The Impact of Perspective Change As a Cognitive Reappraisal Strategy on Affect: A Systematic Review

The strategic or deliberate adoption of a cognitively distanced, third-person perspective is proposed to adaptively regulate emotions. However, studies of psychological disorders suggest spontaneous adoption of a third-person perspective reflects counter-productive avoidance. Here, we review studies that investigate the deliberate adoption of a third- or first-person vantage perspective and its impact on affect in healthy people, “sub-clinical” populations and those with psychological disorders. A systematic search was conducted across four databases. After exclusion criteria were applied, 38 studies were identified that investigated the impact of both imagery and verbal instructions designed to encourage adoption of a third-person perspective on self-reported affect. The identified studies examined a variety of outcomes related to recalling memories, imagining scenarios and mood induction. These were associated with specific negative emotions or mood states (dysphoria/sadness, anxiety, anger), mixed or neutral affect autobiographical memories, and self-conscious affect (e.g., guilt). Engaging a third-person perspective was generally associated with a reduction in the intensity of positive and negative affect. Studies that included measures of semantic change, suggested that this is a key mediator in reduction of affect following perspective change. Strategically adopting a “distanced,” third-person perspective is linked to a reduction in affect intensity across valence, but in addition has the potential to introduce new information that regulates emotion via semantic change. Such reappraisal distinguishes deliberate adoption of a distanced perspective from the habitual and/or spontaneous shift in perspective that occurs in psychopatholog

An investigation into the effectiveness of a brief imagery-based "defusion" strategy in reducing nicotine cravings

Volume 1 of this thesis is presented in three parts. Part 1 is a systematic review of experimental or quasi-experimental studies that investigate the impact of the strategic adoption of vantage perspective on affect. Vantage perspective describes either adopting a first- or third-person perspective, either in mental imagery or verbal modalities. Part 2 describes a study exploring the impact of two mental imagery craving regulation strategies in cigarette smokers on craving, affect and smoking behaviour. One strategy is based on “defusion,” a technique used within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and the other is based on the use of imagery replacement, a cognitive psychology approach. Smoking behaviour is measured explicitly through latency to smoke and number of cigarettes smoked, and implicitly through the use of a stimulus-response task measuring approach and avoidance behaviour. Part 3 is a critical appraisal of three elements of the empirical paper, designing the mental imagery craving regulation strategies, the limitations of the study design, and the difficulties of the recruitment process and the subsequent impact on the empirical study

The language of the urban domestic architecture as an expression of identity in the Roman world

[EN] This volume reveals the results of the International Seminars “Il linguaggio dell’architettura domestica urbana come espressione d’identità”, which took place in Rome on February 25th, 2020 and “The language of urban domestic architecture as an expression of identity in the Roman world. The African and Eastern provinces”, which was held online on March 18th, 2021. These forums were framed within the line of research of the Archaeology of political spaces: urban domestic architecture of Roman ages developed in Escuela Española de Historia y Arqueología en Roma (CSIC) and the Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla. The different case studies analysed throughout the nine chapters of this book make up a significant cast at a spatial level that includes general reflections on Roman houses and their Etruscan and Greek influences, the residential spaces of the city of Rome, as well as the expansion of the lifestyle of Roman society to the western and eastern provinces. For all these reasons, this publication can be considered a solid base and a framework for projecting broader questions about the urban domestic space in the Roman Empire.[ES] En el presente volumen se exponen los resultados de los Seminarios Internacionales “Il linguaggio dell’architettura domestica urbana come espressione d’identità”, que tuvo lugar en Roma el 25 de febrero de 2020 y “The language of urban domestic architecture as an expression of identity in the Roman world. The African and Eastern provinces”, que se celebró online el 18 de marzo de 2021. Estos foros se enmarcaron dentro de la línea de investigación de la Arqueología de los espacios políticos: arquitectura doméstica urbana de época romana desarrollada en la Escuela Española de Historia y Arqueología en Roma (CSIC) y la Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla. Los distintos estudios de casos analizados a lo largo de los nueve capítulos de este libro componen un elenco significativo a nivel espacial que abarca reflexiones generales sobre las casas romanas y sus influencias etruscas y griegas, los espacios residenciales de la ciudad de Roma, así como la expansión del estilo de vida de la sociedad romana a las provincias occidentales y orientales. Por todo ello, esta publicación puede considerarse una sólida base y un marco de trabajo para proyectar cuestiones más amplias sobre el espacio doméstico urbano en el Imperio Romano.Esta publicación ha sido posible gracias a la Ayuda Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación de la Agencia Estatal de Investigación: Arqueología de los espacios políticos. Arquitectura doméstica urbana romana (IJC2018- 037041-I); al Proyecto del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) y Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI): Vivere In Urbe. Arquitectura residencial y espacio urbano en Augusta Emerita (PID2019-105376GB-C44) y al Proyecto FEDER-UPO: La creación y trasmisión de modelos adrianeos en el mediterráneo. Villa Adriana y la Bética (UPO-1266148).Peer reviewe

