75 research outputs found
Organizational culture and ethics in decision-making
- Publication venue
- 'Science Publishing Corporation'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
Malaysia was recorded outnumber of accidents in the world. The traffic Police is the responsible body for ensuring to maintain the law on the road which assists the public for smooth travelling The media reports stated that the traffic police uses their power in wrong ways and is showing not profession with their duties. This happens due to lack of organizational culture among civil servants which are not practiced in the right ways according to the justice and their professions. Therefore, this article focuses on the organizational culture that should be practiced and the decisions that need to be practiced. Further, the ethical factors based decisions should be performed by traffic police. The topic selected will expect to improve the organizational culture and an ethical decision making among law's practitioner and traffic police. In addition, the positive view can also give to the public on the ethical decision making that could be practiced by traffic police. In conclusion, the improvement of organizational culture should be refined to produce law practitioners and implementers in ethical especially for civil servants in decision-making
Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
- Aahlin Eirik Kjus
- Aamer Ahmed
- Aaniana Kenneth
- Ababneh Ali
- Abaliksta Tomas
- Abantanga Francis
- Abbas Athar
- Abbasy Jibran
- Abbo Olivier
- Abbott Tom
- Abbouch Meryem
- Abd El-Latif Nadia Khalid
- Abd Elkhalek Esraa
- Abd-Elmawla Manar
- Abdallah Emad
- Abdel-Aty Abdulrahman
- Abdel-Hameed Noran
- Abdel-Kader Sara Mahmoud
- Abdelaal Abdelaziz
- Abdelaty Mohamed
- Abdelazeam Anan Rady
- Abdelazim Galaleldin
- Abdelaziz Mohamed A.
- Abdelbadeai Kholoud
- Abdelfatah Afnan
- Abdelhady Samar
- Abdelhamed Rasha
- Abdelhamid Amina
- Abdelhaq Aram
- Abdelkader Mostafa
- Abdelkader Omar
- Abdelkhalek Mohamed
- Abdelmageed Eman
- Abdelmotaleb Ibrahem
- Abdelraouf Ahmed Mahmoud
- Abdelrouf Doaa Maher
- Abdelshakour Mahmoud
- Abdrabou Abdulshafi Khaled
- Abdul-Latif Saiba
- Abdulaziz Hager
- Abdulaziz Mustafa
- Abdulbagi Omar
- Abdulhakeem Eman Mahmoud
- Abdullah Mohamed Abozed
- Abdullah Nik Azim Nik
- Abdullah Noha
- Abdullahi Lawal
- Abdurrazzaaq Abdussemiu
- Abem Owusu Emmanuel
- Abiola Olajide
- Aboelella Majed
- Aboelmagd Omnia
- Aboelsoud Moustafa R.
- Aboul-Naga Mariam Saad
- Abouzaid Arwa
- Abu Qumbos Amjad
- Abu-toyour Maram
- Abubakr Marwan
- Abuowda Yousef
- Abuqwaider Eman
- Abusalem Lana
- Abushamleh Soha
- Ackom Eric
- Acquah Emmanuel
- Adam Ali
- Adam Nourhan
- Adamu Ahmed
- Adawi Ihdaa
- Adawi Mohammad
- Adebanjo Ademola
- Adebola Oluwaseyi
- Adedeji Adesina
- Adel Badr Eldin
- Adel Israa
- Adella Fidelis Jacklyn
- Adelshone Abdelrahman
- Ademuyiwa Adesoji
- Ademuyiwa Adesoji O.
- Ademuyiwa Adesoji O.
- Adenekan Babajide
- Adeniran James
- Adeniyi Adewale
- Adesanya Opeoluwa
- Adesina Alaba
- Adeyeye Ademola
- Adeyeye Ademola
- Adhitama Novia
- Adil Muhammad
- Adisa Adewale O.
- Adiyaman Can
- Adu-Aryee Niiarmah
- Afana Samah
- Agalianos Christos
- Agarwal Arnav
- Agarwal Arnav
- Agbedinu Kwabena
- Aglan Amro
- Aguado Suarez Nuria
- Aguilera Maria Lorena
- Aguilera Maria Lorena
- Aguilera-Arevalo Maria-Lorena
- Ahlonsou Germain
- Ahlqvist Sandra
- Ahlqvist Sandra
- Ahmed Asdaq
- Ahmed Ataa
- Ahmed Hayam
- Ahmed Hussien
- Ahmed Lopna Ahmed Mohamed
- Ahmed Sara
- Ahmed Saraibrahim
- Ahounou Ernest Yemalin Stephane
- Ajah Jonathan
- Ajai Olalekan
- Ajao Akinlabi
- Ajiboye Anthony
- Akoto Elliot
- Akpenyi Onyinye
- Al Amin Shadid
- Al Attar Samaa Mahmoud
- Al Barraw Fayez Elian
- Al Bastawis Fatema
- Al Meligy Amgad
- Al Rafati Ahmad Abdel Razaq
- Al Raouf Eman Abd
- Al Saied Ghiath
- Al Subaie Norah
- Al-Bahrani Ahmed
- Al-Buhaisi Alaa
- Al-Dakka Emad
- Al-faqawi Maha
- Al-farram Hadeel
- Al-khatib Ahmed
- Al-Marakby Dina
- Al-saqqa Sara
- Al-Saqqa Sara W.
- Al-Slaibi Ibrahim
- Al-taher Taher
- AlaaelDein Shahinaz
- Alada Muslimat
- Alakaloko Felix
- Alaloul Enas
- Alamin Shadid
- Alamoudi Mohammed
- Albiety Adel
- Alcca Ticona Willy
- Alejos Bermudez Ysabel Esthefany
- Alexander Philip
- Alexander Philip
- Alexandre Challine
- Alghamdi Ahmed
- Alghamdi Mohammed Saleh A.
- Alhady Khaled
- Alhammali Tariq
- Alhassan Basmah
- Alhazmi Wedyan
- Alherz Mohammad
- Ali Ahmed
- Ali Citra Dewi Mohd
- Ali Elsayed
- Ali Safia
- Ali Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan
- Ali Tebian Hassanein Ahmed
- Ali Wadah
- Alihonou Thierry
- Alis Halil
- Aliyu Halima
- Aliyu Mohammad
- Aliyu Shamsudeen
- Aljboor Khaled
- Aljiffry Murad
- Alkaaki Aroub
- Alkelani Muhammad
- Allam Meran
- Allam Yomna
- Alnaby Mohamed Hassab
- Alnusairat Aseel
- Alqahtani Saleh
- Alsaggaf Mohammed Ubaid
- Alser Osaid H.
- Alshareef Reham
- Altaf Abdulmalik
- Altamimi Abdullah
- Altamimi Afnan
- Altamini Afnan
- Altarayra Marwa
- Altibi Ahmed
- Altinel Yuksel
- Altinel Yuksel
- Altwijri Abdulaziz
- Alvi Abdul Rehman
- Aly Mohammed Yahia Mohamed
- Alyacoubi Said
- Alyahya Reem
- Alzahrani Ahmed
- Aman Nowrin F.
- Amandito Radhian
- Amandito Radhian
- Ambrona-Zafra David
- Amin Hager Abdul Aziz
- Amjad Mohammadasim
- Amoah Michael
- Amoako Joachim
- Amoako Philip Taah
- Amoako-Boateng Mabel
- Amole Isaac
- Amreia Mahmoud
- Anderson Frank
- Andika Ferry Fitriya Ayu
- Andreotti Dario
- Andress Cedar
- Andriola Valeria
- Ang Yun Lin
- Angelieri Daniele
- Anis Echaieb
- Ansaloni Luca
- Ansaloni Luca
- Ansaloni Luca
- Antezana Diego
- Anthoulakis Christos
- Antoniozzi Angelo
- Anwar Nourhan
- Anyanwu Lofty-John
- Aonzo Paolo
- Appeadu-Mensah William
- Appiah Eric Kofi
- Aquilino Fabrizio
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- Arslan Ekin
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- Arthur Tom
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- Assal Abdelrahman
- Asturias Sabrina
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- Azzie Georges
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- Farhan-Alanie Muhamed M. H.
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- Fergusson Stuart J.
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- Ingabire J. C. Allen
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- Irwin Gareth
- Irwin Gareth
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- Ismail Mohamed
- Ismail Mohammed Kamal
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- Jaich Robert
- Jama Guled M.
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- Kalles Vasileios
- Kalles Vassilis
- Kamarajah Sivesh K.
- Kamarulzamil Siti Nur Alia
- Kamya Sylvia
- Kanani Arezo
- Kandil Ahmedali M.
