New Antarctic stenothoids sensu lato (Amphipoda, Crustacea)

Three stenothoid species are reported from recent Antarctic collections. Two of these are new to science (Prometopa cedrici sp. nov. and Antatelson claudei sp. nov.). A few character states of Antatelson walkeri are discussed. Keys are provided for Prometopa as well as for Antatelson

Visuomotor Transformation in the Fly Gaze Stabilization System

For sensory signals to control an animal's behavior, they must first be transformed into a format appropriate for use by its motor systems. This fundamental problem is faced by all animals, including humans. Beyond simple reflexes, little is known about how such sensorimotor transformations take place. Here we describe how the outputs of a well-characterized population of fly visual interneurons, lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs), are used by the animal's gaze-stabilizing neck motor system. The LPTCs respond to visual input arising from both self-rotations and translations of the fly. The neck motor system however is involved in gaze stabilization and thus mainly controls compensatory head rotations. We investigated how the neck motor system is able to selectively extract rotation information from the mixed responses of the LPTCs. We recorded extracellularly from fly neck motor neurons (NMNs) and mapped the directional preferences across their extended visual receptive fields. Our results suggest that—like the tangential cells—NMNs are tuned to panoramic retinal image shifts, or optic flow fields, which occur when the fly rotates about particular body axes. In many cases, tangential cells and motor neurons appear to be tuned to similar axes of rotation, resulting in a correlation between the coordinate systems the two neural populations employ. However, in contrast to the primarily monocular receptive fields of the tangential cells, most NMNs are sensitive to visual motion presented to either eye. This results in the NMNs being more selective for rotation than the LPTCs. Thus, the neck motor system increases its rotation selectivity by a comparatively simple mechanism: the integration of binocular visual motion information

The psychology of learning motivation - research perspectives and problems concerning their impact on pedagogics

Am Beispiel von fünf Forschungsperspektiven der Motivationspsychologie wird gezeigt, daß neue Theorien jeweils durch kritische Auseinandersetzungen mit vorangegangenen Forschungsansätzen entstanden sind. Dabei wurde häufig die Forschungsperspektive gewechselt, so daß die Ergebnisse der Forschung aus den verschiedenen Perspektiven nicht im Widerspruch zueinander stehen, sondern sich gegenseitig ergänzen. Das wird anhand eines Rahmenmodells zur Differenzierung und Strukturierung pädagogisch relevanter Aspekte der Lernmotivation näher erläutert. Auf Konsequenzen, die sich für die Rezeption psychologischer Forschung in der Pädagogik ergeben, wird hingewiesen. (DIPF/Text übernommen)On the basis of five research perspectives of the psychology of motivation, the author shows that new theories have always emerged from a critical analysis of previous research approaches. In this, research perspectives were often changed so that the respective results are not contradictory but, rather, complement each other. This is explained on the basis of a frame model for the differentiation and structuring of pedagogically relevant aspects of learning motivation. Consequences for the reception of psychological research in educational science are pointed out. (DIPF/Orig.

Monique Boekaerts/Paul R. Pintrich/Moshe Zeidner (Eds.): Handbook of Self-Regulation. New York/London: Academic Press 2000. 783 S., EUR 102,50. [Rezension]

Rezension zu: Monique Boekaerts/Paul R. Pintrich/Moshe Zeidner (Eds.): Handbook of Self-Regulation. New York/London: Academic Press 2000. 783 S., EUR 102,5

Helmut Fend: Die Entdeckung des Selbst und die Verarbeitung der Pubertät. (Entwicklungspsychologie der Adoleszenz in der Moderne. Bd. III.) Bern/Stuttgart: Huber 1994. 229 S. [Rezension]

Rezension von: Helmut Fend: Die Entdeckung des Selbst und die Verarbeitung der Pubertät. (Entwicklungspsychologie der Adoleszenz in der Moderne. Bd. III.) Bern/Stuttgart: Huber 1994. 229 S

Secret Communications

There is no communications technology that does not raise epistemological, ethical, or aesthetic questions about secrecy and its history in relation to the (sometimes irreconcilable) demands of privacy, security, trust, or freedom of expression. This raises the methodological stakes for studying and teaching secret communication