Benign prostatic hyperplasia : Part 2-management

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Benign prostatic hyperplasia : Part 1- diagnosis

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Influence of engineered interfaces on residual stresses and mechanical response in metal matrix composites

Because of the inherent coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between fiber and matrix within metal and intermetallic matrix composite systems, high residual stresses can develop under various thermal loading conditions. These conditions include cooling from processing temperature to room temperature as well as subsequent thermal cycling. As a result of these stresses, within certain composite systems, radial, circumferential, and/or longitudinal cracks have been observed to form at the fiber matrix interface region. A number of potential solutions for reducing this thermally induced residual stress field have been proposed recently. Examples of some potential solutions are high CTE fibers, fiber preheating, thermal anneal treatments, and an engineered interface. Here the focus is on designing an interface (by using a compensating/compliant layer concept) to reduce or eliminate the thermal residual stress field and, therefore, the initiation and propagation of cracks developed during thermal loading. Furthermore, the impact of the engineered interface on the composite's mechanical response when subjected to isothermal mechanical load histories is examined

The intrinsic electrical equivalent circuit of a laser diode

The basic electrical equivalent circuit of a laser diode is derived. The effects of spontaneous emission and self-pulsations are included. It is found that self-pulsations are represented by a negative resistance in the model. Application of this model suggests purely electronic methods of suppressing relaxation oscillations in laser diodes

A new framework for Bible translation

Since the time in which Nida and Taber published The theory and practice of translation, there have been dramatic changes in the communication situations of Bible translation throughout the world. Further, advances in a variety of academic disciplines have enabled us to recognise and move beyond shortcomings of that work's portrayal of language, communication and translation. A recent project by the United Bible Societies has attempted to provide a more contemporary framework for understanding Bible translation. This paper focuses on the communication model developed for this project. Avoiding the fallacy of the conduit metaphor of communication, it explicitly refers to the goals of the participants in a communication situation and the organisational as well as sociocultural frames within which texts are produced and perceived. The framework suggested by this model encourages viewing translation as a process involving churches, communities and publishers as well as translators and choosing a particular translation approach in terms of mutually agreed upon goals. The Bible translation process may involve not just producing a text to represent the sacred text, but also supplementary texts to enhance understanding and appreciation of both the translation and the translated. (Acta Theologica, Supplementum 2, 2002: 140-163

Relationship between grammatical development and stuttering in young children [abstract]

Abstract only availableFaculty Mentor: Stacy Wagovich, Communication Science & DisordersBackground: Over the past decade, there has been increased interest in the effects of developing language skills on stuttering in young children. There has been particular interest in the relationship between stuttering and aspects of syntactic development (e.g., see Ratner, 1997, for a discussion). The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship over time between stuttering and syntax in young children. Method: Eleven children, ages 2 to 5 years, were recruited for the study. Each received a series of speech and language tests, and each demonstrated language performance within normal limits. In addition, each of the children was classified as a child who stuttered at the beginning of the study. Children then returned to the clinic for 10 monthly sessions in which each child produced spontaneous speech/language in the course of play. Samples were then transcribed and analyzed, using the language sample analysis program SALT, for grammatical content and the presence of stuttering. Language analyses included the average length of utterances, the longest utterance produced, and the presence of certain grammatical markers. The main fluency analysis was percent stuttered syllables. Results and Implications: The severity of stuttering differed among children in the study. In addition, for individual children, stuttering and grammatical performance showed changes across sessions. The relationship between stuttering and grammatical skills varied across children; some children appeared to show correspondence between the frequency of their stuttering and grammatical performance over the course of the year. For some of the children, although their standardized language test performance was within normal limits, the length of their utterances appeared below average relative to same-age peers. These findings may suggest that for some children, stuttering impacts their expressive/grammatical language skills, even though language test performance is within the normal range.School of Health Professions Undergraduate Research Progra

The Relationships Among School Nurse to Student Ratios, Self-efficacy for Type 1 Diabetes Management, and Glycemic Control in Adolescents

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Adolescents with T1DM experience decreased treatment adherence, poor glycemic control, and acute complications more frequently than adults. Self-efficacy is the belief that one can carry out specific behaviors in specific situations and is the major determinant of intention, and has been shown to influence diabetes self-management in the adolescent. School nurses are in a unique position to influence self-efficacy for type 1 diabetes management in adolescents. Although previous research has shown that school nurses positively influence student health outcomes in a variety of ways, there is little empirical evidence regarding the impact of the school nurse on students’ perceptions of their self-efficacy, or ability, to manage their diabetes. The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to determine if there is a relationship among the school nurse to student ratio, self-efficacy for type 1 diabetes management, and glycemic control in adolescents; age and diabetes duration were also explored. The sample consisted of 89 parent-adolescent dyads. Adolescents aged 10-16 years old with T1DM completed the Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Self-Management (SEDM) scale and a brief questionnaire about diabetes in the school setting. Parents completed a 42-item questionnaire about adolescents’ diabetes in general and in the school setting. A negative correlation (r = -.244, p = .021) was noted between school nurse to student ratio and glycemic control, measured by HbA1c levels. No statistically significant relationships were found between self-efficacy for type 1 diabetes management and either school nurse to student ratio or HbA1c levels. The SEDM was associated with age (r = .224, p = .036) and showed gender differences; a t-test was significant, t(87) = -2.00, p = .048, with females scoring higher. A large correlation between school nurse to student ratio and age was also noted (r = .539, p \u3c .01). Several other findings derived from the questionnaires contribute new knowledge to the paucity of existing literature on school nursing and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, with numerous implications for nursing practice, education, research, and policy

Single-growth embedded epitaxy AlGaAs injection lasers with extremely low threshold currents

A new type of strip-geometry AlGaAs double-heterostructure laser with an embedded optical waveguide has been developed. The new structure is fabricated using a single step of epitaxial growth. Lasers with threshold currents as low as 9.5 mA (150 µm long) were obtained. These lasers exhibit operation in a single spatial and longitudinal mode, have differential quantum efficiencies exceeding 45%, and a characteristic temperature of 175° C. They emit more than 12 mW/facet of optical power without any kinks