The iconography of the English town: maps and views 1500–1800, with special reference to the towns of East Anglia

As part of a European-wide project sponsored by the Leverhulme Trust, this dissertation examines the history and development of map-making in Europe and England to 1800, showing the various uses and interpretations of maps and views. A county by county descriptive catalogue of maps and views of towns in East Anglia is included

Evaluating MI512: An information literacy course for PhD students

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of a six-week information literacy course for research students that was redesigned following the librarians undertaking the Postgraduate Certificate in Teaching in Higher Education. The paper presents a case study and evaluation of the impact of a teaching programme. Findings — Research students appreciate and value the expertise of library staff and are prepared to devote considerable time to an information literacy programme. The programme received excellent feedback. There is no summative assessment associated with the course and so no quantitative measure of improvement in learning. The paper provides a model programme other librarians can adapt for use at their own institution. Extended doctoral level information literacy courses are relatively uncommon and demonstrates the benefit of this type of course, to research

Bis(μ-2-tert-butyl­phenyl­imido-1:2κ2 N:N)chlorido-2κCl-(diethyl ether-1κO)(2η5-penta­methyl­cyclo­penta­dien­yl)lithiumtantalum(V)

In the title compound, [LiTa(C10H15)(C10H13N)2Cl(C4H10O)], the TaV atom is coordinated by a η5-penta­methyl­cyclo­penta­dienyl (Cp*) ligand, a chloride ion and two N-bonded 2-tert-butyl­phenyl­imide dianions. With respect to the two N atoms, the chloride ion and the centroid of the Cp* ring, the tantalum coordination geometry is approximately tetra­hedral. The lithium cation is bonded to both the 2-tert-butyl­phenyl­imide dianions and also a diethyl ether mol­ecule, in an approximate trigonal planar arrangement. The Ta⋯Li separation is 2.681 (15) Å. In the crystal, a weak C—H⋯Cl inter­action links the mol­ecules. When compared to the 2,6-diisopropyl­phenyl­imide analogue (‘the Wigley derivative’) of the title compound, the two structures are conformationally matched with an overall r.m.s. difference of 0.461Å

5,11,17,23,29,35-Hexa-tert-butyl-37,38,39,40,41,42-hexa­kis­(eth­oxy­carbonyl­meth­oxy)calix[6]arene acetonitrile disolvate

In the title compound, C90H120O18·2CH3CN, the calix[6]arene has a 1,2,3-alternate conformation and possesses inversion symmetry. It crystallizes as an acetonitrile disolvate, with a half-mol­ecule of calix[6]arene and one mol­ecule of solvent in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal, the two solvent mol­ecules are enclosed in voids between the calix[6]arene mol­ecules. They form weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving an O atom of the lower rim substituent. The cavity of the calix[6]arene itself is enclosed by two opposite phenol rings, which are turned into the cavity due to the presence of a C—H⋯π inter­action. The calix[6]arene mol­ecule exhibits disorder of one substituent on its lower rim [occupancy ratio 0.897 (3):0.103 (3)]

Indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric healthcare use and severe disease: a retrospective national cohort study

OBJECTIVES: To determine the indirect consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric healthcare utilisation and severe disease at a national level following lockdown on 23 March 2020. DESIGN: National retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Emergency childhood primary and secondary care providers across Scotland; two national paediatric intensive care units (PICUs); statutory death records. PARTICIPANTS: 273 455 unscheduled primary care attendances; 462 437 emergency department attendances; 54 076 emergency hospital admissions; 413 PICU unplanned emergency admissions requiring invasive mechanical ventilation; and 415 deaths during the lockdown study period and equivalent dates in previous years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of emergency care consultations, attendances and admissions; clinical severity scores on presentation to PICU; rates and causes of childhood death. For all data sets, rates during the lockdown period were compared with mean or aggregated rates for the equivalent dates in 2016–2019. RESULTS: The rates of emergency presentations to primary and secondary care fell during lockdown in comparison to previous years. Emergency PICU admissions for children requiring invasive mechanical ventilation also fell as a proportion of cases for the entire population, with an OR of 0.52 for likelihood of admission during lockdown (95% CI 0.37 to 0.73), compared with the equivalent period in previous years. Clinical severity scores did not suggest children were presenting with more advanced disease. The greatest reduction in PICU admissions was for diseases of the respiratory system; those for injury, poisoning or other external causes were equivalent to previous years. Mortality during lockdown did not change significantly compared with 2016–2019. CONCLUSIONS: National lockdown led to a reduction in paediatric emergency care utilisation, without associated evidence of severe harm

Endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Guideline

PURPOSE: To develop recommendations about endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor (HR) -positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). METHODS: The American Society of Clinical Oncology convened an Expert Panel to conduct a systematic review of evidence from 2008 through 2015 to create recommendations informed by that evidence. Outcomes of interest included sequencing of hormonal agents, hormonal agents compared with chemotherapy, targeted biologic therapy, and treatment of premenopausal women. This guideline puts forth recommendations for endocrine therapy as treatment for women with HR-positive MBC. RECOMMENDATIONS: Sequential hormone therapy is the preferential treatment for most women with HR-positive MBC. Except in cases of immediately life-threatening disease, hormone therapy, alone or in combination, should be used as initial treatment. Patients whose tumors express any level of hormone receptors should be offered hormone therapy. Treatment recommendations should be based on type of adjuvant treatment, disease-free interval, and organ function. Tumor markers should not be the sole criteria for determining tumor progression; use of additional biomarkers remains experimental. Assessment of menopausal status is critical; ovarian suppression or ablation should be included in premenopausal women. For postmenopausal women, aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are the preferred first-line endocrine therapy, with or without the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor palbociclib. As second-line therapy, fulvestrant should be administered at 500 mg with a loading schedule and may be administered with palbociclib. The mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus may be administered with exemestane to postmenopausal women with MBC whose disease progresses while receiving nonsteroidal AIs. Among patients with HR-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive MBC, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-targeted therapy plus an AI can be effective for those who are not chemotherapy candidates

Ontogenetic loops in habitat use highlight the importance of littoral habitats for early life-stages of oceanic fishes in temperate waters

General concepts of larval fish ecology in temperate oceans predominantly associate dispersal and survival to exogenous mechanisms such as passive drift along ocean currents. However, for tropical reef fish larvae and species in inland freshwater systems behavioural aspects of habitat selection are evidently important components of dispersal. This study is focused on larval Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) distribution in a Baltic Sea retention area, free of lunar tides and directed current regimes, considered as a natural mesocosm. A Lorenz curve originally applied in socio-economics to describe demographic income distribution was adapted to a 20 year time-series of weekly larval herring distribution, revealing size-dependent spatial homogeneity. Additional quantitative sampling of distinct larval development stages across pelagic and littoral areas uncovered a loop in habitat use during larval ontogeny, revealing a key role of shallow littoral waters. With increasing rates of coastal change, our findings emphasize the importance of the littoral zone when considering reproduction of pelagic, ocean-going fish species; highlighting a need for more sensitive management of regional coastal zones

Synthesis, crystal structure, and DFT study of two new dinuclear copper(I) complexes bearing Ar-BIAN ligands functionalized with NO2 groups

Two new bis(aryl-imino)-acenaphthene, Ar-BIAN (Ar = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl = mes) ligands, bearing the NO2 group in the naphthalene moiety of the iminoacenaphthene at para- (5-NO2) and meta- (4-NO2) position, of formulations 1,2-bis(mes-imino)-5-nitroacenaphthene, 1, and 1,2-bis(mes-imino)-4-nitroacenaphthene, 2, were synthesized. Their respective dinuclear iodide bridged copper(I) complexes [Cu2(μ-I)2(mes-BIAN-5-NO2)2], 3 and [Cu2(μ-I)2(mes-BIAN-4-NO2)2], 4, were obtained in good yields by treatment with an equimolar amount of CuI. All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR, UV/Vis spectroscopy. DFT calculations helped to understand the different molecular structure observed in the crystals of 3 and 4 and the determining role of packing forces. TDDFT revealed that the absorption bands in the visible were essentially MLCT (Metal to Ligand Charge Transfer), with some n→π* character (intra ligand). The shift to the red compared to the spectrum of the Cu(I) complex analogue without the NO2 group, [Cu2(μ-I)2](mes-BIAN)2], 6, could be explained by the stabilization of the ligand unoccupied π* orbitals in the presence of NO2.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio