Generating descriptive text from functional brain images

Recent work has shown that it is possible to take brain images of a subject acquired while they saw a scene and reconstruct an approximation of that scene from the images. Here we show that it is also possible to generate _text_ from brain images. We began with images collected as participants read names of objects (e.g., ``Apartment'). Without accessing information about the object viewed for an individual image, we were able to generate from it a collection of semantically pertinent words (e.g., "door," "window"). Across images, the sets of words generated overlapped consistently with those contained in articles about the relevant concepts from the online encyclopedia Wikipedia. The technique described, if developed further, could offer an important new tool in building human computer interfaces for use in clinical settings

INDIRECT UTILITY FUNCTIONS AND TESTABLE CONDITIONS

We develop testable hypotheses for utility maximization given risk averse producers based on a general specification of the utility function. This is a direct expansion of the model posed by Pope (1978). Empirical tests using production data with a translog specification indicate that utility maximization does not always hold.Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,

The Triple Bottom Line: What is the Impact on the Returns to Agribusiness?

event-study, sustainability, profitability, corporate social responsibility, Dow Jones Sustainability Index, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, Financial Economics, Risk and Uncertainty,

A piac szerepe a magyar és a német mozdulatművészet professzionalizációjában

The trends that surfaced as an alternative to ballet in performative dance, and as new forms of physical exercise other than gymnastics and sports in Europe in the first half of the 20th century can be referred to collectively as eurythmics. Its first forms were created in mid-19th century France due to a desire for renewing theatre, and it started spreading in North America, primarily among upper middle-class women. The efforts and experiments of this social group brought about the first gymnastics system of the era that’s sole purpose was healthy physical activity, and which was designed with the characteristics of the female body in mind. The expressive movement practice called freeform dance and female gymnastics with the purpose of counteracting the harmful effects of modern life both appeared in Europe at the turn of the century, where they became intertwined with various art, education, and life reform movements, creating new trends within this category. Central Europe, particularly Germany, where ballet didn’t have strong traditional roots, became the centre of the gymnastics movement developing together with modern artistic dance. The institutionalisation of eurythmics, and its practitioners forming a professional community is an interesting example of how an emancipatory movement critical of modernisation and capitalism transforms into a market of modern services and finds its place in the hierarchy of careers and professions. The study compares German and Hungarian eurhythmics to find out what conflicts surrounded this integration, and how the market itself affected this process

Factors Affecting the Adoption of Genetically Modified Crops by Young and Beginning U.S. Farmers and Ranchers

The comprehensive set of programs in the 2008 Farm Bill designed to support Young and Beginning Farmers and Ranchers (YBFR), combined with a substantial amount of resources allocated to each of these programs, can be viewed as an investment in ensuring the future sustainability of the U.S. agriculture system. Understanding the factors that influence YBFR to adopt technology will become increasingly important if YBFR are to succeed. Of particular interest is why YBFR adopt Bt corn, Bt cotton, and HT soybeans. Results conform to a majority of our a priori expectations; YBFRs are more likely to adopt GM crops if they are not a full owner of the farm operation, as sales of the farm operation grow, if the crop is important to their region, and as they become more risk averse.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Protecting Your Turf: First-mover Advantages as a Barrier to Competitor Innovation

Product innovation for a juice company and its associated first-mover advantages are analyzed. Stochastic simulation is used to model market size, price, competitive intensity, and the likelihood of competitor entry. Results of moving first allow the firm to capture market share, realize first-mover advantages in excess of $2 million, and deter competitor innovation. In addition, the proposed model is flexible enough to be applied in other industries.Product innovation, first-mover advantages, barriers to entry, stochastic simulation, uncertainty, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Identifying Abnormal Returns to Food and Agribusiness Stocks on Key Farm Policy Legislative Dates

The efficient market hypothesis would suggest that stock prices incorporate the information revealed in the public process of creating legislation as the debate occurred. Thus, there should be no abnormal returns to agribusiness stocks on key legislative dates when drafting and altering the farm bill. Using an event study methodology, key legislative dates are tested for abnormal returns to firms that supply inputs to or process outputs of agricultural producers. Typically, agribusinesses react on the date legislation emerges from the joint House and Senate conference committee.agribusiness stock values, event study, farm bill, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy,

Innovativeness and Innovation: Implications for the Renewable Materials Supply Chain

innovativeness, innovation, supply chain management, triple bottom line, corporate social responsibility, Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Demand and Price Analysis, Financial Economics, Q10, Q27, Q42, Q47,

Internet Access and Internet Purchasing Patterns of Farm Households

The Internet is becoming an increasingly important management tool in production agriculture. Using data from the 2004 Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) and a double-hurdle estimation approach, we explore the adoption of computers with Internet access by and Internet purchasing patterns of farm households. Adoption of the Internet is positively related to age and education of the operator, off-farm work, presence of spouse, participation in government programs, farm size, and regional location of the farm. Internet purchasing patterns of farm households are positively related to the education of the operator and spouse, presence of teenagers, and regional location of the farm. Finally, farm businesses and their households are more likely to purchase a greater percentage of non-durable goods through the Internet as distances to markets increase.adoption of Internet, education, farm size, farm households, Internet, double-hurdle model, farm business, major household items, minor farm inputs, Agricultural Finance, Consumer/Household Economics, Farm Management,