Moexipril and left ventricular hypertrophy

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors today are the standard therapy of patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure due to their proven beneficial effects in left ventricular remodeling and left ventricular function. ACE inhibitors have also been demonstrated to lead to regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). It is believed that the mechanism of action of LVH regression with ACE inhibitors arises from more than simple blood pressure reduction. LVH is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality independent of blood pressure. Moexipril hydrochloride is a long-acting, non-sulfhydryl ACE inhibitor that can be taken once daily for the treatment of hypertension. Moexipril has now also been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on LVH and can lead to LVH regression

SINTESIS BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK SISA PAKAI DENGAN VARIASI WAKTU REAKSI DAN UKURAN Ba(OH)2 SEBAGAI KATALIS

Ketersediaan bahan bakar fosil yang makin menipis jumlahnya menjadi pemicu bagi para peneliti untuk mengeksploarasi bahan bakar alternative terbaru-kan. Biodisel merupakan salah satu bahan bakar aternatif yang banyak dikembangkan, mulai dari teknologi, proses maupun bahan bakunya. Bahan baku yang sering digunakan berasal dari sawit, kelapa, zaitun, kanola maupun alpokat yang jika digunakan terus menerus akan menimbulkan masalah baru dibidang pangan. Minyak sisa pakai yang masih mengandung asam lemak menjadi salah satu bahan yang potensial sebagai bahan baku biodisel. Penggunaan katalis heterogen (Ba(OH)2.8H2O)pada variasi ukuran (25 dan 60 mesh) dan waktu reaksi (80–120 menit) sangat mempengaruhi biodisel yang dihasilkan. Biodisel dengan karakteristik terbaik didapatkan pada waktu reaksi selama 100 menit dengan ukuran katalis 60 mesh. Yield metil ester yang dihasilkan sebesar 86,8%. Kata kunci: minyak sisa pakai, katalis basa heterogen, biodiese

Sintesis Biodiesel Dari Minyak Sisa Pakai Dengan Variasi Waktu Reaksi Dan Ukuran Ba(oh)2 Sebagai Katalis

Ketersediaan bahan bakar fosil yang makin menipis jumlahnya menjadi pemicu bagi para peneliti untuk mengeksploarasi bahan bakar alternative terbaru-kan. Biodisel merupakan salah satu bahan bakar aternatif yang banyak dikembangkan, mulai dari teknologi, proses maupun bahan bakunya. Bahan baku yang sering digunakan berasal dari sawit, kelapa, zaitun, kanola maupun alpokat yang jika digunakan terus menerus akan menimbulkan masalah baru dibidang pangan. Minyak sisa pakai yang masih mengandung asam lemak menjadi salah satu bahan yang potensial sebagai bahan baku biodisel. Penggunaan katalis heterogen (Ba(OH)2.8H2O)pada variasi ukuran (25 dan 60 mesh) dan waktu reaksi (80–120 menit) sangat mempengaruhi biodisel yang dihasilkan. Biodisel dengan karakteristik terbaik didapatkan pada waktu reaksi selama 100 menit dengan ukuran katalis 60 mesh. Yield metil ester yang dihasilkan sebesar 86,8%

Long-term efficacy of a combination of amlodipine and olmesartan medoxomil±hydrochlorothiazide in patients with hypertension stratified by age, race and diabetes status: a substudy of the COACH trial

A prespecified subgroup analysis of a 44-week open-label extension study is presented. The efficacy and safety of the combination of amlodipine (AML)+ olmesartan medoxomil (OM), with and without the addition of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), were investigated in patients aged ⩾65 and <65 years, Blacks and non-Blacks and patients with and without type 2 diabetes. After an 8-week double-blind, placebo-controlled portion of the study, patients initiated therapy on AML 5+OM 40 mg per day, were uptitrated stepwise to AML 10+OM 40 mg per day, with the addition of HCTZ 12.5 mg, and 25 mg if blood pressure (BP) goal was not achieved (<140/90 or <130/80 mm Hg for patients with diabetes). Endpoints included the change from baseline in mean seated systolic BP, mean seated diastolic BP and achievement of BP goal. BP decreased from baseline for all treatments in each prespecified subgroup. By the end of the study, BP goal was achieved in 61.0% of patients aged ⩾65 years, 68.1% of patients aged <65 years, 63.3% of Blacks, 67.8% of non-Blacks, 26.9% of patients with diabetes and 72.9% of patients without diabetes. The combination of AML+OM±HCTZ was efficacious, safe and well tolerated by these subgroups

SINTESIS BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK SISA PAKAI DENGAN VARIASI WAKTU REAKSI DAN UKURAN Ba(OH)2 SEBAGAI KATALIS

