible con los del resto del país y del mundo, y convertirse en proveedor para los cosechadores de datos (harvesters), facilitando la visibilidad de su información científico/académica

Esquemas de metadatos para los repositorios institucionales de las universidades nacionales argentinas

La creación de repositorios institucionales universitarios tuvo su auge en el mundo, alrededor del año 2000 motivado por la Declaración Internacional de Acceso Abierto, de Budapest. En la Argentina aparece el primer repositorio institucional en el contexto de una universidad nacional en el año 2002. A partir de ese momento hasta la actualidad se han creado otros en 15 universidades nacionales, por iniciativa en general, de bibliotecarios y otros profesionales. Tal como sucedió al iniciarse la automatización de las bibliotecas, la falta de modelos y políticas públicas llevó a que cada uno optase por seguir su criterio, basado en las necesidades y experiencias propias, pero alejados de la normalización, imprescindible para la interoperabilidad. La creación de bibliotecas digitales, requiere del uso de una serie de elementos novedosos e interrelacionados del mundo de la tecnología, tales como el uso de software específico, esquemas de metadatos, interacción a partir de equipos de trabajo y licencias de uso de los documentos digitales. Esta investigación se centrará en determinar cuáles son los esquemas de metadatos adecuados para realizar la descripción documental de los objetos depositados en los repositorios institucionales de las universidades nacionales argentinas.Fil: Testa, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Educación Elemental y Especial.Fil: Degiorgi, Horacio. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Educación Elemental y Especial

A 500 Parsec Halo Surrounding the Galactic Globular NGC 1851

Using imaging that shows four magnitudes of main sequence stars, we have discovered that the Galactic globular cluster NGC 1851 is surrounded by a halo that is visible from the tidal radius of 700 arcsec (41 pc) to more than 4500 arcsec (>250 pc). This halo is symmetric and falls in density as a power law of $r^{-1.24}$. It contains approximately 0.1% of the dynamical mass of NGC 1851. There is no evidence for tidal tails. Current models of globular cluster evolution do not explain this feature, although simulations of tidal influences on dwarf spheroidal galaxies qualitatively mimic these results. Given the state of published models it is not possible to decide between creation of this halo from isolated cluster evaporation, or from tidal or disk shocking, or from destruction of a dwarf galaxy in which this object may have once been embedded.Comment: Version with higher-resolution figures is at http://adansonia.as.arizona.edu/~edo/1851_paper/paper_aug11.ps.g

Aportes para el análisis de actividades productivas y del nivel de bienestar de la población del Partido de General Pueyrredon. Análisis de la evolución del consumo de alimentos de las familias del Partido de Gral. Pueyrredon