- Kandil Hend
- Kanta Tasnia Hamid
- Karabelias Georgios
- Karabulut Kagan
- Karahan Servet Rustu
- Karandikar Sharad
- Kariem Nazmie
- Karim Rezaul
- Karim Sabbir
- Karismaningtyas Herlin
- Karjiker Parveen
- Karkeet Mohamed
- Karlo Robert
- Kaselis Nerijus
- Kasem Esraa Abdalmageed
- Kasputyte Simona
- Kaul Anil
- Kedar Asaf
- Keke Kpemahouton Rene
- Kelany Mohamed
- Keogh Kenneth
- Kershaw Suzanne
- Khafagy Toqa
- Khalifah Eyad
- Khallaf Salwa
- Khamajeet Arvin
- Khan Maryam Ali
- Khan Roaa
- Khan Zain Ali
- Khatri Chetan
- Khoja Ahmad
- Khokha Dzianis
- Khokha Vladimir
- Khosla Shivun
- Khreishi Reem
- Khreishi Rose
- Khulu Lawrence Bongani
- Kidd Thomas
- Kinandu Kamau
- King Sebastian
- Kiran Ravi P.
- Kirby Andrew
- Kiudelis Mindaugas
- Klappenbach Roberto
- Knight Stephen
- Koay Kean Leong
- Kobal Berna Buse
- Koh Pei Ying
- Koh Sharon
- Kojo Anyomih Theophilus Teddy
- Kojo Anyomih Theophilus Teddy
- Kondrotas Paulius
- Kong Chia
- Kong Shu Ning
- Kong Victor
- Konstantina Kolonia
- Kordorwu Hope Edem Kofi
- Korkolis Dimitrios
- Kosai Nik Ritza
- Kose Emin
- Koskenvuo Laura
- Koto Modise Zacharia
- Kotobi Henri
- Kourdouli Amar
- Kourdouli Amar
- Kufeji Dorothy
- Kuliavas Justas
- Kumar Basant
- Kumar Basant
- Kumar Basant
- Kumar Sandip
- Kumar Sunil
- Kumar Sunil
- Kumwenda Dayson
- Kushwaha Sameer
- Kusi Kwasi
- Kutkevicius Juozas
- Kwakyeafriyie Prince
- Kwatiwani Chimwemwe
- Kwizera Sandrine
- Kwok Stephanie Hiu-wai
- Kyereh Martin
- Kyriazanos Ioannis
- Kyrou Georgios
- Kyziridis Dimitrios
- L'Heveder Ariadne
- La Brocca Antonella
- Ladukas Adomas
- Lagunavicius Karolis
- Lai Anthony Chuk-Him
- Lam Justin Chak Yiu
- Lam Wai Him
- Lanau Maria Isabel Villegas
- Lando Justus
- Landolfo Giovanni
- Lapitan Marie Carmela
- Larsen Johannes Wiik
- Lasek Anna
- Latif Aliang
- Laugzemys Erikas
- Laurie Kirsten
- Lauzikas Giedrius
- Law Jia Hao
- Lawal Abdulrazzaq
- Lawal Taiwo
- Lazzari Giovanni
- Lazzari Veronica
- Le Vu Thanh Hien
- Leanne Almanon Christel
- Lecompte Jean-Francois
- Lee Eu Xian
- Lee Felix
- Lee Kai Yin
- Lee Kathryn
- Lee Kuok Chung
- Lee Tien Seng Bryan
- Leone Nicoletta
- Leong Faith Qi Hui
- Leppaniemi Ari
- Leroux Julien
- Leung Ka Wai
- Leusink Astrid
- Li Ka Hin Gabriel
- Licari Leo
- Lieske Bettina
- Lieske Bettina
- Liew Ignatius
- Lilford Richard
- Lilford Richard
- Lim Hui
- Lim Jieqi
- Lim Shujing Jane
- Lim Shyang Yee
- Limoges Bernard
- Lipnickas Vytautas
- Litvin Andrey
- Liu Qinyang
- Liu Qinyang
- Ljuhar Damir
- lo Conte Annalisa
- loaloa Mohamed Reda
- Lokman Muhammad Amsyar Auni
- Longstaff Lydia
- Lopez Manuel
- Lopez Manuel
- Lorenzon Laura
- Low Xinwei
- Luc Alberto Realis
- Lucia Contreras-Vergara Ana
- Luck Joshua
- Luglio Gaetano
- Lund Jonathan
- Lytras Dimitrios
- Mabitsela Matlou Ernest
- Mabrouk Mohamed
- Macchitella Yuri
- Machain Vega Gustavo Miguel
- Maciejec Laura
- Madiba Thandinkosi
- Madkor Mona Hamdy
- Madrid Barrientos Linda Alvi
- Maffioli Anna
- Magdy Ahmed
- Magdy Eman
- Magdy Hesham
- Magdy Mohamed
- Magdy Salma
- Maghrabi Ashraf
- Magri Daniela
- Mahanty Silke
- Mahdi Shareef
- Maher Mahmoud Elkhadragy
- Mahmoud Basma
- Mahmoud Farah
- Mahmoud Hend
- Mahmoud Mohamed Ali
- Mahmoud Moustafa Ibrahim
- Mahmoud Sabry Mohy Eldeen
- Mahmoud Shady
- Maillot Betty
- Maimbo Mayaba
- Maimbo Mayaba
- Mairs Nora Grace
- Maison Kwame
- Maistry Niveshni
- Majauskyte Dovile
- Majbar Anass
- Majid Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul
- Majid Kiran
- Major Piotr
- Major Piotr
- Mak T. W. C.
- Makama Jerry
- Makupe Alex
- Malaga Barbara
- Malavenda Mariastella
- Mamdouh Rana
- Manatakis Dimitrios K.
- Manfreda Serena
- Mangiapane Mirko
- Mann Thomas
- Mano Maria Jesusa B.
- Manrique Sila George Christian
- Manriquez-Reyes Marisol
- Mansor Eman Yahya
- Mansour Salma
- Mansuri Anahita
- Mao Patrizio
- Maraie Noha
- Margaritis Michail
- Maria Garcia-Perez Jose
- Mariani Aurora
- Marret Jean-Baptiste
- Mas Robinson
- Mat Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan
- Mata Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih
- Matheu Alejandro
- Mathew Susan Wndy
- Matos-Puig Roel
- Mattar Omar
- Matter Sara Mamdouh
- Mazelyte Ruta
- Mazrimas Povilas
- Mazzella Angela
- McGarvie Susan
- McIntosh Kirsten
- Mclean Kenneth
- Mehdi Aia
- Melo Cardozo Ramon Augusto
- Melo Renato
- Mendel Henry
- Mensah Ekow
- Meqbil Jehad
- Mericliler Meric
- Merlini David
- Mesbah Nourhan
- Migliore Marco
- Mihaljevic Andre L.
- Mihanovic Jakov
- Mikalauskas Saulius
- Mikuckyte Deimante
- Mingrone Pietro
- Minguez Garcia Javier
- Minocha Ashish
- Miranda Cesar
- Mircea Hogea
- Mironescu Aurel
- Mironescu Aurel
- Mironescu Aurel Sandu
- Mirza Shahrukh
- Mitroudi Magdalini
- Mitul Ashrarur Rahman
- Miyar de Leon Alberto
- Miyasato Hector Shibao
- Mizzi Christine
- Mizzi Sean
- Moaty Mohamed
- Mochet Sylvie
- Modolo Maria Marta
- Modolo Maria Marta
- Moe Thomas Tetens
- Moghazy Mahmoud Elsayed
- Mohamed Ahmed Rabie
- Mohamed Amna
- Mohamed Amna Mamdouh
- Mohamed Arwa
- Mohamed Bakeer
- Mohamed Fawzy
- Mohamed Mazed
- Mohamed Mohamed Abdelaty
- Mohamed Shaza Rabie
- Mohammad Aminu
- Mohammed Ahmed Rabeih
- Mohammed Amany Eldosouky
- Mohammed Hussein
- Mohammed Mustafa Mohammed
- Mohammed Sara
- Mohan Midhun
- Mok Yi Ting
- Monaghan Eimear
- Monrad-Hansen Peter Wiel
- Monteleone Michela
- Monterroso Cohen David
- Montes Irene
- Montrimaite Margarita
- Moodley Yoshan
- Moore Rachel
- Mora John Jemuel V.
