Characterization of G -Semigroup by Intuitionistic N-Fuzzy Set (INFS) and its level set

Some characterizations of G -Semigroup by intuitionistic N-fuzzy sets have been given here. The concept of intuitionistic N-fuzzy set (INFS) and its level set has been applied to G -semigroup. The notions of intuitionistic N-fuzzy G -subsemigroup and intuitionistic N-fuzzy G - ideals (left, right, lateral, quasi, and bi) have been introduced and characterized by intuitionistic N-fuzzy sets

[Review of] Sameer Y. Abraham and Nabeel Abraham, eds. Arabs in the New World

This book is a collection of sociological essays on immigrant Arab communities in the United States. It is divided into three sections: the first provides historical background to the flow of immigrants from Arab countries; the second is devoted to case studies of Arab communities in the Detroit area (where the greatest concentration of Arab-Americans in the United States is located); and the third provides a useful bibliography of current scholarship about Arab-Americans

Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) post-processing implementation : numerical approach

The accepted dosimetric measure of electromagnetic (EM) exposure is the specific absorption rate (SAR), which is defined as the power absorbed per unit mass of tissue. International standards for compliance testing of hand-held mobile communication devices define various cubical averaging schemes to obtain the spatial peak averaged specific absorption rate. In this paper, a numerical approach to illustrate the validation and uncertainty contributions of a SAR post-processing algorithm is described. Simplified interpolation and extrapolation techniques to calculate the 1g SAR for a 2.5 mm mesh grid are evaluated. Furthermore, using linear, nearest, and spline interpolation in MATLAB, the effects of the extrapolation order on the assessment of the resultant error are examined

Sheep and goat organic meat production in the mediterranean region

All animal livestock of the South Mediterranean Countries suffer from climatic condition of mild region characterised by moist winter and hot dry summer. Crop resources in the majority of the countries cannot cover the animal need, so farmer has two solutions feeding his flock under than necessary with effects on yield of production or adding in the animal ration a concentrate with high energy value but this is costly. Also the majority of small ruminants breeds in Mediterranean countries are local breeds which are well adapted to the local conditions but with low level of production . For this reasons organic animal production appears the most suited solution to solve these problems because organic agriculture with its specific techniques uses less quantities of inputs (minimum of concentrated aliments) and valorises pasture resources with good management of grazing. As to organic production it is preferable to have local animal breed, the most important criterion is the quality of the product and not the quantity. Consumers start now to give more importance to quality of meat consumed because of the problems of BSE , toxins and brucellosis. They aim at healthy products with traceability and without any use of OGM crops or animal powder in animal ration. This condition can be easily realised with organic techniques. Many Mediterranean countries like Tunisia start to make policies supporting the organic agriculture sector and write their own regulation based on IFOAM Basic Guidelines and EU-Regulation. In Tunisia legislation for organic animal production is in preparation now and must be effective before the end of 2001 but the analysis of draft standards shows that there is a copy of UE-Regulation 2092/91 for animal production. This legislation may present some problems in terms of application because of the wide differences between European conditions and Tunisian conditions, for instance techniques of flock conduct are different because of the climatic conditions, traditional farm habits and nature of animal breed. Other problems for Mediterranean countries concern the lack of local markets for organic meat, so all the production is for exportation towards European market and here it seems impossible to export living animal because of European restriction in terms of processing. In the case of Tunisia there is no slaughterhouse which respond to international standards that’s why nowadays southern Mediterranean countries cannot export their meat (organic or conventional) towards developed countries. The only solution is to develop local market and to have at international level slaughterhouses , means of storage and meat processing

Chief Justice John “Marshall” Roberts—How the Chief Justice’s Majority Opinion Upholding the Federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 Evokes Chief Justice Marshall’s Decision in Marbury v. Madison

[Excerpt] “The United States Supreme Court sustained the Federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 based on Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr.’s majority opinion in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius. The decision was feted by President Obama, liberal politicians, activists, and citizens who feared the Supreme Court would use its judicial review powers to invalidate the signature achievement of the United States’ forty-fourth President. Unsurprisingly, the decision disappointed many conservatives, who expected the Court to exercise its judicial review power to invalidate what is arguably the most important and ambitious piece of federal social welfare legislation signed into law by any President since the Great Society Era. The Act is very unpopular with conservatives and right-wing media pundits because it was signed into law by a Democratic President in a country with increasingly pronounced partisan political cleavages and because it substantially reallocates resources in an industry that already consumes nearly one-fifth of the nation’s gross domestic product. Opponents of the Act seized on the “individual mandate,” which requires federal income tax-paying individuals to “ensure that the individual, and any dependent of the individual who is an applicable individual, is covered under minimum essential coverage . . . from private health insurance companies or pay what the Act describes as a “shared responsibility payment” or “penalty” directly to the Internal Revenue Service of the United States Treasury Department (“IRS”).