Effects of different wall materials on the physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of spray-dried microencapsulated red-fleshed Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed oil.

The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of the composition of the wall material on the encapsulation and stability of microencapsulated red-fleshed pitaya seed oil. Hylocereus polyrhizus seed oil was homogenized with various wall material solutions at a core/wall material ratio of 0.33 and was microencapsulated by spray-drying. The microstructure and morphology of pitaya seed oil powder (PSOP) were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). PSOP encapsulated with gum Arabic exhibited a lower degree of microencapsulation efficiency (MEE; 77.61–85.3%) compared to PSOP encapsulated with proteinaceous bases (90.12–98.06%). The study on oil retention revealed that sodium caseinate > whey protein > gum Arabic as effective wall materials for pitaya seed oil encapsulation. The effects of different wall systems on the oxidation stability of PSOP were studied under accelerated storage conditions; the peroxide value (POV) was determined throughout the test interval at several storage times. This study indicates that the use of lactose as wall material is able to increase the oxidation stability of PSOP; however, further research is needed to evaluate its antioxidative retention toward the oxidative stability of PSOP

Chemical composition and DSC thermal properties of two species of Hylocereus cacti seed oil: hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus.

Two types of pitaya (Hylocereus cacti) seeds (Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus) were investigated in this study. The fatty acid, phenolic, tocopherol, and sterol contents of the extracted seed oil were analysed. The results showed that the pitaya seeds contained a high amount of oil (18.33–28.37%). The three major fatty acids in the H. undatus seed oil (WFSO) and H. polyrhizus seed oil (RFSO) were linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids. The total tocopherol contents in the WFSO and RFSO were 36.70 and 43.50 mg/100 g, respectively. The phytosterol compounds identified in the WFSO and RFSO were cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol. Seven phenolic acid compounds were identified in the WFSO and RFSO, namely, gallic, vanillic, syringic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids. WFSO and RFSO can be differentiated by their Toff and Ton values in the DSC thermal curves. This study reveals that pitaya seed oil has a high level of functional lipids and can be used as a new source of essential oil

Compositional and thermal characteristics of palm olein-based diacylglycerol in blends with palm super olein

Palm olein-based diacylglycerol (POL-DAG) was blended with palm super olein (POoo) in various concentrations (10–90%), with increments of 10% (wt/wt) POL-DAG. The physical and chemical characteristics, i.e., iodine value, acylglycerol content, fatty acid composition, melting and crystallization profiles and solid fat content, for POL-DAG, POoo and their binary blends were evaluated. The mid-infrared FTIR was used to determine the absorption bands of the different concentrations of the oil blends. Only slight differences of FAC and IV were observed. POL-DAG:POoo blends showed significant changes (p < 0.05) in DAG content and decreases in TAG content with increasing POL-DAG content. The DSC thermograms showed that the addition of different concentrations of POL-DAG changed the melting and crystallization behavior of the oil blends (POL-DAG:POoo). The crystallization onset point increased (p < 0.05) with an increasing POL-DAG concentration (10–90%). POL-DAG has the same absorption bands as POoo, with the exception of several minor peaks that appeared at (I) 2954 cm− 1, (II) 1267 cm− 1, (III) 1199 cm− 1, (IV) 1222 cm− 1 and (V) 966 cm− 1. This study will provide essential information for the palm oil industry to identify the most suitable POL-DAG blends with desirable physicochemical properties for food application purposes

The Physics of the B Factories

This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease

The recommendations listed in this document are, whenever possible, evidence based. An extensive evidence review was conducted as the document was compiled through December 2008. Repeated literature searches were performed by the guideline development staff and writing committee members as new issues were considered. New clinical trials published in peer-reviewed journals and articles through December 2011 were also reviewed and incorporated when relevant. Furthermore, because of the extended development time period for this guideline, peer review comments indicated that the sections focused on imaging technologies required additional updating, which occurred during 2011. Therefore, the evidence review for the imaging sections includes published literature through December 2011

Characterization and primary recovery of funtional bioactive compounds from edible bird's nest