- Morandi Eugenio
- Morgan Catrin
- Morshedy Eman Mohamed
- Morton Dion
- Mostafa Merna
- Mostafa Mohamed
- Moussa Omar
- Moustafa Ahmed
- Mowafy Bassant
- Mshelbwala Philip
- Msiska Nelson
- Msosa Vanessa
- Msosa Vanessa
- Muddebihal Uday
- Mueller Julia
- Mukin Annisa Dewi Fitriana
- Muktar Umar
- Mukuzunga Cornelius
- Muller Cecile
- Muntean Liviu
- Murray Alice
- Murutoglu Busra
- Musleh Aseel
- Musowoya Joseph
- Mussad Ali
- Mustafa Mousa
- Musyoka Caroluce K.
- Mutabazi Alphonse Zeta
- Mutabazi Alphonse Zeta
- Mutlu Deniz
- Mutlu Vahit
- Muzio Elena
- Myers Jonathan
- Mykoniatis Ioannis
- Nadeem Najwa
- Naess Pal Aksel
- Nagy Ghada Saied
- Nahar Sayeda Nazmum
- Najjar Mohammed
- Nanthakumaran Shayanthan
- Napolitano Lena
- Narayanan Ragavan
- Narayanan Ragavan
- Nashat Mohamed
- Nashidengo Puyearashid
- Nasir Abdulrasheed
- Nasir Wan Nurul Ain Wan Mohd
- Nasr Maha
- Nassif Dima
- Natalie Hani
- Nataraja Ram
- Natili Andrea
- Navarro Andre
- Nawawi Abrar
- Nazir Mohamed
- Ndajiwo Aliyu
- Ndajiwo Aliyu
- Ndegwa Wairimu
- Ndlovu Sibongile Ruth
- Ndwambi Phumudzo
- Negoi Ionut
- Neo Ya Theng
- Nepogodiev Dmitri
- Nepogodiev Dmitri
- Nepogodiev Dmitri
- Nessa Ashrafun
- Nestorovic Milica
- Nevieraite Viktorija
- Ng James Chean Khun
- Ng Yung Kok
- Ng Zhan Herr
- Niazi Ali Khan
- Nicholson Luke
- Nikberg Maziar
- Nikoloudis Nikolaos
- Niranjan Nithya
- Nirumal Milaksh Kumar
- Niska Karoliina
- Nita Gabriela Elisa
- Nita Gabriela Elisa
- Njokanma Iloba
- Nocito Antonio
- Noor Fazlin
- Notarnicola Margherita
- Notarnicola Margherita
- Nouh Thamer
- Noukpozounkou Bruno
- Nsengiyumva Carlos
- Ntirenganya Faustin
- Nurqistan Hazmi Dwinanda
- Nwabuoku Emeka
- Nwinee Victor
- O'Connor Donal B.
- O'Higgins Roche Marcelo
- O'Neill Stephen
- O'Shea Margaret
- Occhionorelli Savino
- Odeyemi Babatunde
- Odutola Oluwatomi
- Ogunsua Oluseyi
- Ohene-Yeboah Micheal
- Okenabirhie Ogheneochuko
- Olajide Thomas Olagboyega
- Olaolorun Akin
- Olivier James
- Olori Samson
- Oludara Mobolaji
- Olugbemi Mojolaoluwa
- Omar Mohammad Elsayed
- Omar Muhammad Fathi Waleed
- Omer Omer Abdelbagi
- Onuoha Clement
- Opoku-Agyeman Richard
- Oram Shaun
- Ortega Irene
- Ortega Irene
- Ortiz Nadia
- Orton Peter
- Osagie Olabisi
- Osei-Nketiah Samuel
- Oshati Oyindamola
- Osinowo Adedapo
- Osuoji Roland
- Oswald Dennis
- Otero-Diez Jorge L.
- Ots Riinu
- Otten Kars
- Owen Christopher
- Owusu Frank
- Ozben Volkan
- Ozkan Bahar Busra
- Ozmen Berk Baris
- Padmore Greg
- Paez Lopez Larissa Ines
- Pagano Gianluca
- Pagnozz Janet
- Palayan Kandasami
- Palliyil Madanmohan
- Palma Adrian
- Paludi Miguel Angel
- Panteli Christina
- Papageorgiou Dimitrios
- Papailia Aspasia
- Papandrea Matteo
- Papaskarlatos IasonAntonios
- Pape James
- Parakh Jehangirshaw
- Paramasivan Arjun
- Parasyris Stavros
- Pardo Gabriel
- Park Esther H. G.
- Park Jay
- Parker Robert
- Parmentier Benoit
- Parpoudi Styliani
- Parseliunas Audrius
- Pascale Giovanni
- Pascale Marco Maria
- Pasquali Sandro
- Pastora Javier
- Pata Domenica
- Pata Francesco
- Pata Francesco
- Pata Francesco
- Pata Francesco
- Pata Francesco
- Pata Giacomo
- Patel Khyati
- Patel Priya
- Patel Sanjay
- Paterson-Brown Simon
- Patoulias Ioannis
- Paul Marie
- Paulouski Dzmitry
- Paz Galvez Carlos
- Pazuskis Matas
- Pektas Ahmet Murat
- Pellino Gianluca
- Peltrini Roberto
- Pena Lenin
- Perenyei Miklos
- Perera James
- Perera James
- Perez Rojas Angel David
- Perino Martina
- Peros Georgios
- Perrotta Gerardo
- Pertersen Servin Gustavo Rodolfo
- Pesenti Giovanni
- Petrikenas Steponas
- Peycelon Matthieu
- Pezas Theodore
- Picardo Antonio
- Picardo Antonio
- Picciariello Arcangelo
- Pineno-Flores Cristina
- Pinkney Thomas
- Pinkney Thomas
- Pinnagoda Kalitha
- Ploski Jennifer
- Pluke Kent
- Podevin Guillaume
- Poh Keat-Seong
- Popa Mariuca
- Popoola Ademola
- Poskus Tomas
- Poskus Tomas
- Poskus Tomas
- Post Nathan
- Prins Marloes
- Pronin Savva
- Prudhomme Thomas
- Psarianos Kyriakos
- Pugliesi Thays Brunelli
- Pujol-Cano Natalia
- Purwaningsih Nurlaila Ayu
- Puyana Juan
- Qaissieh Ahmad
- Qawasmi Israa
- Qenawy Mostafa
- Quek Roy
- Qureshi Ahmad Uzair
- Qureshi Ahmad Uzair
- Qureshi Mobeen
- Qurie Khalid
- Rackauskas Rokas
- Radkowiak Dorota
- Radojkovic Milan
- Rahantasoa Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence
- Rahmah Dina Faizatur
- Rajan Reynu
- Rajmohan Shivanchan
- Rakha Ibrahim
- Ramadan Menna Tallah
- Ramos Perez Virginia
- Ramos-De la Medina Antonio
- Ramos-De la Medina Antonio
- Ramos-De la Medina Antonio
- Raptis Dimitri Aristotle
- Raptis Dmitri
- Rashad Eman
- Rashed Ahmed M.
- Rasoaherinomenjanahary Fanjandrainy
- Rath Max
- Ravishankar Ramanish
- Rayne Sarah
- Rayne Sarah
- Rayne Sarah
- Rayne Sarah
- Raza Ahmed
- Raza Awais
- Raza Ibrahim
- Razuri Cesar
- Razzaque Joyeta
- Reali Claudia
- Recinos Gustavo
- Recinos Gustavo
- Reda Amira
- Reda Aya
- Redgrave Natalie
- Redota Menold Archee P.
- Reece-Smith Alex
- Reinisch Katharina
- Reinsoo Arvo
- Rekhis Syrine
- Renaux-Petel Mariette
- Restrepo Ivan Mendoza
- Reunis Elke
- Rezq Asmaa
- Riauka Romualdas
- Riaz Muhammed Masood
- Ribaldi Sergio
- Rickard Jennifer
- Rida Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad
- Riente Francesco
- Rinaldi Anna
- Ringressi Maria Novella
- Ripa Matteo
- Riswan Nur Zulaika
- Rob Zakaria
- Robert Elsa
- Robledo-Rabanal Alina
- Rocke Alistair
- Rod Julien
- Rod Julien
- Rodicio Joseluis
- Rodriguez Xianelle
- Roman Velasquez Armando Jose
- Romani Diego
- Romani Diego
- Rommaneh Muna
- Roodt Liana
- Rosales Javier
- Rosello Olivier
- Roslani April Camilla
- Rossi Davide
- Roszkowski Rafal
- Rotunno Giuseppe
- Rouse Tyler
- Roy Chloe
- Roy Swapnil
- Rubinkiewicz Mateusz
- Ruiz Panez Walter
- Ruiz-Tova Jaime
- Rulie Anthonius Santoso
- Runigamugabo Emmy
- Russo Alfio Alessandro
- Rutkowski Wiktor
- Ruzzenente Andrea
- Saad Abdalla Gamal
- Saad Hala
- Saad Hanan Adel
- Saad Mahmoud M.
