Sandra Pott, Reformierte Morallehren und deutsche Literatur von Jean Barbeyrac bis Christoph Martin Wieland. 2002

In der zu besprechenden Studie verfolgt Sandra Pott die sehr allgemein gehaltene Zielsetzung, "das Verhältnis reformierter Morallehren zur deutschen Literatur im achtzehnten Jahrhundert" als eine "Einflußgeschichte von ‚morale‘, Naturrecht, Moralphilosophie und Literatur" nachzuzeichnen (S. 6) und damit "[z]ur denk- und literaturgeschichtlichen Erschließung der Schriften (französisch-)reformierter Denker" (S. 8) beizutragen. Auf einen Zeitraum von fast hundert Jahren gerichtet, setzt die Studie bei der Untersuchung naturrechtlich orientierter Morallehren französischer Reformierter an, die nach der Revokation des Ediktes von Nantes 1685 aus Frankreich flüchteten und sich vornehmlich in der Westschweiz, Deutschland und Holland niederließe

Hanspeter Marti, Klosterkultur und Aufklärung in der Fürstabtei St. Gallen. 2003

Die Studie widmet sich der bisher von der Forschung kaum beachteten Frage der Rezeption aufklärerischen Gedankenguts in der Fürstabtei St. Gallen. Sie erhebt hierbei nicht den Anspruch einer umfassenden Aufarbeitung, sondern versteht sich als eine ideengeschichtlich orientierte "Vorstudie", die sich der Fragestellung anhand zweier voneinander unabhängiger, punktueller Untersuchungen nähert. In einem ersten Teil analysiert Hanspeter Marti an zwei Fallbeispielen das "Verhältnis klösterlicher Hauptrepräsentanten zur Aufklärung" (S. 10-71). Die entsprechenden Repräsentanten - Fürstabt Beda Angehrn (1767-1796) und der aufklärungskritische Offizial Iso Walser (1759-1785) einerseits (S. 12-17), der hohe weltliche Beamte in fürstäbtlichen Diensten und spätere Kantonsgründer Karl Müller-Friedberg (1782-1798) andererseits (S. 34-69) - sind so ausgewählt, daß an ihnen die gegenüber den Aufklärungspostulaten am stärksten divergierenden Grundpositionen in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts skizziert werden können. Der zweite und umfassende Teil nähert sich der Problemstellung durch eine Darstellung der Aspekte des Bucherwerbs am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts unter dem letzten fürstäbtlichen Bibliothekar Johann Nepomuk Hauntinger (1780-1823) (S. 74-224

Functional genomics of brain development and developmentally related brain disease in "Drosophila"

One of the fundamental challenges in basic neuroscience is to understand the molecular genetic networks associated with building the brain. As malfunction in these genetic pathways can lead to disorders like cancer, brain development is also a crucial research area for clinical neuroscience. In the course of this thesis, different molecular aspects of Drosophila brain development and related neoplastic disease were analyzed using high-density oligonucleotide arrays. The homeotic selector gene labial (lab) plays an important role in specification of neuronal identity in the embryonic brain of Drosophila. In labial mutants presumptive neurons in the posterior tritocerebrum fail to differentiate. This leads to severe defects in tritocerebral axon pathways. Using high density oligonucleotide arrays we identified downstream target genes of Labial and showed that only a limited and distinct set of genes expressed in the embryo is regulated by this homeoprotein. Furthermore, we performed genetic rescue experiments to analyze the functional equivalence of Drosophila Hox gene products in specification of the tritocerebral neuromere. Surprisingly, all tested homeotic proteins, with the exception of Abd-B, were able to rescue the labial mutant phenotype in the tritocerebrum. These results indicate that the specificity of homeotic gene action in embryonic brain development has to be modulated by cis-acting regulatory elements. Another study circled around the homeobox transcription factor otd and its human homolog Otx2. Cross-phylum rescue experiments have shown that these genes are functionally equivalent. We used quantitative transcript imaging to analyze otd and Otx gene action in the Drosophila embryo at a genomic level. Our experiments suggest that about one third of the Otd-regulated transcripts in Drosophila can also be controlled by the human Otx2. These common otd/Otx2 downstream genes are likely to represent the molecular basis for the functional equivalence of otd and Otx2 gene action in Drosophila. glial cells missing (gcm) is a key control gene of gliogenesis. gcm loss-of-function leads to a transformation of glial cells into neurons and, conversely, when gcm is ectopically misexpressed, presumptive neurons become glia. Since gcm encodes a transcription factor it is supposed that a set of downstream genes are regulated by GCM that in turn execute the glial differentiation program. Again, a set of full-genome transcript profiling experiments was conducted to identify gcm downstream genes in a comprehensive manner. A set of several hundred candidate gcm target genes were identified in this screen, giving new insights into neuroglial fate specification in Drosophila. Brain tumors have been extensively studied by looking at genetic alterations and mutations that lead to malignant growth. Still, the causes of brain tumorigenesis are largely unknown. Model systems like Drosophila can be of great help to shed light on altered transcriptional activity in brain tumor phenotypes. To investigate the in vivo transcriptional activity associated with a brain tumor, we conducted genome-wide microarray expression analyses of an adult brain tumor in Drosophila caused by homozygous mutation in the tumor suppressor gene brain tumor (brat). Two independent gene expression studies using two different oligonucleotide microarray platforms were used to compare the transcriptome of adult wildtype flies with mutants displaying the adult bratk06028 mutant brain tumor. Cross-validation and stringent statistical criteria identified a core transcriptional signature of bratk06028 neoplastic tissue. We found highly significant expression level changes for 321 annotated genes associated with the adult neoplastic bratk06028 tissue indicating elevated and aberrant metabolic and cell cycle activity, upregulation of the basal transcriptional machinery, as well as elevated and aberrant activity of ribosome synthesis and translation control. One fifth of these genes show homology to known mammalian genes involved in cancer formation. These results identify for the first time the genome-wide transcriptional alterations associated with an adult brain tumor in Drosophila and reveal insights into the possible mechanisms of tumor formation caused by homozygous mutation of the translational repressor brat