Health System Reform: The Value and Price of Innovation

Explores the role of innovation in healthcare by reviewing the literature on international, federal, state, and local examples of system change; barriers to change; the contributions of research, academia, and industry; and the financing of innovation

Selected economic instruments to limit water deficit in an international perspective

The article presents the issue of water prices for the population in conditions – on one hand – compliance with EU rule on the costs recovery of water services – and the recommendations of the European Union and the UN so as not to pay for water greater load of household income than 4%. In developed countries, this is much easier than in poor countries, where the rate reaches as high as 10%. Among the consequences of the costs recovery of water services principle, the author analyzes trade issues of water in the stock market and the competition between bottled water and tap water.W artykule przedstawiono kwestię cen wody dla ludności w warunkach, z jednej strony, przestrzegania regulacji UE w sprawie zwrotu kosztów usług wodnych, a z drugiej strony – zaleceń UE i ONZ, aby płatności za wodę nie przekraczały 4% dochodów gospodarstwa domowego. W krajach rozwiniętych jest to o wiele łatwiejsze niż w krajach biednych, gdzie wskaźnik ten sięga nawet 10%. Wśród opisu skutków przestrzegania zasady zwrotu kosztów usług wodnych autorka analizuje zagadnienia związane z handlem wodą na giełdzie oraz konkurencją między wodą mineralną i wodą z kranu

Singular order parameter interaction at nematic quantum critical point in two dimensional electron systems

We analyze the infrared behavior of effective N-point interactions between order parameter fluctuations for nematic and other quantum critical electron systems with a scalar order parameter in two dimensions. The interactions exhibit a singular momentum and energy dependence and thus cannot be represented by local vertices. They diverge for all N greater or equal 4 in a collinear static limit, where energy variables scale to zero faster than momenta, and momenta become increasingly collinear. The degree of divergence is not reduced by any cancellations and renders all N-point interactions marginal. A truncation of the order parameter action at quartic or any other finite order is therefore not justified. The same conclusion can be drawn for the effective action describing fermions coupled to a U(1) gauge field in two dimensions.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figur

\u3ci\u3eAnaphes\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) Reared from the Eggs of a Shore Fly (Diptera: Ephydridae)

Members of the family Mymaridae are obligate parasitoids of insect eggs, and some species attack the eggs of aquatic insects. Only one account of egg parasitism by the mymarid genus Anaphes on Diptera has been disclosed in the literature. Bakkendorf (1971) bred Anaphes autumnalis Foerster from an egg of Tipula autumnalis Loew

A Possible Case of Spatial Isolation in Brine Flies of the Genus \u3ci\u3eEphydra\u3c/i\u3e (Diptera: Ephydridae)

(excerpt) During the summer of 1975, adults and larvae of Ephydra riparia Fallen and E. cinerea Jones were encountered in the many brine pools occurring on the property of the Morton Salt Company at Rittman, Wayne County, Ohio (Scheiring and Foote, 1973). Larvae of both species have been reported to be salt tolerant (Bayly, 1972). E. ripariu larvae can survive in salinities up to 80°/oo (Sutcliffe, 1960), and the larvae of cinerea have been encountered by Nemenz (1960) in the Great Salt Lake of Utah at a salinity of 300°/oo