- Saad Reham
- Saadeh Rana
- Saami Mahmoud
- Saar Sten
- Sabe Ahmad
- Sabe Ahmad Khaled
- Sabour Fahd Abdel
- Sacco Michele
- Sacco Rosario
- Saeed Manar
- Sahbaz Nuri Alper
- Sahel Sarah
- Saidbadr Ahmed
- Sakr Ahmad
- Salah Asmaa
- Salah Maram
- Salah Mohamed
- Salah Osama Mohamed
- Salama Mahmoud
- Salama Yahya
- Salamone Giuseppe
- Salcedo Jannin
- Sale Danjuma
- Saleh Amr Ahmed
- Salem Hosni Khairy
- Salem Hosni Khairy
- Salem Hosni Khairy
- Salem Menatalla
- Salem Mohammed Mousa
- Sallam Abd Elkhalek
- Salleh Afizah
- Sallinen Ville
- Salma Mahmoud
- Salma Umme
- Salman Ayman
- Salusso Paola
- Sam Zi Hao
- Samalavicius Narimantas E.
- Samison Luc Herve
- Sammarco Giuseppe
- Sammut Keith
- Samson Garba
- Samuel Sani Ali
- Samy Mostada
- Samy Mostafa
- Sanad Aly
- Sanchez Rosenberg Guillermo
- Sanchez Samaniego Camila
- Sanchez Belen
- Sanchez Diana
- Sander Anthony
- Sandler Simone
- Sandoval Barrantes Ana Maria
- Sanni Hakeem Ayomi
- Sanz Sandra
- Sapci Ipek
- Saqlain Muhammad
- Sarafilovic Hannah
- Saraste Deborah
- Saravia Fridiz
- Sasia Diego
- Saw Jian Er
- Sayed Farrag
- Sayed Marwa
- Scalabre Aurelien
- Scalabre Aurelien
- Schadde Erik
- Schiavone Roberto
- Schmid Roger
- Schmitt Francoise
- Schuetz Tobias
- Schultz Johannes Kurt
- Scicluna Ruth
- Segovia Lohse Helmut Alfredo
- Seisay Sam
- Selvaggi Francesco
- Selvaggi Lucio
- Semeda Nourhan
- Semiz Anil
- Sena-Ruiz Fatima
- Senanayake Kithsiri J.
- Setiawan Jonny
- Seto Djifid Morel
- Seyoum Nebyou
- Sfougaris Dimitrios
- Shachykava Tatsiana
- Shaharuddin Shahadatul
- Shahbaz Aized Raza
- Shaheen Alaa
- Shahine Ahmed
- Shahzad Noman
- Shaikh Nihaal
- Shakshouk Hend Adel Gawad
- Shalabi Ahmad
- Shalaby Mahmoud
- Shalaby Mostafa
- Shamasneh Ala
- Shamsedine Ahmed W.
- Sharma Abhishek
- Sharpin Claire
- Shatkar Veeranna
- Shaw Catherine A.
- Shaw Catherine A.
- Shawky Martina Yusuf
- Shawqi Muhammad
- Sheshe Abdurrahaman
- Sheta Ahmed
- Shillito Sam
- Shiwani Haaris A.
- Sholadoye Tunde
- Shrimanker Nikhita
- Shu Sebastian
- Shu Sebastian
- Shu Sebestian
- Shubianok Maryna
- Shwky Ayman
- Siaw Jia Yng
- Sierra Sebastian
- Sigurdadottir Johanna
- Sii Samuel S. Y.
- Sileri Pierpaolo
- Silvestri Vania
- Simioni Andrea
- Simutis Gintaras
- Skerritt Clare
- Slapelyte Evelina
- Sleem Ahmad Saber
- Sleem Mohamed
- Smart Neil
- Smart Neil
- Smedley Alexander
- Smith Christopher
- Sobnach Sanju
- Sokratous Arestis
- Solaini Leonardo
- Solar Garcia Lorena
- Soldevila-Verdeguer Carla
- Soledad Merlo Maria
- Soley Rafael
- Soliman Abdelrahman
- Soliman Ahmed
- Soliman Noha Abdullah
- Soliman Nourhan
- Soliman Samar
- Soliman Yasmin
- Sollazzo Viviana
- Soon Wai Cheong
- Soreide Jon Arne
- Soreide Kjetil
- Soreide Kjetil
- Souaibou Yacoubou Imorou
- Soulou Vasiliki
- Spence Richard
- Spence Richard
- Spence Richard
- Spence Richard
- Sproule Lorraine
- Srinivasan Ravi
- Sroor Fathy
- Sruogiene Elena Zdanyte
- Steccanella Francesca
- Stefanopoulos Anastasios
- Stock Simon
- Stoddart Michael
- Stoddart Michael
- Stourton Frederick
- Strupas Kestutis
- Stuva Jessica
- Styles Kristian
- Suarez Aida
- Subocius Andrejus
- Sund Malin
- Suresh Sukrit
- Sutandi Nathania
- Suyadi Arlindawati
- Swaroop Mamta
- Syibrah Khuzaimah Zahid
- Tabiri Stephen
- Tabiri Stephen
- Tabiri Stephen
- Tabiri Stephen
- Tackie Enoch
- Taddei Antonio
- Tahboub Haya
- Taher Ayman
- Taher Mustafa Mohammed
- Taieb Chouikh
- Taiwo Agboola
- Taiwo Ogechukwu
- Talaat Muhammed
- Tale Luis
- Talving Peep
- Talving Peep
- Tan Charlene
- Tan Choy Ling
- Tan Joel Kin
- Tan Keith Say Kwang
- Tan Ryan Choon Kiat
- Tan Yee Wen
- Tan Yi Koon
- Tang Lingshan
- Tani Sobhana Iftekhar
- Tansoker Ilkan
- Tarek Adham
- Tarek Dina
- Targa Simone
- Tariq Sherif
- Tata Mahadevan Deva
- Tawfik Badreldin Adel
- Tawfik Gehad
- Teasdale Ella
- Teasdale Ella
- Teasdale Ella
- Tedeschi Umberto
- Tembo Thelma
- Tennakoon Athula
- Teo Shuang Yi
- Ter Eunice Zuling
- Tew Yong Yong
- Tew Yong Yong
- Thabet Waleed
- Thalgaspitiya S. P. B.
- Theodosopoulos Theodosios
- Thollot Aurore
- Thorarinsdottir Hildur
- Thorell Anders
- Timothy Oyediran Kehinde
- Ting Jesse Ron Swire
- To Kathleen
- Tolonen Matti
- Tolotra Todisoa Emmanuella Christina
- Tomas Kadir
- Tori Sayeeda Aktar
- Toribio Orbegozo Pedro Angel
- Torrance Hew D.
- Torres Cardozo Jorge
- Torres Rodriguez Servio Tulio
- Toto Omer Faruk
- Townsend Dominic
- Trompetto Mario
- Tselos Angelos
- Tshisola Serge Kapenda
- Tugnoli Gregorio
- Tun Myint
- Turati Luca
- Turkustani Sondos
- Turpo Espinoza Kenny
- Turpo Espinoza Kevin
- Tutino Roberta
- Tverskis Zygimantas
- Tyler Robert
- Tze R. Goh Ern
- Tzikos Georgios
- Ubiali Paolo
- Ukwenya Yahaya
- ul Razi Syed Asaat
- Ulusahin Mehmet
- Upadhyaya Vijaid
- Urbonas Tomas
- Urniezius Zigmantas
- Uscinas Laimonas
- Uzabumwana Norbert
- Vaicius Arturas
- Valcarcel-Saldana Maria
- Valioulis Ioannis
- Van Der Naald Niels
- Van Niekerk Michael
- Van Straten Stephanie
- Vargas Marvin
- Vartanoglu Talar
- Vartic Mihaela
- Vasquez Giorgio
- Vasquez Idelso
- Veen Torhild
- Velasquez Ricardo
- Venclauskas Linas
- Vendramin Elena
- Venskutonis Donatas
- Venskutonis Donatas
- Verbeek Anna
- Vergara Mejia Angelica Genoveva
- Verjee Azmina
- Vermaas Maarten
- Vicario Erika
- Vicenta Collado Maria
- Vida Lucian Corneliu
- Vilcinskas Mantas
- Villalobos Santiago
- Violi Paola
- Visinskas Petras
- Voulgaris Evangelos
- Wael Noha
- Wakefield Rebecca
- Waledziak Maciej
- Walker Michael
- Walker Nathan
- Walls Luke
- Walsh Michael
- Waqar Muhammad
- Warren Oliver
- Waterman Ade
- Werder Gabriela
- Whitaker John
- White Rebecca
- Whitehurst Katharine
- Wiborg Joachim
- Widiastini T. Ariani
- Widmer Lukas Werner
- Wijayarathna L. S.