Fragmented in space: the oral history narrative of an Arab Christian from Antioch, Turkey

This study uses the case of Can Kılçıksız, an Arab Christian refugee youth from Antioch, Turkey, to argue that globalization may result in fragmented families and subjectivities and can also accelerate processes initiated by modernity and the construction of national identities. Can Kılçıksız and his siblings now live in Turkey, Germany, France and Finland. His life story suggests that males of Arab Christian origin from Antioch who had access to schooling are more likely to be involved in politics whereas females tend to be drawn to evangelical Christian organizations. The case also suggests that sibling ties might prove more durable in the course of transnational migration than conjugal ties. The case of Can Kılçıksız shows that the time/space linked to childhood through memory can play an important role in identity construction of subjects circulating in transnational space

Super-heavy fermion material as metallic refrigerant for adiabatic demagnetization cooling

Low-temperature refrigeration is of crucial importance in fundamental research of condensed matter physics, as the investigations of fascinating quantum phenomena, such as superconductivity, superfluidity and quantum criticality, often require refrigeration down to very low temperatures. Currently, cryogenic refrigerators with $^3$He gas are widely used for cooling below 1 Kelvin. However, usage of the gas is being increasingly difficult due to the current world-wide shortage. Therefore, it is important to consider alternative methods of refrigeration. Here, we show that a new type of refrigerant, super-heavy electron metal, YbCo$_2$Zn$_{20}$, can be used for adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration, which does not require 3He gas. A number of advantages includes much better metallic thermal conductivity compared to the conventional insulating refrigerants. We also demonstrate that the cooling performance is optimized in Yb$_{1-x}$Sc$_x$Co$_2$Zn$_{20}$ by partial Sc substitution with $x\sim$0.19. The substitution induces chemical pressure which drives the materials close to a zero-field quantum critical point. This leads to an additional enhancement of the magnetocaloric effect in low fields and low temperatures enabling final temperatures well below 100 mK. Such performance has up to now been restricted to insulators. Since nearly a century the same principle of using local magnetic moments has been applied for adiabatic demagnetization cooling. This study opens new possibilities of using itinerant magnetic moments for the cryogen-free refrigeration

Honour and debt release in the parable of the Unmerciful Servant (Mt 18:23–33): A social-scientific and realistic reading

This article presents a social-scientific and realistic reading of the parable of the Unmerciful Servant. The parables of Jesus are realistic stories about everyday events in 1st-century Palestine that evoke specific social realia and practices known to its first hearers. As recent studies on the parables have shown, papyri from early Roman Egypt provide detailed information on the implied social realities and practices assumed in the parables. In reading the parable through the lens of patronage and clientism and against the background of the relationship between royal ideology and debt release attested in documented papyri, it is argued that the parable suggests that in the basileia of God debt should be released in terms of general reciprocity, emulating the way in which patrons release debt for the sake of honour

The Equifinality of Archaeological Networks: an Agent-Based Exploratory Lab Approach

When we find an archaeological network, how can we explore the necessary versus contingent processes at play in the formation of that archaeological network? Given a set of circumstances or processes, what other possible network shapes could have emerged? This is the problem of equifinality, where many different means could potentially arrive at the same end result: the networks that we observe. This paper outlines how agent-based modelling can be used as a laboratory for exploring different processes of archaeological network formation. We begin by describing our best guess about how the (ancient) world worked, given our target materials (here, the networks of production and patronage surrounding the Roman brick industry in the hinterland of Rome). We then develop an agent-based model of the Roman extractive economy which generates different kinds of networks under various assumptions about how that economy works. The rules of the simulation are built upon the work of Bang (2006; 2008) who describes a model of the Roman economy which he calls the ‘imperial Bazaar’. The agents are allowed to interact, and the investigators compare the kinds of networks this description generates over an entire landscape of economic possibilities. By rigorously exploring this landscape, and comparing the resultant networks with those observed in the archaeological materials, the investigators will be able to employ the principle of equifinality to work out the representativeness of the archaeological network and thus the underlying processes