The edible bird’s nest (EBN) is a saliva-cemented nest built by swiftlets (Collocalia spp. /Aerodramus spp.) during the breeding season, and it is found predominantly in Southeast Asia. However, little is known or is published about EBN and no scientific and technological findings on recovering bioactive compounds from EBN. Therefore, this study was conducted to characterize the physico-chemical, rheological behavior properties and recover the functional biocompounds derived from EBN. The application of an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) strategy to the potential recovery of bio-compounds (sialoglycoproteins) from the EBN was evaluated. This study revealed that the amino acid composition of EBN-extract was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of intact EBN, with the exception of the methionine content. Overall, the most abundant amino acids in the chemical structure of EBN-extract were aspartic acid (9.80 %), serine (9.50 %), and proline (8.81 %). The hydrophilic glycoprotein in EBN-extract was a heavily glycosylated protein, and this result was further supported by the presence of two glycoprotein bands at 110 and 130 kDa, as observed by SDSPAGE analysis. The non-Newtonian flow behavior of Collocalia mucoid (EBNextract) dispersions indicated that all concentrations (5 – 100 mg/mL) of the mucoid dispersions exhibited shear-thinning behaviors, which could best be described using the Herschel-Bulkley model. As the concentration of Collocalia mucoid dispersions increased, the appearance of a plateau shear modulus indicated the dispersion was exhibiting more gel-like behaviors. The Collocalia mucoid dispersions were thought to involve the physical entanglement of network formations, which were able to form weak gels at high concentrations. The effects of hydrophilic solvent in the ATPS and the system parameters on partition behavior were evaluated. The partitioning of the EBN sialoglycoprotein was pHdependant. Slightly more than 97 % of the total EBN sialoglycoproteins were recovered in the top phase of ATPS under selected conditions. According to this study, the ATPS technique provides a simple, efficient, and economic recovery process for sialoglycoproteins derived from EBN and EBN by-products for the food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other related industries. This ATPS separation technique has great potential to be carried over to an industrial scale

Method of recovering glycoproteins and/or proteins derived from edible birds’s nest

The present invention discloses a method of recovering glycoproteins and/or proteins from edible bird’s nest (EBN) of AerodramusandCollocaliaspp, which comprises the steps of preparing a crude extract of the edible bird’s nest and recovering glycoproteins and/or proteins contained in the crude extract by way of an aqueous two-phase system. The step of recovering glycoproteins and/or proteins includes: mixing the crude extract of edible bird’s nest in an aqueous two-phase system comprising a solvent, organic and/or inorganic salt and water; agitating the phase system; subjecting the phase system to separation in order to form separate phases containing glycoproteins and/or proteins; and recovering the EBN glycoproteins and/or proteins from the medium

Stability of a concentrated oil-in-water emulsion model prepared using palm olein-based diacylglycerol/virgin coconut oil blends: Effects of the rheological properties, droplet size distribution and microstructure

The rheological properties, microstructure, textural properties, colour and droplet size distribution of mayonnaise-like emulsion models prepared using 10–30 wt.% of palm olein-based diacylglycerol (POL-DAG) oil were compared with those of the control (100 wt.% VCO) model. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in the particle size distribution of the oil droplets, the textural properties, and the rheological properties of the various emulsion models. The rheological analysis included the determination of the flow curves, yield stress, thixotropy, apparent viscosity, and viscoelastic parameters. The concentrated oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion with 30 wt.% POL-DAG substitution exhibited high thixotropy. The POL-DAG content had a substantial effect on the rheological properties of yield stress, storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″). The pseudoplastic behaviour of the emulsions was demonstrated. The size of the particles in the 30% POL-DAG-substituted emulsion was dramatically increased after one day and 30 days of storage. All of the emulsion samples with POL-DAG substituted for VCO showed a relatively non-uniform bimodal droplet size distribution after one day of storage. In general, substitution of 10–20 wt.% POL-DAG oil is appropriate for preparing O/W emulsions that had flow curves and textural properties similar to those of the control sample