The prosecution of environmental offences in New Zealand

This paper will examine the background law regarding environmental offences under the Resource Management Act 1991 (NZ), prosecution trends, sentencing for RMA offences (including principles of sentencing, sentencing discretion, legislative guidance, appellate guidance, guideline judgments, and tariffs), the use of costs in conjunction with sentencing, recent appeal judgments, and finally draw conclusions regarding consistency and sentencing in relation to environmental offences. Where relevant comparisons will be made with the Australian jurisdictions

Evolving practice - The environment court of New Zealand

Practice before the Environment Court is evolving. Recent innovations have included enhanced support for Judges through the appointment of case managers and hearings managers, digital recording of evidence, provision for Commissioner only hearings, the introduction of case management, increased use of alternative dispute resolution, and the introduction of a code of conduct for expert witnesses. Discussions about the circumstances in which evidence may be taken as read continue, and the recent debate on the review of the Resource Management Act 1991 ("RMA") posed difficult questions about judicial deference to Local Authority decisions. Most recently the first judgment of the Supreme Court on the RMA has posed serious questions about the independence of expert witness in certain situations. How these issues are resolved will have an impact on the role of expert witnesses before the Environment Court. They will be examined against the background of the reforms enacted by Parliament in the Resource Management Amendment Act 2005 ("RMAA 2005")

Securing Rights, Combating Climate Change: How Strengthening Community Forest Rights Mitigates Climate Change

This report analyzes the growing body of evidence linking community forest rights with healthier forests and lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.This report makes a strong case for strengthening the rights of indigenous and local communities over their forests as a policy tool for mitigating climate change

Something new out of Armenia

This paper aims to examine the closeness of Quintilian to Aelius Theon in the light of the known Greek and also the new Armenian material. In the process I shall be trying to establish precisely what went on in an ancient school of rhetoric at the pre-declamation stage; I shall hope to throw some new light on Quintilian’s tenth book; and I shall argue that what a boy learned before he came on to declamation ‘proper’ was of great importance to his education, and had a disproportionate effect on anything he might write in later life

Political Cartographies in Aquarius

The premiere of Kleber Mendonça Filho’s film Aquarius coincided with the beginning of impeachment processes against former president Dilma Rousseff, spurring the filmmaking team to voice their opinions on the Cannes red carpet and in subsequent public discourse. In the following months the film became an important point of reference on the cultural landscape of Brazil, snubbed for selection for the Oscars, and involved in a debate over censorship. By first studying the content and cinematic techniques employed in telling the intimate story of contested space in the historic seafront building that is the film’s subject, and then analyzing the film and its reception as a cultural object at a certain political moment in Brazil during which time the film garnered significant attention and meaning beyond what is presented on screen, this article explores the deep politicization and extensive political cartography of Aquarius

Range Extensions and Additions to the South African Marine Ichthyofauna, with the Description of a New Species of Congrogadid from Kwazulu

Range extensions for 17 species of marine fishes are recorded, and a new species of congrogadid is described. Of the new records, 12 are new to South Africa or are here reported to have a greater range within South Africa than previously recorded, and 4 have not been reported from the Indian Ocean before (Plectroglyphidodon phoenixensis, Gymnothorax fuscomaculatus, Samariscus triocellatusand Synodus englemani) Halimuraena shakai n. sp. is described on the basis of 23 specimens taken in 12 - 15 m of water from the reef off Sodwana Bay, Kwazulu. Emmelanthias stigmapteron is redescribed on the basis of 2 additional specimens (previously only known from the holotype), and 3 more specimens of Batrichthys felinus are reported (previously known from 4 specimens)

Trainee teachers’ developing values and practice in relation to assessment

AbstractThis study uses a survey methodology to examine trainee teachers’ developing values and practice in relation to assessment during their initial teacher education and training. It examines whether the factors underpinning trainees’ values and practice change during their ITET year, how the model fit between secondary trainees’ practice and qualified teachers’ practice develops during trainees’ ITET year, and how the model fit between secondary trainees’ values and qualified teachers’ practice develops during trainees’ ITET year

The birds of the alien acacia thickets of the South Western Cape

Zoologica Africana 5(I): 49-5

Additions to, and range extensions of, the South African marine ichthyofauna

Range extensions for 24 species of western Indian Ocean fishes are recorded, including 11 new additions to the fish fauna of the Republic of South Africa. It was found that Lycodontis laysanus (Steindachner), as referred to by Smith (1962a), is the common Pacific Gymnothorax eurostus (Abbott). On the basis of specimens examined, Gobius keiensis Smith, 1938, is a junior synonym of Gobius aculipermis Valenciennes