Federated Learning Framework with Straggling Mitigation and Privacy-Awareness for AI-based Mobile Application Services

This work proposes a novel framework to address straggling and privacy issues for federated learning (FL)-based mobile application services, considering limited computing/communications resources at mobile users (MUs)/mobile application provider (MAP), privacy cost, the rationality and incentive competition among MUs in contributing data to the MAP. Particularly, the MAP first determines a set of the best MUs for the FL process based on MUs' provided information/features. Then, each selected MU can encrypt part of local data and upload the encrypted data to the MAP for an encrypted training process, in addition to the local training process. For that, the selected MU can propose a contract to the MAP according to its expected local and encrypted data. To find optimal contracts that can maximize utilities while maintaining high learning quality of the system, we develop a multi-principal one-agent contract-based problem considering the MUs' privacy cost, the MAP's limited computing resources, and asymmetric information between the MAP and MUs. Experiments with a real-world dataset show that our framework can speed up training time up to 49% and improve prediction accuracy up to 4.6 times while enhancing network's social welfare up to 114% under the privacy cost consideration compared with those of baseline methods

Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes

Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale(1-3). Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter(4); identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation(5,6); analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution(7); describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity(8,9); and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes(8,10-18).Peer reviewe

Patients with thrombolysed stroke in Vietnam have an excellent outcome: Results from the Vietnam Thrombolysis Registry

Background and purpose: We present the early experience in thrombolysis in three major centers of Ho Chi Minh city, namely 115 People Hospital, Gia Dinh Hospital, and An Binh Hospital. Methods: A prospective study of consecutive patients treated with intravenous tPA with a treatment protocol similar to that of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) trial. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores on admission and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) scores at 3 months were measured for all patients. Intracranial and systemic hemorrhagic complications were recorded. Result: A total of 121 of 6171 (2%) patients with acute IS received thrombolysis over 3 years. Mean age was 57 years (range 18-78) and initial median NIHSS score was 12 (range 5-23). The mean delay between symptom onset and treatment was 143 min (range 50-210). Seventy-three (60.3%) patients received the standard dose with the remaining 48 patients (36.9%) treated with a lower dose, a mean calculated dose of 0.62 mgkg (range, 0.6-0.86 mgkg). Over half (56.3%) of the patients receiving low dose achieved functional independence (mRS score 0-1) at 3 months compared with 34.2% in the standard-dose group (P = 0.01). The 3-month mortality rate was also higher in the standard-dose group (2.1% vs. 12.5% with standard-dose tPA; P = 0.04). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was noted in four patients of standard-dose group and one patient of low-dose group (P = 0.36). Conclusion: Intravenous thrombolysis, particularly in a lower dose, is safe and feasible in the treatment of acute IS in our selected Vietnamese population. © 2010 EFNS

Heterogeneous mathematical models in fluid dynamics and associated solution algorithms

Mathematical models of complex physical problems can be based on heterogeneous differential equations, i.e. on boundary-value problems of different kind in different subregions of the computational domain. In this presentation we will introduce a few representative examples, we will illustrate the way the coupling conditions between the different models can be devised, then we will address several solution algorithms and discuss their properties of convergence as well as their robustness with respect to the variation of the physical parameters that characterize the submodel

Coupling Of Two Dimensional Viscous And Inviscid Incompressible Stokes Equations

INTRODUCTION A domain decomposition approach usually consists in the decomposition of the possibly complex domain into subdomains of simpler shape. Then the original problem is reduced to a sequence of subproblems for the same partial differential equation which can be solved independently to some extent [7, 10, 11, 14, 16]. Another very interesting area for the application of domain decomposition procedures is the coupling of partial differential equations of different type each used in a suitable subregion of the whole domain. A typical situation is the investigation of an incompressible flow around an obstacle. All the interesting features of the flow occur near the boundary of the obstacle due to the important role of viscosity effects in this area. In the region far away from the obstacle one can neglect viscosity effects. For numerical and theoretical reasons it would be interesting to combine the solution to the Navier-Stokes equations in an inner subregion near the boundary o

Anti-oxidant and antidiabetic effect of some medicinal plants belong to Terminalia species collected in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam

[[abstract]]Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which is increasing, cannot be cured and so must be suffered for whole life. In recent years, research on herbal medicines for the treatment of diabetes has been increasing. Terminalia species have been used as traditional medicines to treat several diseases including diabetic diseases for a great many years. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-oxidant and antidiabetic activities of methanol extracts of the trunk-bark of three Terminalia species, T. alata, T. belirica and T. corticosa Pierre ex Laness. The anti-oxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging and the antidiabetic activity was determined by digestive enzymes inhibition and lowering fasting blood glucose in diabetic rats. The flavonoids and polyphenol contents were also determined by spectroscopic methods. The results indicated that the three trunk-bark extracts of the investigated plants possessed relatively high anti-oxidant activity with IC50 values of 0.24 mg/ml for T. alata, 1.02 mg/ml for T. belirica and 0.25 mg/ml for T. corticosa and 0.24 mg/ml for the positive control of L-ascorbic acid. In addition, these extracts also exhibited inhibitory activity on α-amylase and α-glucosidase and lowered fasting blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats but without inducing body weight loss comparing to acarbose. Amongst the extracts, the highest effect on lowering in diabetic rats was found in the extract of T. belirica followed by T. corticosa and T. alata. However, the extracts did not produce any hypoglycemic effect in normal rats at a dose up to 200 mg/kg body weight. The results suggest that the methanol extracts of the investigated plants may prove to be useful in treating type 2 diabetes.[[notice]]補正完