Optimality Theory, Language Typology, and Universalist Metrics

In Russom (2011), I defended a universalist hypothesis that the constituents of poetic form are abstracted from natural linguistic constituents: metrical positions from phonological constituents, usually syllables; metrical feet from morphological constituents, usually words; and metrical lines from syntactic constituents, usually sentences. An important corollary to this hypothesis is that norms for realization of a metrical constituent are based on norms for the corresponding linguistic constituent. Optimality Theory provides a universalist account of relevant linguistic norms and deals effectively with situations in which norms conflict, employing ranked violable rules. Language Typology provides a universalist account of relevant syntactic norms. In this paper I integrate these independently grounded methodologies and use them to explain the distribution of constituents within the line, identifying a variety of important facts that seem to have escaped previous notice. Universalist claims are tested against meters from each of the major language types: subject-verb-object (SVO), subject-object-verb (SOV) and verb-subject-object (VSO). My findings are incompatible with the claim that “lines are sequences of syllables, rather than of words or phrases” (Fabb, Halle 2008: 11)

The Newhouse Network II

The S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications has launched some of the best minds in media into the workforce since the school’s founding gift in 1964. From Bob Costas to Larry Kramer, the list of Newhouse success stories in the business is vast. What separates Newhouse from other communications schools in the country is its strong alumni. Whether it’s visiting a class, helping a student get an internship, or serving on the advisory board, Newhouse grads want to assist other Newhouse people in succeeding. This project adds to the foundation created by Clay LePard ’12. It continues and adds value to his project of interviewing advisory board members and uploading their interviews to the iPad presentation kiosk on the third floor of Newhouse 3. Students, faculty, and visitors can shuttle through the interviews and catch a glimpse of what it means to be a Newhouse student and alumnus

Subclinical Metabolic and Cardiovascular Factors and Brain White Matter Microstructural Integrity in Young Women

Pregnancy places women in a state of metabolic change that can exacerbate underlying risk factors for disease. Prior studies note physiological risk factors for pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders, but few have focused on whether these cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors affect brain structure in early adulthood prior to pregnancy. Therefore, more research is needed to assess how subclinical cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors may affect brain health or be exacerbated by the hormonal and metabolic imbalances caused by pregnancy. This study examined how specific cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors assessed prior to pregnancy affected brain white matter microstructural integrity. This study examined 62 participants, all young (mean age 31 years), healthy women, who received both metabolic and cardiovascular assessments as well as multi-modality MRI imaging including acquisition of T2 Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) sequencing and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). The hypotheses were that abnormal cardiovascular and metabolic profiles would be associated with increased white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and abnormal cardiovascular and metabolic findings would be related to lower Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and increased Mean Diffusivity (MD) in posterior cortical areas. The results showed that the presence of WMH was related to increased MD in bilateral white matter tracts and altered measures of cardiac function. FA and MD in numerous posterior and occipital tracts, commissural fibers and subcortical structures correlated with age, BMI, and measures of cardiovascular and metabolic function such as pulse wave velocity (PWV), cholesterol and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). These relationships shed light on women’s cerebrovascular health as it relates to subclinical risk factors at a young age, prior to pregnancy. More research must be done to examine how subclinical risk factors may impact potentially dangerous pregnancy outcomes in the form of hypertensive disorders such as pre-eclampsia and how these early life influences on brain structure impact brain functioning in late age

Tamsulosin and risk of priapism:A causality assessment using Austin Bradford Hill Criteria

Tamsulosin hydrochloride, a selective alpha‐adrenergic blocking agent has been previously associated with priapism. Priapism is a medically serious condition that, if not intervened, can cause permanent erectile dysfunction. This study was conducted to investigate whether the association of tamsulosin and priapism is causal. All currently available evidence such as experimental, biological, toxicological, published studies, and safety data mined from the WHO global pharmacovigilance database was systematically organized into the Austin Bradford Hill causality assessment framework. In the international pharmacovigilance database, a strong association between tamsulosin and priapism (IC(025) = 4.1; PRR(025) = 19.9; ROR(025) = 20) was observed. There were 122 cases of priapism associated with tamsulosin submitted to the database from 23 countries. In 87.7% of the cases, tamsulosin was reported as a ‘sole suspect,’ and in 50.8%, it was the only drug administered. In several patients, priapism resolved following discontinuation of tamsulosin and recurred after its reintroduction. Both in the published and unpublished data, for majority of the cases, the time to onset of priapism was within few days following the first intake of tamsulosin. Cases of priapism, particularly those published, were consistent in their clinical features with patients experiencing prolonged painful erection that required aspiration of cavernosal blood, irrigation of the corpora cavernosa, and treatment with vasopressors. Other alpha‐adrenergic blocking agents that are structurally analogous with tamsulosin have also been associated with priapism. In several cases, tamsulosin was used off‐label, for the treatment of ureteral calculi expulsion. Eight patients experienced priapism that ended up with serious complications such as ejaculation disorders and erectile dysfunction. The currently available totality of evidence suggests that the association of tamsulosin and priapism is causal. Healthcare professionals are therefore recommended to cautiously prescribe tamsulosin and ensure that consumers are aware of the potential risk of priapism

Thorough-Bass Accompaniment according to Johann David Heinichen. Rev. ed. by George Buelow