- Williams Omolara
- Wilson Ling
- Wilson Michael
- Wilson Michael
- Wimalge P. M. S. N.
- Wogensen Fredrik
- Wolf Bernhard
- Wondoh Paul
- Wondoh Paul
- Wong Chui Yee
- Wong Francisca
- Wong Hong Yee
- Wood Greta
- Worku Mengistu
- Worku Tewodros
- Wright Naomi
- Yahaya Muhammad Taqiyuddin
- Yakubu Musah
- Yam Sir Young
- Yang James
- Yap Suhhuey
- Yau Jih Dar
- Ye Joselyn
- Yeang Li Jing
- Yeung Man Hon Andrew
- Yifieyeh Abiboye
- Yildirim Reyyan
- Yip Chingwan
- Ymeri Shpetim
- Yoganathan Pigeneswaren
- Yolcu Sinem
- Yong Guo Liang
- Younis Abobaker
- Youssef Mohamed
- Yuksek Mahmut Arif
- Yusufali Taha
- Zaa'treh Rula
- Zadoroznas Antanas
- Zahran Diaaaldin
- Zakaria Esraay
- Zakaria Mahmoud
- Zakaria Yehia
- Zaki Ahmed
- Zammit Stefan
- Zampitis Nikolaos
- Zani Augusto
- Zani Augusto
- Zanini Nicola
- Zapata Felipe
- Zarb Ciskje
- Zeta Solis Ludwing Alexander
- Zielinski Martin
- Zilinskas Justas
- Zilinskas Justas
- Zilinskas Justas
- Zilinskiene Reda
- Ziubryte Greta
- Zohair Ahmed
- Zuber Markus
- Zuk Grzegorz
- Zulkifli Athirah
- Zumbuhl Lucius
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/06/2003
- Field of study
BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London
Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis
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- Publication venue
- Oxford University Press
- Publication date
- 01/01/2022
- Field of study
Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US 92492millionusingapproach1and73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was 95004millionusingapproach1and75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially
Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study
- Author
- A Yacoub M.
- A. Adam M.
- A. Nassar M.
- A. Nemer A.
- Aahlin E. K.
- Ab Rahim M. F.
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- Abad-Motos A.
- Abang Jamari D. Z. H.
- Abantanga F.
- Abarca S.
- Abazid E.
- Abbas A.
- Abbas K.
- Abbas M. M.
- Abbasy J.
- Abbosh A.
- Abd B.
- Abd Karim M. F. S.
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- Abdalla Ahmed Elkamel A.
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- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2022
- Field of study
Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised
Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy
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- Kiudelis M
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- Klappenbach R
- Knight S
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- Koay KL
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- Komolafe O
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- Kong C
- Kong SN
- Kong V
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- Konstantina K
- Kontos M
- Kordorwu HEK
- Korkolis D
- Kosai NR
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- Kose E
- Koskenvuo L
- Kostov E
- Kotb AHE-B
- Kotecha D
- Koto MZ
- Kotobi H
- Koumpa F
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- Law JH
- Lawal A
- Lawal AO
- Lawal T
- Lawal TA
- Lawani I
- Lawther R
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- Lim G
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- Machaca M
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- Madrid Barrientos LA
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- Mirza A
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- Mohamed B
- Mohamed F
- Mohamed I
- Mohamed M
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- Mohamed MAEH
- Mohamed MM
- Mohamed O
- Mohamed SR
- Mohameden A
- Mohammad A
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- Mohammed A
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- Montoya Botero JA
- Montrimaite M
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- Mosalum O
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- Nevieraite V
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- Nwabuoku E
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- Palomino Castillo VD
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- Papaskarlatos I-A
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- Qureshi AU
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- Samaraweera DI
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 15/10/2018
- Field of study
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe
Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Parisa
- Abegaz Kedir H.
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abosetugn Akine E.
- Aboyans Victor
- Abrams Elissa M.
- Abreu Lucas G.
- Abrigo Michael R. M.
- Abu Haimed Abdulaziz K.
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Raddad Laith J.
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Acebedo Alyssa
- Ackerman Ilana N.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adair Tim
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adedeji Isaac A.
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adelson Jaimie D.
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- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
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- Advani Shailesh M.
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- Afshari Mahdi
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- Rao Puja C.
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- Rasella Davide
- Rashedi Vahid
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- Reitsma Marissa B.
- Remuzzi Giuseppe
- Renjith Vishnu
- Renzaho Andre M. N. (R17978)
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Øverland Simon
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019.
Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019
Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c
- Author
- Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Abdul Basit
- Abdullah Alkandari
- Abdullatif Husseini
- Adolfo Rubinstein
- Afshin Ostovar
- Agustinus Soemantri
- Ahmad A Zainuddin
- Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff
- Ahmed A Madar
- Aida Pilav
- Aïcha Soumaré
- Akaninyene Otu
- Akihiro Yoshihara
- Akram Pourshams
- Alain Morejon
- Albertino Damasceno
- Alberto Barceló
- Aleksander Giwercman
- Aleksandra Gomula
- Aleksandra Piwonska
- Alessandro Gialluisi
- Alexandre C Pereira
- Alfonso Sousa-Poza
- Ali Ahmadi
- Ali Akbar Shayesteh
- Ali Esmaeili
- Ali Ghanbari
- Ali Reza Safarpour
- Alibek Mereke
- Alice Bonilla-Vargas
- Aline P Batista
- Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam
- Alireza Khosravi
- Alireza Moslem
- Alireza Sadjadi
- Alisha N Wade
- Almaz Sharman
- Altan Onat
- Amalia De Curtis
- Amanda G Thrift
- Amaneh Shayanrad
- Ambady Ramachandran
- Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- Amirabbas Momenan
- Ana B Crujeiras
- Ana Jelaković
- Ana Maria B Menezes
- Ana Paula C Cândido
- Anar Dushpanova
- Anders Grøntved
- Andre P Kengne
- Andrea Gazzinelli
- Andrea R V R Horimoto
- Andrea Y Rodríguez
- Andreia N Pizarro
- Andrew Kingston
- Andrew Wong
- Andrzej Więcek
- Angel R Gonzalez
- Anil Poudyal
- Anjani Kumar Jha
- Anna Bugge
- Anna G Iannone
- Annamari Lundqvist
- Anne Taylor
- Anneke Blokstra
- Annika Rosengren
- Anselmo J Mc Donald Posso
- Anthony Kafatos
- Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- Antonio Cabrera de León
- Antonis Zampelas
- Antonisamy Belavendra
- Anu Mishra
- Anup Ghimire
- Anwar M Batieha
- Archie W Rayner
- Areti Triantafyllou
- Ari Voutilainen
- Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues
- Arsalan Khaledifar
- Aryeh D Stein
- Asher Fawwad
- Augustin F Beybey
- Augustine N Odili
- Aung Soe Htet
- Avula Laxmaiah
- Axel C Carlsson
- Aya Mostafa
- Aye Aye Sein
- Azaliia M Tuliakova
- Azim Nejatizadeh
- Badreya Al-Lahou
- Bagher Larijani
- Bahareh Kheiri
- Bahman Cheraghian
- Bakary Jallow
- Balkish M Naidu
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Beatriz D Schaan
- Behrooz Hamzeh
- Bekbolat Zholdin
- Ben Schöttker
- Benoit Salanave
- Bernard Maire
- Bernardo L Horta
- Bert-Jan van den Born
- Bharathi Viswanathan
- Bihungum Bista
- Bill Stavreski
- Bin Zhou
- Bogdan Wojtyniak
- Bojan Jelaković
- Calvin Ke
- Carl Lachat
- Carlo Maria Barbagallo
- Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Carolina B Tarqui-Mamani
- Caroline H Fall
- Carsten O Schmidt
- Catherine Kyobutungi
- Catterina Ferreccio
- Cecilia Björkelund
- Cézane P Reuter
- Charles Agyemang
- Charles K Mondo
- Charlotte B Ottendahl
- Charmaine A Duante
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- Kurt Widhalm
