Population Characteristics, Ecology, And Management Of Wolverines In Northwestern Alaska (Gulo-Gulo)

Thesis (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1985A radiotelemetry study of wolverines was initiated in 1978 as part of a larger research program sponsored by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in northwestern Alaska. The primary goal of this research was to determine aspects of wolverine behavior and ecology that are important to the management of wolverines in northwestern Alaska. Between April 1978 and May 1981, 26 wolverines were captured, 12 males and 14 females; 23 were radiocollared. Nine wolverine kits in five litters were produced by three of the radiocollared females between March 1978 and May 1982. The average rate of reproduction for the study population was 0.6 kits/female/year. Birth of kits occurred in early March. Kits grew rapidly, reaching adult size by November. Resident female wolverines maintained home ranges that were exclusive of other females except their offspring; average summer home range size was 94 km('2). Data were insufficient to determine if adult male home ranges overlapped; overlap did occur between adult and juvenile males. Summer home range size for adult males averaged 626 km('2). Data were insufficient to determine annual home range size. Denning and raising young had a major influence on the movement patterns of adult females. Movements of males were influenced by breeding behavior from late winter through summer. Wolverine social structure appeared to be typical of the intrasexual territoriality of solitary carnivores. Wolverines scentmarked frequently using urine and secretions from the ventral gland and anal sacs. Caribou and ground squirrels were the most important foods. Food was apparently limited during the winter months and influenced wolverine movements and productivity. The presence of caribou and moose may be the most important factor influencing wolverine populations in northwestern Alaska. Wolverines do not appear to be overexploited at this time, but an attempt should be made to obtain more accurate harvest statistics and baseline data to establish wolverine population size and structure in northwestern Alaska

Letter from Marion M. Gillett, 1913-09-21, Wellesley, Ma., to Dear Mama

23 Eliot Wellesley Sept 21, 1913 Dear Mama, Papa helped me get my trunk unpacked and put it out in the hall ready for the trunk room. After my things were put away I dressed for dinner at 6:15. Friday is fish day, Saturday, beans and Sunday yet unknown. Saturday morning I went up to College Hall with Fay Hall and got my solid [?]. and then over to the gym for my suit. When we came back I went down to the village for a waste basket and a much needed soap-dish. In the afternoon I got my gym shoes, as the man was not there in the morning. They are the most hideous things I ever set eyes on. [hand drawing of shoes here] Then the girl in 24, from Kentucky, asked me to go the library with her and by the time we got home it was almost time to dress. Before I forget it I want to speak of an incident which happened [page break] in the chapel Sat. morning. The Freshies have the left transept and during the reading of the scripture a little black and tan dog promenaded up and down the isle beside me. When we got up to sing, the sexton kindly showed him the way out. I went over to see Flora Lindsey Friday P.M. and she came back with me and made quite a little call. I saw the “Webb” girl in chapel and asked her to come and see me here. She has moved to another house. Natalie Evans has changed rooms, now having 40 Noanett. Well, to go back to the last evening, a junior left a note on my desk in the afternoon saying that she would call for me at 7:15 so I put on my “bath towel” shirt and Irish crochet waist and raincoat over that. Her name is Helen McCoy, Nebraska. Nearly every student in the college was there. Our escorts [page break] had score cards and everybody that we met shook hands with us, swapped cards, putting their own name down and that of their Freshie. C[?]alma Howes’ name is down on mine and Flora Lindsey. I don’t know any of the others but if I keep it I may come to know them. Miss Penelton (How do you spell her name?) made a speech from the stairs and the president of the senior class and student gov. and Christian Association. They all welcomed 1917 to the heritage of Wellesley and hoped that we would make our class the best ever. Then they sang class songs “Under the Oaks of Old Wellesley,” “Where are the Verdant Freshman?,” “Alma Mater,” and then closed with W-E-L-L-E-S-L-E-Y Wellesley. Orange punch was all the refreshment we got and lots of punching to get even that. Our house senior, who lives in 22, escorted us home at 9:45. The house closes at that time and lights in the corridors go out at 10. [page break] We all went up to chapel this morning at 11 o’clock. The minister was from New York and preached on the text “God is Love.” We had dinner at 1 o’clock with chicken and ice cream. The food here is very good only I wish they wouldn’t serve onions and tomatoes so often. After dinner we all came up in the living room and they served coffee. Then some of the girls sang and one of the house seniors played. From 3 o’clock to 5:30 is quite hour. After breakfast this morning we gathered in the living room and had family prayers, and sang hymns until 9:30