Russom discusses and reviews Buelow\u27s 1986 edition

The Eating Habits of College Females and How Stress Affects Eating Behavior

Background College females experience much stress from a variety of areas in their lives. Often times this stress affects usual eating behaviors and may even lead to disordered eating habits. Objectives To examine whether stress affects the eating habits of college females in this study and how their eating is affected. We assumed that stress would affect eating habits. We also examined how stress makes a person a feel and if that can influence or contribute to disordered eating habits. Participants/setting Sixty-two women from Tri-Chi women’s social club at Ouachita Baptist University completed a questionnaire October 16, 2017. The participants ranged in age from 19-22. Results The stress levels of these college females were assessed, and it was found that not only were they stressed, but their stress was affecting their usual eating habits. Physical appearance was important to this group of women. Many causes of stress were mutual and included family issues, school and social pressures. Conclusion Stress often affects usual eating habits and may contribute to but not cause disordered eating behaviors

Data governance in the health industry: investigating data quality dimensions within a big data context

In the health industry, the use of data (including Big Data) is of growing importance. The term ‘Big Data’ characterizes data by its volume, and also by its velocity, variety, and veracity. Big Data needs to have effective data governance, which includes measures to manage and control the use of data and to enhance data quality, availability, and integrity. The type and description of data quality can be expressed in terms of the dimensions of data quality. Well-known dimensions are accuracy, completeness, and consistency, amongst others. Since data quality depends on how the data is expected to be used, the most important data quality dimensions depend on the context of use and industry needs. There is a lack of current research focusing on data quality dimensions for Big Data within the health industry; this paper, therefore, investigates the most important data quality dimensions for Big Data within this context. An inner hermeneutic cycle research approach was used to review relevant literature related to data quality for big health datasets in a systematic way and to produce a list of the most important data quality dimensions. Based on a hierarchical framework for organizing data quality dimensions, the highest ranked category of dimensions was determined

The Historical and Theological Background of the Reformed Church in the United States

Long ago God reverently commanded His people Israel to relate to their children and their children\u27s children, what it was He had done for His people in the days of old. We believe this responsibility still to be incumbent not only upon the great church since that day, but upon every community of Christian people since then

Business model reinvention for enabling disruptive innovation

Over the last two decades, extensive research has been undertaken to understand incumbent firms’ adaptation behavior to disruptive innovation, considering technological change as the most important focus of analysis. Recently, there is an emerging literature that views disruptive innovation as a business model problem in which a technological innovation is deployed. In this literature, disruptive innovation is understood to be primarily a function of conflict between an incumbent’s traditional and an entrant’s new business model. This raises two major questions. First, although the original theory of disruptive innovation evolved from technological studies, this theory persists to explain all types of disruptive innovation over time (Markides, 2006: 19). Furthermore, disruptive innovation has always been studied from an incumbent firm perspective. With the need to shift the research focus from a technology to a business model, we also need a new framework to understand disruptive innovation taking the business model as the unit of analysis taking both the entrant’s and incumbent’s perspectives. Building on business model innovation studies (Govindarajan and Gupta, 2001; Normann, 2001; Hamel, 2000) and the established technology based disruptive innovation theory (Christensen and Raynor, 2003; Christensen, 1997), this study offers a systematic business model framework to comprehend disruptive phenomenon from both an incumbent’s and an entrant’s perspectives. Second, disruptive innovation studies predominantly focus on high-tech industries. Increasingly many low-tech industries are being affected by disruptive non-technological market-driven business model innovations. Considering that disruptive innovation theory is principally iii technology based, a review of the literature suggests that we know little about the differences between high-tech and low-tech market-driven disruptive innovations in terms of their evolutions, competitive and disruptive effects. From the strategic management literature point of view, the contribution of this study becomes even more relevant when the two questions are examined across economic regions. Although there is ample evidence that shows disruptive innovations are not always restricted to developed economies, little is known about how incumbents in developing economies adapt their organizations to disruptive business model innovations. This study takes South Africa as a development economy case-study. The empirical setting of the current study includes four South African industries: the mobile and IT industry (high-tech), banking, insurance and airlines (lowtech) industries. In addressing the two key question of the study, the dissertation presents the empirical analysis at the first-order (firm-level study) and second-order (high-tech vs. low-etch study) levels. The first-order study argues that an innovation creates and grows a niche market through radical product design, different core competencies and/or a different revenue model long before it becomes disruptive innovation. It proposes a framework that attempts to model the evolution of this trajectory from an entrant’s perspective. From the entrant’s perspective, a potentially disruptive business model innovation is a process that evolves over time in successive adaptations to endogenous and exogenous innovation drivers that shape the evolution and path of the new business model. An innovation becomes disruptive only when the new business model fully or partially affects an incumbent’s established business model and market. iv Taking the viewpoint of an incumbent firm, the first-order study further offers a framework that seeks to provide a causality model to comprehend the root cause of disruptive innovation and its impact on the incumbent’s traditional business model. One of the major causes of disruptive innovation is the incumbent’s entrepreneurial dilemma. This means that an incumbent’s success or failure is partly contingent on the senior corporate management’s entrepreneurship readiness that is manifested in terms of taking risk initiative, willingness and ability to take appropriate strategic approaches to enable disruptive innovation. By articulating the causes of disruptive innovation, it suggests four key strategic approaches an incumbent should follow to enable disruptive innovation. While the study finds common patterns for the causes and approaches among incumbents across the four industries at a firm-level, some of the hypotheses of this study could not be proven at an aggregated system level. Disruptive innovation is a relative phenomenon: Some innovations that are disruptive to some firms or industries may not be disruptive to other firms or industries. Therefore, the study further re-examines the aggregated firm-level outcomes by disaggregating the data into dichotomous technology versus marketdriven disruptive innovations. By conducting a second-order analysis at the innovation category level, this study adds considerably to extant innovation literature by establishing that a lowtechnology market-driven disruptive business model innovation entails different business model evolutionary processes, different disruptive effects and different managerial implications compared to high-tech disruptive innovation