Reporting and appraising the context, process and impact of PPI on contributors, researchers and the trial during a randomised controlled trial - the 3D study

Background Patient and public involvement (PPI) is believed to enhance health care delivery research, and is widely required in research proposals. Detailed, standardised reporting of PPI is needed so that strategies to implement more than token PPI that achieves impact can be identified, properly evaluated and reproduced. Impact includes effects on the research, PPI contributors and researchers. Using contributor and researcher perspectives and drawing on published guidelines for reporting PPI, we aimed to reflect on our experience and contribute evidence relevant to two important questions: ‘What difference does PPI make?’ and ‘What’s the best way to do it?’ Methods Fourteen people living with multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity) were PPI contributors to a randomised controlled trial to improve care for people with multimorbidity. Meetings took place approximately four times a year throughout the trial, beginning at grant application stage. Meeting notes were recorded and a log of PPI involvement was kept. At the end of the trial, seven PPI contributors and four researchers completed free-text questionnaires about their experience of PPI involvement and their perception of PPI impact. The responses were analysed thematically by two PPI contributors and one researcher. The PPI group proposed writing this report, which was co-authored by three PPI contributors and two researchers. Results Meeting attendance averaged nine PPI contributors and three to four researchers. The involvement log and meeting notes recorded a wide range of activities and impact including changes to participant documentation, advice on qualitative data collection, contribution to data analysis and dissemination advice. Three themes were identified from the questionnaires: impact on the study, including keeping the research grounded in patient experience; impact on individuals, including learning from group diversity and feeling valued; and an environment that facilitated participation. The size of the group influenced impact. Researchers and PPI contributors described a rewarding interaction that benefitted them and the research. Conclusions PPI was wide-ranging and had impact on the trial, contributors and researchers. The group environment facilitated involvement. Feedback and group interactions benefitted individuals. The insights gained from this study will positively influence the researchers’ and contributors’ future involvement with PPI

Octet baryon electromagnetic form factors in nuclear medium

We study the octet baryon electromagnetic form factors in nuclear matter using the covariant spectator quark model extended to the nuclear matter regime. The parameters of the model in vacuum are fixed by the study of the octet baryon electromagnetic form factors. In nuclear matter the changes in hadron properties are calculated by including the relevant hadron masses and the modification of the pion-baryon coupling constants calculated in the quark-meson coupling model. In nuclear matter the magnetic form factors of the octet baryons are enhanced in the low $Q^2$ region, while the electric form factors show a more rapid variation with $Q^2$. The results are compared with the modification of the bound proton electromagnetic form factors observed at Jefferson Lab. In addition, the corresponding changes for the bound neutron are predicted.Comment: Version accepted for publication in J.Phys. G. Few changes. 40 pages, 14 figures and 8 table

Theory of strongly correlated f and d-electron systems. I. Exact Hamiltonian, Hubbard-Anderson models and perturbation theory near atomic limit within non-orthogonal basis set

The theory of correlated electron systems is formulated in a form which allows to use as a reference point an ab initio band structure theory (AIBST). The theory is constructed in two steps. As a first step the total Hamiltonian is transformed into a correlated form. In order to elucidate the microscopical origin of the parameters of the periodical Hubbard-Anderson model (PHAM) the terms of the full Hamiltonian which have the operator structure of PHAM are separated. It is found that the matrix element of mixing interaction includes ion-configuration and number-of-particles dependent contributions from the Coulomb interaction. In a second step the diagram technique (DT) is developed by means of generalization of the Baym-Kadanoff method for correlated systems.Comment: 40 pages, 6 figure

Writing in Britain and Ireland, c. 400 to c. 800

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