Nommer l’animal déviant. Le cas de la vache stérile en domaine occitan

Le présent article se propose d’analyser un ensemble de données dialectales occitanes relatives au concept de vache stérile. Ce faisant, il rend compte des liens qui unissent l’homme et l’animal domestique considéré, de par sa déviance, comme inutile par son propriétaire. L’analyse d’un corpus dialectal offrant une vision de la variation lexicale en vigueur, des processus morphologiques à l’œuvre et des diverses filiations étymologiques attestées, met en lumière les visions du monde particulières, les ressorts cognitifs, les liens culturels et représentationnels qui lient l’animal infécond, sa dénomination et l’éleveur.This paper aims to give an analysis of some lexical datas associated to the concept of “infertile cow” in Occitan dialects. By doing this, it shows the relations between a useless or deviant domesticated mammal and it’s owner. Taking into consideration a dialectal corpus of lexical datas, analysing lexical variation, morphological process and etymological connections, it points out wolrdviews, cultural and cognitives links that bond the animal, its name and its breeder

Le mal de l'œil et l'amulette : pratiques thérapeutiques en territoire purhepecha au Mexique

Ail, huile et romarin : trois ingrédients employés par la Xurhiski (guérisseuse) pour prévenir le mal de l'œil. © Florence Malfatto, avril 2016 Cette image a été prise en avril 2016, dans la communauté purhépecha de Santa Fe de la Laguna, située dans la zone lacustre du Michoacán (centre-ouest du territoire mexicain), où je réalisais une étude filmique et ethnographique. L'objet de mon investigation portait alors sur une maladie dont plusieurs membres de la communauté estimaient que j'étais ..

Familial hypercholesterolemia in cardiac rehabilitation: a new field of interest

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a frequently undiagnosed genetic disease characterized by substantial elevations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The prevalence of heterozygous FH (HeFH) in the general population is 1:500 inhabitants, while the prevalence of homozygous FH (HoFH) is 1:1,000,000. If FH is not identified and aggressively treated at an early age, affected individuals have a 20-fold increased lifetime risk of coronary heart disease compared with the general population. This narrative review provide a concise overview of recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of adults and children with FH, and discuss the utility of considering FH as a comorbidity at the entry of cardiac rehabilitation programme

Apparent digestibility of insect protein meals for rainbow trout

Insect meals are considered to be promising future ingredients for aquaculture feeds. In past feeding trials in rainbow trout, insect meals were included in diets only on the basis of their nutrients content and energy density without taking into account their biological availability due to the lack of their digestible values. Apparent digestibility (ADC) provides good indication of the bioavailability of nutrients and energy thus providing rational basis for the correct inclusion of feedstuffs. The aim of this research was to assess, in an in vivo trial on rainbow trout, the ADC of five full fat insect meals: one Tenebrio molitor (TM), two Hermetia illucens obtained through two different process (HI1 and HI2), one Musca domestica (MD), and one Alphitobius diaperinus (AD). Fish were fed a high-quality reference diet (R) and test diets obtained mixing the R diet with each of the test ingredients at a ratio of 70:30. Diets contained 1% celite as inert marker. Fish were fed to visual satiety twice a day and faecal samples collected using a continuous automatic device. Faeces were freeze dried and frozen (-20 \ub0C) until analyses. The ADC of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract of each insect meal diet were calculated. ADC for dry matter varied between 70.07 (HI1) and 80.85 (TM). ADC for protein was above 84% in all treatments and resulted the highest in MD, TM and AD treatments. Ether extract apparent digestibility significantly differed among diets with the highest value reported for TM treatment. All treatments reported values higher than 96%. Observed differences could be due to the insect species and meal treatment but in general, tested insect meals were highly digestible for rainbow trout. The results from this research could be useful to optimize the diet formulation

Pasture-based swine management: behaviour and performances of growing-finishing pigs

A pasture-based swine management (PBSM) trial was conducted in Piemonte (N-W Italy) to study the performances and the carcass yield of 16 hybrid pigs (8 castrated males and 8 females; average initial weight: 90 kg). Animals were allowed to forage pea, clover, beet and alfalfa pastures for 170 days in a crop-pasture rotation on different paddocks. A concentrate was fed to supply 50% of estimated energy requirements. Forage dry matter intake (DMI) ranged from 0.32 kg/day (alfalfa) to 2.85 kg/day (pea), depending on the period and forage type. Pigs were weighted every 30 days and at slaughtering; average daily gain (ADG) was 0.29 kg. The stocking rate (SR) ranged from 109 kg/ha LW (clover) to 2347 kg/ha LW (pea). Data collected at slaughtering (average final weight: 141 kg) were: hot carcass weight and yield, lean and fat cuts weight, backfat thickness, pH45 and pH24. The statistical analysis (ANOVA of SPSS) did not show differences between males and females. Results showed that PBSM should be especially appealing to limited-resource farmers due to low inputs needed; pasture can be used to replace 50% of the nutritional needs, helping to save on grain costs, without affecting carcass characteristics

Use of natural extract of chestnut (Silvafeed ENC®) in broiler feeding: effect on growth performance

The aim of this research was to study the effect of addition of natural extract of chestnut (Castanea sativa) Silvafeed ENC® in commercial feed on the growth of broilers. Two hundred and four broiler chicks (Cobb 508) 14 d old male, were randomly assigned to 12 floor pens and fed commercial diet supplemented with 0% (CE0), 0.15% (CE15), 0.20% (CE20) and 0.25% (CE25) of ENC. The ENC addition showed a beneficial effect on weight increases daily feed intake (DFI) and average daily gain (ADG) from 14 to 35 days of age. In the second half of trial the effects were less evident and concluding with a detrimental effect in CE25 group. Feed conversion rate (FCR) appears to be statistically different in the second and fifth weeks of feeding. The inclusion of ENC at 0.20%, (CE20) had significant influences on final weight, DFI and ADG and a favourable influence on FCR in comparison with the other three groups. In conclusion, ENC has been shown to be beneficial at concentrations between 0.15% and 0.20%

The establishment of a database of Italian feeds for the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System

A field application of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) in Italy has been limited because thefeed bank is based on North American feedstuffs and still few laboratories are able to analyze feeds as requested by theCNCPS. Moreover, the standardization of analytical procedures is still not homogeneous among laboratories. This workwas carried out to establish a first database for feeds commonly used in Italy, providing nutritionists and producers anaccurate and current feed composition, also indicating methods and apparatus for analytical procedures potentially availablefor routine analysis. A total of 909 samples of hays, silages and raw materials (protein feeds, cereals and by-products)were analyzed through 1999 and 2002; analysis included protein solubility and degradability, protein fractions,structural carbohydrate fractions and the calculation of neutral detergent structural carbohydrates. When possible, averagedata were compared with those included in the feed bank of CNCPS ver. 3 and with those obtained by another Italianlaboratory. The main differences were observed in chemical composition of forages and silages, whose composition largelydepends on environmental conditions and physiological stage; protein feeds, cereals and by-products showed somedifferences in crude protein, soluble protein and protein fractions even in feeds of national origin.The intent to modify the feed bank values of CNCPS for establishing an Italian data base of feeds will require a collaborativestudy of many laboratories not only for forages, hays and silages samples - whose composition is greatly dependenton environmental factors and agronomic techniques - but also for protein fractions, whose values are largely influencedby even small changes in analytical techniques