Wolverine, Gulo gulo, Home Range Size and Denning Habitat in Lowland Boreal Forest in Ontario

We conducted the first radio-telemetry study of Wolverines in northwestern Ontario during the winter of 2003-2004 to determine whether home ranges and movements of Wolverines in lowland boreal forest were typical of this species in other ecosystems and to describe reproductive den sites in this habitat type. Seven Wolverines (3 M, 4 F) were radio-tagged and monitored for 31 to 269 (Mean ± SE = 153 ± 35) days using a combination of remotely monitored Argos satellite and conventional aerial telemetry. Male and female 95% minimum convex polygon (MCP) home ranges (±SE) during December to October were 2,563 (796) km2 and 428 (118) km2, respectively, for combined VHF and Argos locations. A lactating female had a 95% MCP home range of 262 km2. The den site for this female included large boulders and downed trees, similar to dens described for this species in montane ecosystems. Boulder complexes and downed trees may be critical features of wolverine dens in lowland boreal forests. Mean road densities (± SE) within 95% MCP and 50% MCP home ranges were 0.43 (0.13) and 0.33 (0.23) km/km2, respectively, and our results suggest that road densities may affect selection of home ranges by Wolverines. The Wolverine population was a resident, reproductive population. Erratum for table included

Effects of temperature, salinity and seed age on induction of Zostera japonica germination in North America, USA

Seagrasses can colonize unstructured mudflats either through clonal growth or seed germination and survival. Zostera japonicais an introduced seagrass in North America that has rapidly colonized mudflats along the Pacific Coast, leading to active management of the species. Growth and physiology have been evaluated; however, there is little information about the factors influencing seed germination. We examined the effects of storage and induction temperature (10, 15, 20°C) and salinity (0, 10, 20, 30), and storage period (1.5 and 26 months) on germination of seeds of the seagrass Z. japonicacollected from Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA. Seed germination at 15 and 20 ◦C was 1.24 times higher than at 10°C. Cumulative seed germination at salinity 0 during the first 28 days was 6.5 times greater than at a salinity of 10; similarly, initial seed germination at a salinity of 10 was 7.3 times greater than that observed for salinity 20 and 30. The proportion of germinated seeds collected in 2011 and stored for 26 months was 1.24 times greater than seeds collected in 2013 that were stored for only 6 weeks. Overall average germination rates were 21.6% and 17.1% for 2011 and 2013, respectively. Our experimental results indicate that salinity had a much stronger control over Z. japonica germination than temperature, and the long storage period suggests that Z. japonica is capable of developing a persistent seed bank. We hypothesize that Z. japonica uses seasonal variations in temperature and salinity to avoid competition between generations favoring germination under conditions that are not optimal for the growth of mature plants

Effects of temperature, salinity and seed age on induction of Zostera japonica germination in North America, USA

Seagrasses can colonize unstructured mudflats either through clonal growth or seed germination and survival. Zostera japonicais an introduced seagrass in North America that has rapidly colonized mudflats along the Pacific Coast, leading to active management of the species. Growth and physiology have been evaluated; however, there is little information about the factors influencing seed germination. We examined the effects of storage and induction temperature (10, 15, 20°C) and salinity (0, 10, 20, 30), and storage period (1.5 and 26 months) on germination of seeds of the seagrass Z. japonicacollected from Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA. Seed germination at 15 and 20 ◦C was 1.24 times higher than at 10°C. Cumulative seed germination at salinity 0 during the first 28 days was 6.5 times greater than at a salinity of 10; similarly, initial seed germination at a salinity of 10 was 7.3 times greater than that observed for salinity 20 and 30. The proportion of germinated seeds collected in 2011 and stored for 26 months was 1.24 times greater than seeds collected in 2013 that were stored for only 6 weeks. Overall average germination rates were 21.6% and 17.1% for 2011 and 2013, respectively. Our experimental results indicate that salinity had a much stronger control over Z. japonica germination than temperature, and the long storage period suggests that Z. japonica is capable of developing a persistent seed bank. We hypothesize that Z. japonica uses seasonal variations in temperature and salinity to avoid competition between generations favoring germination under conditions that are not optimal for the growth of mature plants