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- Laura A Rodríguez-Villamizar
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- Lauren Lissner
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- Maciej Tomaszewski
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- Mahboubeh Parsaeian
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- Maja Baretić
- Majid Ezzati
- Malgorzata Mossakowska
- Manuel Ramirez-Zea
- Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
- Marcia Makdisse
- Marcia Scazufca
- Marcin Rutkowski
- Marcus Dörr
- Margus Punab
- Maria Dorobantu
- Maria Forsner
- Maria L Muiesan
- Maria Paula Santos
- Marialaura Bonaccio
- Mariana Sbaraini
- Marianna Noale
- Mariela Paoli
- Marika Ferrari
- Mario V Capanzana
- Marius B Bjertness
- María Del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez
- María-Dolores Chirlaque
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- Marvin Cervantes-Loaiza
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- Marzieh Katibeh
- Masanori Iwasaki
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- Masoud Masinaei
- Massimo Cirillo
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- Mathilde Kersting
- Mauer Gonçalves
- Maung Maung Than Htike
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- Meda E Pavkov
- Meghnath Dhimal
- Melanie J Cowan
- Michael Knoflach
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- Mikhail Benet
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- Modou Cheyassin Phall
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- Oscar A Noboa
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- Parinya Chamnan
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- Paul Zimmet
- Paula Margozzini
- Pavel Piler
- Pawel Kurjata
- Pedro J Ortiz
- Pedro Ordunez
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- Peter Willeit
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- Phalakorn Suebsamran
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- Pietro A Modesti
- Piotr Bandosz
- Pradeep Joshi
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- Ronel Sewpaul
- Roosmarijn Verstraeten
- Rosa Haghshenas
- Rosie K Singleton
- Roya Kelishadi
- Rui Ornelas
- Rui Providencia
- Ruzena Kubinova
- Ryutaro Ohtsuka
- S Goya Wannamethee
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- Sabine Schipf
- Sadaf G Sepanlou
- Saeed Dastgiri
- Saeid Safiri
- Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Sai Yin Ho
- Salar Rahimikazerooni
- Salim Berkinbayev
- Salvador Villalpando
- Sandrine Fosse
- Sanja Šalaj
- Sanjay Rampal
- Sanjib K Sharma
- Santosh K Bhargava
- Sara Schramm
- Sarah Cuschieri
- Sarah P Garnett
- Sare Safi
- Sareh Eghtesad
- Sari Hantunen
- Sauli Herrala
- Senthil K Vasan
- Seppo Koskinen
- Sergio Viana Peixoto
- Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri
- Seyed Morteza Shamshirgaran
- Seyed-Ali Mostafavi
- Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari
- Shahla AlDhukair
- Shalkar Adambekov
- Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Shelly R McFarlane
- Shirin Djalalinia
- Sigmund A Anderssen
- Silvia Plata
- Simona Bo
- Simona Costanzo
- Simona Giampaoli
- Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Slawomir Koziel
- Snehalatha Chamukuttan
- Sofia Malyutina
- Soheir H Ahmed
- Sok King Ong
- Solie Puhakka
- Son Thai Pham
- Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
- Sophia J Kiechl
- Sounnia Mediene Benchekor
- Stefaan De Henauw
- Stefaan Demarest
- Stefan Kiechl
- Stefan Savin
- Stefan Söderberg
- Stefania Maggi
- Stephen T McGarvey
- Stephen Vander Hoorn
- Sudhir Kowlessur
- Susi Kriemler
- Suyeon Park
- Suzanne N Morin
- Sylvain Sebert
- Tahir Aris
- Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic
- Takafumi Ishida
- Take Naseri
- Takuro Furusawa
- Tamara R Santos
- Tandi E Matsha
- Tania Lopez
- Tania Tello
- Terence W O'Neill
- Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Terho Lehtimäki
- Thaliane Mayara Pessôa Dos Prazeres
- Thein Thein Htay
- Thet Thet Mu
- Tiffany K Gill
- Tiina Laatikainen
- Tiina Lankila
- Till Ittermann
- Tint Swe Latt
- Tom Wilsgaard
- Tomas Vega
- Tomasz Grodzicki
- Tomasz Zdrojewski
- Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Tran Quoc Bao
- Trevor S Ferguson
- Tuija Jääskeläinen
- Tze Pin Ng
- Ulla Roggenbuck
- Ulrike Gehring
- Unjali P Gujral
- Urho M Kujala
- Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
- Valérie Deschamps
- Vasiliki Efthymiou
- Vera Lanska
- Victor P F Lhoste
- Vilma E Irazola
- Vinay B Nangia
- Vincent DeGennaro Jr
- Vincenzo Capuano
- Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Viswanathan Mohan
- Viviane C Cardoso
- Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar
- Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud
- Weili Yan
- Wen-Harn Pan
- Wenbin Wei
- Wichai Aekplakorn
- Willem A Hanekom
- Wilma M Hopman
- Wojciech Drygas
- Xenophon Theodoridis
- Xiaotian Liu
- Ximena Berrios Carrasola
- Xinyi Gwee
- Ya Xing Wang
- Yajaira Briceño
- Yannis Manios
- Yanping Li
- Yi Zeng
- Ying-Wei Wang
- Yong Du
- Yosef Farzi
- Youcef Laid
- Young-Ho Khang
- Yousef Saleh Khader
- Yu-Ling Yu
- Yuan Lu
- Yunjiang Yu
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Zbigniew Gaciong
- Zhanna Kalmatayeva
- Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Zivka Dika
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/11/2023
- Field of study
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
- Author
- Aadahl Mette
- Abarca-Gómez Leandra
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J.
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Agdeppa Imelda A.
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahluwalia Tarunveer S.
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmed Soheir H.
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Ajlouni Kamel
- al-Safi Ismail Aziz
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M.
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala’a
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N.
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A.
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araújo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E.
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Asghari Golaleh
- Aspelund Thor
- Assunção Maria Cecília F.
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicová Mária
- Azevedo Ana
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas José R.
- Bao Tran Quoc
- Barbagallo Carlo M.
- Barceló Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M.
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A.
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benet Mikhail
- Benn Marianne
- Bennett James E.
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Bettiol Heloisa
- Bhargava Santosh K.
- Bi Yufang
- Bienek Asako
- Bikbov Mukharram
- Bista Bihungum
- Bixby Honor
- Bjerregaard Peter
- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius B.
- Björkelund Cecilia
- Bloch Katia V.
- Blokstra Anneke
- Bo Simona
- Boehm Bernhard O.
- Boggia Jose G.
- Boissonnet Carlos P.
- Bonaccio Marialaura
- Bongard Vanina
- Borchini Rossana
- Borghs Herman
- Bovet Pascal
- Brajkovich Imperia
- Breckenkamp Juergen
- Brenner Hermann
- Brewster Lizzy M.
- Bruno Graziella
- Bugge Anna
- Busch Markus A.
- Cacciottolo Joseph
- Can Günay
- Capanzana Mario V.
- Capuano Eduardo
- Capuano Vincenzo
- Cardoso Viviane C.
- Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M.
- Carvalho Joana
- Casanueva Felipe F.
- Censi Laura
- Chadjigeorgiou Charalambos A.
- Chamukuttan Snehalatha
- Chaturvedi Nish
- Chen Chien-Jen
- Chen Fangfang
- Chen Shuohua
- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheraghian Bahman
- Chetrit Angela
- Chiou Shu-Ti
- Chirlaque María-Dolores
- Cho Belong
- Cho Yumi
- Chudek Jerzy
- Cifkova Renata
- Cisneros Julio Zuñiga
- Claessens Frank
- Clarke Janine
- Clays Els
- Concin Hans
- Confortin Susana C.
- Cooper Cyrus
- Costanzo Simona
- Cottel Dominique
- Cowan Melanie J.
- Cowell Chris
- Crujeiras Ana B.
- Csilla Semánová
- Cui Liufu
- Cureau Felipe V.
- Cândido Ana Paula C.
- Dallongeville Jean
- Damasceno Albertino
- Danaei Goodarz
- Dankner Rachel
- Dantoft Thomas M.
- Dauchet Luc
- Davletov Kairat
- De Backer Guy
- De Bacquer Dirk
- de Gaetano Giovanni
- De Henauw Stefaan
- de León Antonio Cabrera
- de Oliveira Paula Duarte
- De Ridder David
- De Smedt Delphine
- Deepa Mohan
- Deev Alexander D.
- Dehghan Abbas
- del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez María
- Delisle Hélène
- Dennison Elaine
- Deschamps Valérie
- Dhana Klodian
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Di Castelnuovo Augusto F.
- Di Cesare Mariachiara
- Dika Zivka
- Djalalinia Shirin
- do Carmo Franco Maria
- Dobson Annette J.
- Donfrancesco Chiara
- Donoso Silvana P.
- Dorobantu Maria
- Dragano Nico
- Drygas Wojciech
- Du Yong
- Duante Charmaine A.
- Duda Rosemary B.
- Dzerve Vilnis
- Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk Elzbieta
- Döring Angela
- D’Arrigo Graziella
- d’Orsi Eleonora
- Eddie Ricky
- Eftekhar Ebrahim
- Eggertsen Robert
- Eghtesad Sareh
- Eiben Gabriele
- Ekelund Ulf
- El Ati Jalila
- Eldemire-Shearer Denise
- Eliasen Marie
- Elosua Roberto
- Erasmus Rajiv T.
- Erbel Raimund
- Erem Cihangir
- Eriksen Louise
- Eriksson Johan G.
- Escobedo-de la Peña Jorge
- Eslami Saeid
- Esmaeili Ali
- Evans Alun
- Ezzati Majid
- Faeh David
- Fall Caroline H.
- Faramarzi Elnaz
- Farjam Mojtaba
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Fattahi Mohammad Reza
- Felix-Redondo Francisco J.
- Ferguson Trevor S.
- Fernández-Bergés Daniel
- Ferrante Daniel
- Ferrari Marika
- Ferreccio Catterina
- Ferrieres Jean
- Foo Leng Huat
- Forslund Ann-Sofie
- Forsner Maria
- Fouad Heba M.
- Francis Damian K.
- Franco Oscar H.
- Frontera Guillermo
- Fujita Yuki
- Fumihiko Matsuda
- Furusawa Takuro
- Föger Bernhard
- Gaciong Zbigniew
- Galvano Fabio
- Gao Jingli
- Garcia-de-la-Hera Manoli
- Garnett Sarah P.
- Gaspoz Jean-Michel
- Gasull Magda
- Gazzinelli Andrea
- Geleijnse Johanna M.
- Ghanbari Ali
- Ghasemi Erfan
- Gheorghe-Fronea Oana-Florentina
- Ghimire Anup
- Giampaoli Simona
- Gianfagna Francesco
- Gill Tiffany K.
- Giovannelli Jonathan
- Gironella Glen
- Giwercman Aleksander
- Goltzman David
- Gonzalez Angel R.
- Gonzalez-Chica David A.
- Gonzalez-Gross Marcela
- González-Rivas Juan P.
- González-Villalpando Clicerio
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- Kelishadi Roya
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- Kersting Mathilde
- Khader Yousef Saleh
- Khalili Davood
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- Korpelainen Raija
- Korrovits Paul
- Kos Jelena
- Koskinen Seppo
- Kouda Katsuyasu
- Kowlessur Sudhir
- Kratzer Wolfgang
- Kriemler Susi
- Kristensen Peter Lund
- Krokstad Steiner
- Kromhout Daan
- Kujala Urho M.
- Kumar Rachakulla Hari
- Kurjata Pawel
- Kuulasmaa Kari
- Kyobutungi Catherine
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- Lachat Carl
- Laid Youcef
- Lam Tai Hing
- Lambrinou Christina-Paulina
- Lanska Vera
- Lappas Georg
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- Lima-Costa M. Fernanda
- Lin Hsien-Ho
- Lin Xu
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- Liu Jing
- Loit Helle-Mai
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- Mann Jim I.
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- Mediene-Benchekor Sounnia
- Mehdipour Parinaz
- Mehlig Kirsten
- Mehrparvar Amir Houshang
- Meirhaeghe Aline
- Meisinger Christa
- Menezes Ana Maria B.
- Menon Geetha R.
- Merat Shahin
- Mereke Alibek
- Meshram Indrapal I.
- Metcalf Patricia
- Meyer Haakon E.
- Mi Jie
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- Modesti Pietro A.
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- Mohajer Bahram
- Mohamed Mostafa K.
- Mohammad Kazem
- Mohammadi Zahra
- Mohammadifard Noushin
- Mohammadpourhodki Reza
- Mohamud Wan Nazaimoon Wan
- Mohan Viswanathan
- Mohanna Salim
- Mohebbi Iraj
- Mohebi Farnam
- Moitry Marie
- Molnár Dénes
- Momenan Amirabbas
- Mondo Charles K.
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- Moosazadeh Mahmood
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- Mossakowska Malgorzata
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- Motta Jorge
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- Mustafa Norlaila
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- Nakamura Harunobu
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- Nauck Matthias
- NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- Neal William A.
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- Nenko Ilona
- Nervi Flavio
- Nguyen Nguyen D.
- Nguyen Quang Ngoc
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- Nihal Thomas
- Niiranen Teemu J.
- Ning Guang
- Ninomiya Toshiharu
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- Nuhoğlu Irfan
- Námešná Jana
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- Oh Kyungwon
- Ohtsuka Ryutaro
- Olafsson Örn
- Oliveira Isabel O.
- Olié Valérie
- Omar Mohd Azahadi
- Onat Altan
- Ong Sok King
- Ordunez Pedro
- Ornelas Rui
- Ortiz Pedro J.
- Osmond Clive
- Ostojic Sergej M.
- Ostovar Afshin
- Otero Johanna A.
- Owusu-Dabo Ellis
- O’Neill Terence W.
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- Pajak Andrzej
- Palmieri Luigi
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- Peixoto Sergio Viana
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- Pereira Alexandre C.
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- Petersmann Astrid
- Petkeviciene Janina
- Peykari Niloofar
- Pham Son Thai
- Pichardo Rafael N.
- Pigeot Iris
- Pilav Aida
- Pilotto Lorenza
- Piwonska Aleksandra
- Pizarro Andreia N.
- Plans-Rubió Pedro
- Plata Silvia
- Pohlabeln Hermann
- Porta Miquel
- Portegies Marileen L. P.
- Poudyal Anil
- Pourfarzi Farhad
- Poustchi Hossein
- Pradeepa Rajendra
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- Ramos Elisabete
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- Rao Sudha Ramachandra
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- Ruidavets Jean-Bernard
- Ruiz-Betancourt Blanca Sandra
- Russo Paola
- Rust Petra
- Rutkowski Marcin
- Sabanayagam Charumathi
- Sachdev Harshpal S.
- Sadjadi Alireza
- Safarpour Ali Reza
- Safiri Saeid
- Saidi Olfa
- Saki Nader
- Salanave Benoit
- Salmerón Diego
- Salomaa Veikko
- Salonen Jukka T.
- Salvetti Massimo
- Sans Susana
- Santaliestra-Pasías Alba M.
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- Scheidt-Nave Christa
- Schienkiewitz Anja
- Schipf Sabine
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- Schöttker Ben
- Sebert Sylvain
- Sein Aye Aye
- Sen Abhijit
- Sepanlou Sadaf G.
- Servais Jennifer
- Shakeri Ramin
- Shalnova Svetlana A.
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- Sharafkhah Maryam
- Sharma Sanjib K.
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- Shayanrad Amaneh
- Shi Zumin
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- Shin Dong Wook
- Shin Youchan
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- Shrestha Namuna
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- Siantar Rosalynn
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- Skaaby Tea
- Slowikowska-Hilczer Jolanta
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- Sofat Reecha
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- Somi Mohammad Hossein
- Sonestedt Emily
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- Stevanović Ranko
- Stevens Gretchen A.
- Stieber Jutta
- Stokwiszewski Jakub
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- Strufaldi Maria Wany
- Stöckl Doris
- Sun Chien-An
- Sundström Johan
- Suriyawongpaisal Paibul
- Suárez-Medina Ramón
- Sy Rody G.
- Sylva René Charles
- Szklo Moyses
- Sánchez-Abanto Jose
- Söderberg Stefan
- Sørensen Thorkild I. A.
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- Tai E. Shyong
- Tamosiunas Abdonas
- Tan Eng Joo
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- Tello Tania
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- Topór-Madry Roman
- Tormo María José
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- Torres-Collado Laura
- Traissac Pierre
- Trinh Oanh T. H.
- Truthmann Julia
- Tsugane Shoichiro
- Tulloch-Reid Marshall K.
- Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka
- Tuomilehto Jaakko
- Tybjaerg-Hansen Anne
- Tzourio Christophe
- Ueda Peter
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- Unal Belgin
- Uusitalo Hannu M. T.