Ketersediaan bahan bakar fosil yang makin menipis jumlahnya menjadi pemicu bagi para peneliti untuk mengeksploarasi bahan bakar alternative terbaru-kan. Biodisel merupakan salah satu bahan bakar aternatif yang banyak dikembangkan, mulai dari teknologi, proses maupun bahan bakunya. Bahan baku yang sering digunakan berasal dari sawit, kelapa, zaitun, kanola maupun alpokat yang jika digunakan terus menerus akan menimbulkan masalah baru dibidang pangan. Minyak sisa pakai yang masih mengandung asam lemak menjadi salah satu bahan yang potensial sebagai bahan baku biodisel. Penggunaan katalis heterogen (Ba(OH)2.8H2O)pada variasi ukuran (25 dan 60 mesh) dan waktu reaksi (80–120 menit) sangat mempengaruhi biodisel yang dihasilkan. Biodisel dengan karakteristik terbaik didapatkan pada waktu reaksi selama 100 menit dengan ukuran katalis 60 mesh. Yield metil ester yang dihasilkan sebesar 86,8%

Continuum of vasodilator stress from rest to contrast medium to adenosine hyperemia for fractional flow reserve assessment

Objectives: This study compared the diagnostic performance with adenosine-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) ≤0.8 of contrast-based FFR (cFFR), resting distal pressure (Pd)/aortic pressure (Pa), and the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR). Background: FFR objectively identifies lesions that benefit from medical therapy versus revascularization. However, FFR requires maximal vasodilation, usually achieved with adenosine. Radiographic contrast injection causes submaximal coronary hyperemia. Therefore, intracoronary contrast could provide an easy and inexpensive tool for predicting FFR. Methods: We recruited patients undergoing routine FFR assessment and made paired, repeated measurements of all physiology metrics (Pd/Pa, iFR, cFFR, and FFR). Contrast medium and dose were per local practice, as was the dose of intracoronary adenosine. Operators were encouraged to perform both intracoronary and intravenous adenosine assessments and a final drift check to assess wire calibration. A central core lab analyzed blinded pressure tracings in a standardized fashion. Results: A total of 763 subjects were enrolled from 12 international centers. Contrast volume was 8 ± 2 ml per measurement, and 8 different contrast media were used. Repeated measurements of each metric showed a bias &lt;0.005, but a lower SD (less variability) for cFFR than resting indexes. Although Pd/Pa and iFR demonstrated equivalent performance against FFR ≤0.8 (78.5% vs. 79.9% accuracy; p = 0.78; area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve: 0.875 vs. 0.881; p = 0.35), cFFR improved both metrics (85.8% accuracy and 0.930 area; p &lt; 0.001 for each) with an optimal binary threshold of 0.83. A hybrid decision-making strategy using cFFR required adenosine less often than when based on either Pd/Pa or iFR. Conclusions: cFFR provides diagnostic performance superior to that of Pd/Pa or iFR for predicting FFR. For clinical scenarios or health care systems in which adenosine is contraindicated or prohibitively expensive, cFFR offers a universal technique to simplify invasive coronary physiological assessments. Yet FFR remains the reference standard for diagnostic certainty as even cFFR reached only ∼85% agreement

Chemical informatics uncovers a new role for moexipril as a novel inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4)

PDE4 is one of eleven known cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase families and plays a pivotal role in mediating hydrolytic degradation of the important cyclic nucleotide second messenger, cyclic 3′5′ adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). PDE4 inhibitors are known to have anti-inflammatory properties, but their use in the clinic has been hampered by mechanism-associated side effects that limit maximally tolerated doses. In an attempt to initiate the development of better-tolerated PDE4 inhibitors we have surveyed existing approved drugs for PDE4-inhibitory activity. With this objective, we utilised a high-throughput computational approach that identified moexipril, a well tolerated and safe angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, as a PDE4 inhibitor. Experimentally we showed that moexipril and two structurally related analogues acted in the micro molar range to inhibit PDE4 activity. Employing a FRET-based biosensor constructed from the nucleotide binding domain of the type 1 exchange protein activated by cAMP, EPAC1, we demonstrated that moexipril markedly potentiated the ability of forskolin to increase intracellular cAMP levels. Finally, we demonstrated that the PDE4 inhibitory effect of moexipril is functionally able to induce phosphorylation of the Hsp20 by cAMP dependent protein kinase A. Our data suggest that moexipril is a bona fide PDE4 inhibitor that may provide the starting point for development of novel PDE4 inhibitors with an improved therapeutic window

Efficacy of olmesartan/amlodipine combination therapy in reducing ambulatory blood pressure in moderate-to-severe hypertensive patients not controlled by amlodipine alone

Efficacy of olmesartan/amlodipine combination therapy in reducing ambulatory blood pressure in moderate-to-severe hypertensive patients not controlled by amlodipine alon