The mammalian midbrain and isthmus regions. Part II. The fiber connections. C. The hypothalamo-tegmental pathways

No Abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49949/1/900940102_ftp.pd

Terrain Features and Architecture of Wolverine (Gulo gulo) Resting Burrows and Reproductive Dens on Arctic Tundra

Burrowing species rely on subterranean and subnivean sites to fulfill important life-history and behavioral processes, including predator avoidance, thermoregulation, resting, and reproduction. For these species, burrow architecture can affect the quality and success of such processes, since characteristics like tunnel width and chamber depth influence access by predators, thermal insulation, and energy spent digging. Wolverines (Gulo gulo) living in Arctic tundra environments dig burrows in snow during winter for resting sites and reproductive dens, but there are few published descriptions of such burrows. We visited 114 resting burrows and describe associated architectural characteristics and non-snow structure. Additionally, we describe characteristics of 15 reproductive den sites that we visited during winter and summer. Although many resting burrows were solely excavated in snow, most incorporated terrain structures including cliffs, talus, river shelf ice, thermokarst caves, and stream cutbanks. Burrows typically consisted of a single tunnel leading to a single chamber, though some burrows had multiple entrances, branching tunnels, or both. Tunnels in resting burrows were shorter than those in reproductive dens, and resting chambers were typically located at the deepest part of the burrow. Reproductive dens were associated with snowdrift-forming terrain features such as streambeds, cutbanks on lake edges, thermokarst caves, and boulders. Understanding such characteristics of Arctic wolverine resting and reproductive structures is critical for assessing anthropogenic impacts as snowpack undergoes climate-driven shifts.Les espèces fouisseuses dépendent de lieux enfouis sous la terre et sous la neige pour satisfaire leurs importants processus de vie et de comportement, y compris l’évitement des prédateurs, la thermorégulation, le repos et la reproduction. Pour ces espèces, l’architecture des terriers peut avoir des effets sur la qualité et la réussite des processus, car des caractéristiques comme la largeur des tunnels et la profondeur des chambres influencent l’accès aux terriers par les prédateurs, l’isolation thermique et l’énergie dépensée pour creuser. L’hiver, les carcajous (Gulo gulo) qui vivent dans les environnements de la toundra de l’Arctique creusent des terriers dans la neige afin de s’en servir comme aires de repos et comme tanières de reproduction. Cependant, peu de descriptions de tels terriers ont été publiées. Nous avons visité 114 terriers de repos, puis nous avons décrit leurs caractéristiques architecturales et les structures connexes n’étant pas recouvertes de neige. Par ailleurs, nous décrivons les caractéristiques de 15 tanières de reproduction que nous avons visitées en hiver et en été. Même si de nombreux terriers de repos ont été uniquement creusés dans la neige, la plupart des terriers incorporaient des structures topographiques, dont des falaises, des talus, de la glace de banquise, des grottes thermokarstiques et des hautes berges de cours d’eau. En général, les terriers étaient composés d’un seul tunnel menant à une seule chambre, bien que certains avaient plusieurs entrées, des galeries, ou les deux. Les tunnels des aires de repos étaient moins longs que ceux des tanières de reproduction, et les chambres de repos étaient généralement situées dans la partie la plus profonde des terriers. Les tanières de reproduction étaient installées dans des caractéristiques topographiques où s’amoncelle la neige, comme les lits de cours d’eau, les hautes berges de lacs, les grottes thermokarstiques et les rochers. Il est essentiel de comprendre les caractéristiques des structures de repos et de reproduction des carcajous de l’Arctique afin d’être en mesure d’évaluer les incidences anthropiques au moment où le manteau neigeux subit des changements liés au climat