El Módulo "Análisis de la evolución del consumo de alimentos de las familias del Pdo. de Gral. Pueyrredon" forma parte del Proyecto "Aportes para el análisis de actividades productivas y del nivel de bienestar de la población del Partido de Gral. Pueyrredon" que ha sido propuesto y desarrollado en el convenio Marco de Colaboración entre el INDEC y la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. El objetivo es analizar la importancia relativa de los alimentos -saludables- que componen la estructura de consumo de los hogares del Partido de Gral. Pueyrredon y las implicancias para los sectores productivos relevantes de nuestra ciudad, el sector frutihortícola y pesquero. El trabajo de campo fue realizado entre el 14 de marzo y el 1 de abril de 2014 en la ciudad de Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, relevándose un total de 505 individuos localizados en hogares ubicados en barrios de distinto nivel socioeconómico de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, que respondieron un cuestionario diseñado para dicho objetivo. A partir de la información disponible sobre Factores de riesgo en el Ministerio de Salud y el INDEC para los años 2005, 2009 y 2011 a nivel nacional y del Partido Gral. Pueyrredon se incorpora un análisis comparativo de los indicadores nacionales con los de la ciudad de Mar del Plata. En síntesis los resultados indican que entre 2005 y 2009 se produjo una disminución en la media de días de consumo de frutas y verduras de la población nacional y en 2009 la media de días de la semana de consumo de frutas se redujo a alrededor de 4 días a la semana. En Mar del Plata el 37,1% de los individuos mantiene los niveles de consumo de verduras frescas y el 30,3% de las personas consume más de estos productos. En cuanto a las razones por las que consumen verduras frescas, se destaca el cuidado de la salud (34,6%) y porque les gustan (22,4%). Con relación al consumo de pescado los individuos marplatenses no han cambiado significativamente sus hábitos de consumo, según lo observado en este relevamiento y en estudios anteriores. Del trabajo surge que una importante cantidad de entrevistados que pertenecen al Nivel Socioeconómico Bajo (NSE), nunca consumen alimentos orgánicos (31,1%) y sí se observa un mayor porcentaje de las personas que eligieron consumir habitualmente productos orgánicos corresponden al NSE Medio (12,8%). Los resultados permiten inferir un alto grado de preocupación ambiental, que resulta levemente más alto en relación con un valor social referido a la equidad inter-generacional y en menor medida, a un valor ecológico asociado al cambio climático.Fil: Rodríguez, Elsa Mirta M. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Lupín, Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Alfonso, Néstor Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Bertoni, Marcela. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Gualdoni, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Pagani, Andrea N. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Rodríguez, Julieta A. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Testa, Joaquín. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Alzola, Agustina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina

Contribution of brain or biological reserve and cognitive or neural reserve to outcome after TBI: a meta-analysis (prior to 2015)

Brain/biological (BR) and cognitive/neural reserve (CR) have increasingly been used to explain some of the variability that occurs as a consequence of normal ageing and neurological injuries or disease. However, research evaluating the impact of reserve on outcomes after adult traumatic brain injury (TBI) has yet to be quantitatively reviewed. This meta-analysis consolidated data from 90 studies (published prior to 2015) that either examined the relationship between measures of BR (genetics, age, sex) or CR (education, premorbid IQ) and outcomes after TBI or compared the outcomes of groups with high and low reserve. The evidence for genetic sources of reserve was limited and often contrary to prediction. APOE ∈4 status has been studied most, but did not have a consistent or sizeable impact on outcomes. The majority of studies found that younger age was associated with better outcomes, however most failed to adjust for normal age-related changes in cognitive performance that are independent of a TBI. This finding was reversed (older adults had better outcomes) in the small number of studies that provided age-adjusted scores; although it remains unclear whether differences in the cause and severity of injuries that are sustained by younger and older adults contributed to this finding. Despite being more likely to sustain a TBI, males have comparable outcomes to females. Overall, as is the case in the general population, higher levels of education and pre-morbid IQ are both associated with better outcomes.Jane L. Mathias, Patricia Wheato

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

China: Challenges and Prospects from an Industrial and Innovation Powerhouse

China is rapidly becoming a major industrial competitor in high tech and growth sectors. Its economic success and related industrial policies have received a high degree of attention, especially in light of its capacity to challenge the leading position of advanced economies in several fields. China aims, through the 'Made in China 2025' strategy, to become a world leader in key industrial sectors. In these sectors, it strives to strengthen its domestic innovation capacity, to reduce its reliance on foreign technologies while moving up in global value chains. This report analyses China's approach to attain a dominant position in international markets through a combination of industrial, R&I, trade and foreign direct investment policies. It offers an assessment of China's current position compared to the EU and US innovation systems across a range of dimensions. It concludes that China has become a major industrial competitor in several rapidly expanding high tech sectors, which may well result in attaining China's goal of becoming an innovation leader in specific areas. As a response, the EU will need to boost its industrial and R&I performance and develop a trade policy that can ensure a level playing field for EU companies in China and for Chinese companies in the EU.JRC.B.7-Knowledge for Finance, Innovation and Growt

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research