- Valdivia Gonzalo
- Valvi Damaskini
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- Van Minh Hoang
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- Van Schoor Natasja M.
- van Valkengoed Irene G. M.
- Vanderschueren Dirk
- Vanuzzo Diego
- Varbo Anette
- Varona-Pérez Patricia
- Vasan Senthil K.
- Vatten Lars
- Vega Tomas
- Veidebaum Toomas
- Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
- Venero-Fernández Silvia J.
- Veronesi Giovanni
- Verschuren W. M. Monique
- Victora Cesar G.
- Vidiawati Dhanasari
- Viet Lucie
- Villalpando Salvador
- Vioque Jesus
- Virtanen Jyrki K.
- Visvikis-Siest Sophie
- Viswanathan Bharathi
- Vlasoff Tiina
- Vollenweider Peter
- Voortman Trudy
- Voutilainen Ari
- Vrkic Tajana Zeljkovic
- Wade Alisha N.
- Wagner Aline
- Walton Janette
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S. Goya
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Wei Wenbin
- Whincup Peter H.
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S.
- Wiecek Andrzej
- Wijga Alet H.
- Wilks Rainford J.
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A.
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C.
- Wu Shouling
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yan Weili
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yeow Toh Peng
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K.
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O.
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zainuddin Ahmad A.
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zali Mohammad Reza
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhussupov Baurzhan
- Zoghlami Nada
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agdeppa Imelda A
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmed Soheir H
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M
- Al-Othman Amani Rashed
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Allin Kristine
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N
- Amiri Parisa
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A
- Angquist Lars
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araujo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K
- Assuncao Maria Cecilia F
- Aung May Soe
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicova Maria
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Baker Jennifer L
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas Jose R
- Baran Joanna
- Barbagallo Carlo M
- Barcelo Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Barros Aluisio JD
- Barros Mauro Virgilio Gomes
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz D
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M
- Batista Rosangela L
- Battakova Zhamilya
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Bel-Serrat Silvia
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benedics Judith
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E
- Bennett James E
- Bentham James
- Bergh Ingunn Holden
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Bettiol Heloisa
- Bezerra Jorge
- Bhagyalaxmi Aroor
- Bharadwaj Sumit
- Bhargava Santosh K
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bi Hongsheng
- Bi Yufang
- Bia Daniel
- Bikbov Mukharram M
- Bista Bihungum
- Bixby Honor
- Bjelica Dusko J
- Bjerregaard Peter
- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius B
- Bjorkelund Cecilia
- Black Robert
- Bloch Katia V
- Blokstra Anneke
- Bo Simona
- Bobak Martin
- Boddy Lynne M
- Boehm Bernhard O
- Boeing Heiner
- Boggia Jose G
- Bogova Elena
- Boissonnet Carlos P
- Bojesen Stig E
- Boker Lital Keinan
- Bonaccio Marialaura
- Bongard Vanina
- Bonilla-Vargas Alice
- Bopp Matthias
- Borghs Herman
- Bovet Pascal
- Braeckevelt Lien
- Braeckman Lutgart
- Bragt Marjolijn CE
- Brajkovich Imperia
- Branca Francesco
- Braunerova Radka Taxova
- Breckenkamp Juergen
- Breda Joao
- Brenner Hermann
- Brewster Lizzy M
- Brian Garry R
- Brinduse Lacramioara
- Brophy Sinead
- Bruno Graziella
- Bueno-de-Mesquita H Bas
- Bugge Anna
- Buoncristiano Marta
- Burazeri Genc
- Burns Con
- Cacciottolo Joseph
- Cadena Leticia Hernandez
- Cai Hui
- Cama Tilema
- Cameron Christine
- Camolas Jose
- Can Gunay
- Candido Ana Paula C
- Canete Felicia
- Capanzana Mario V
- Capkova Nadezda
- Capuano Eduardo
- Capuano Vincenzo
- Cardol Marloes
- Cardoso Viviane C
- Carlsson Axel C
- Carmuega Esteban
- Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M
- Carvalho Joana
- Casajus Jose A
- Casanueva Felipe F
- Celikcan Ertugrul
- Censi Laura
- Cervantes-Loaiza Marvin
- Cesar Juraci A
- Chamukuttan Snehalatha
- Chan Angelique W
- Chan Queenie
- Chaturvedi Himanshu K
- Chaturvedi Nish
- Chen Chien-Jen
- Chen Fangfang
- Chen Huashuai
- Chen Shuohua
- Chen Zhengming
- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheraghian Bahman
- Chetrit Angela
- Chikova-Iscener Ekaterina
- Chinh Nguyen Huu
- Chiolero Arnaud
- Chiou Shu-Ti
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirlaque Maria-Dolores
- Cho Belong
- Christensen Kaare
- Christofaro Diego G
- Chudek Jerzy
- Cifkova Renata
- Cilia Michelle
- Cinteza Eliza
- Cisneros Julio Zuniga
- Claessens Frank
- Clarke Janine
- Clays Els
- Cohen Emmanuel
- Concin Hans
- Confortin Susana C
- Cooper Cyrus
- Coppinger Tara C
- Corpeleijn Eva
- Costanzo Simona
- Cottel Dominique
- Cowan Melanie J
- Cowell Chris
- Craig Cora L
- Crampin Amelia C
- Crujeiras Ana B
- Csilla Semanova
- Cucu Alexandra M
- Cui Liufu
- Cureau Felipe V
- D'Arrigo Graziella
- d'Orsi Eleonora
- da Silva Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro
- Dacica Liliana
- Dallongeville Jean
- Damasceno Albertino
- Damsgaard Camilla T
- Danaei Goodarz
- Danaei Goodarz
- Dankner Rachel
- Dantoft Thomas M
- Dasgupta Parasmani
- Dastgiri Saeed
- Dauchet Luc
- Davletov Kairat
- De Backer Guy
- De Bacquer Dirk
- de Gaetano Giovanni
- De Henauw Stefaan
- de Leon Antonio Cabrera
- de Oliveira Paula Duarte
- de Paiva Karina Mary
- De Ridder David
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- De Smedt Delphine
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- de Wit Tobias F Rinke
- Deepa Mohan
- Deev Alexander D
- DeGennaro Vincent
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- Delpeuch Francis
- Demarest Stefaan
- Dennison Elaine
- Deren Katarzyna
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- Dhana Klodian
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Di Castelnuovo Augusto F
- Di Cesare Mariachiara
- Dias-da-Costa Juvenal Soares
- Diaz Alejandro
- Diaz-Sanchez Maria Elena
- Dika Zivka
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- Donfrancesco Chiara
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- Doring Angela
- Dorobantu Maria
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- Doua Kouamelan
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- Duleva Vesselka
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- Dumith Samuel C
- Dushpanova Anar
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- Eghtesad Sareh
- Eiben Gabriele
- Ekelund Ulf
- El Ati Jalila
- El-Khateeb Mohammad
- Eldemire-Shearer Denise
- Eliasen Marie
- Elliott Paul
- Engle-Stone Reina
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- Erasmus Rajiv T
- Erbel Raimund
- Erem Cihangir
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- Escobedo-de la Pena Jorge
- Eslami Saeid
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- Faeh David
- Fakhretdinova Albina A
- Fall Caroline H
- Faramarzi Elnaz
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- Ferrari Marika
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- Ferreccio Catterina
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- Ferrieres Jean
- Figueiro Thamara Hubler
- Fijalkowska Anna
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- Fischer Krista
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- Foo Leng Huat
- Forsner Maria
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- Franco Maria do Carmo
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- Fuchs Flavio D
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- Fujita Yuki
- Fumihiko Matsuda
- Furusawa Takuro
- Gaciong Zbigniew
- Gafencu Mihai
- Galbarczyk Andrzej
- Galenkamp Henrike
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- Galvano Fabio
- Gao Jingli
- Garba Jamila Abubakar
- Garcia-de-la-Hera Manoli
- Garcia-Solano Marta
- Gareta Dickman
- Garnett Sarah P
- Gaspoz Jean-Michel
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- Geleijnse Johanna M
- Ghaffar Suhaila Abdul
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- Ghasemi Erfan
- Gheorghe-Fronea Oana-Florentina
- Giampaoli Simona
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- Giwercman Aleksander
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- Godos Justyna
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- Gonzalez-Villalpando Clicerio
- Gonzalez-Villalpando Maria-Elena
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- Grammatikopoulou Maria G
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- Grodzicki Tomasz
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- Grontved Anders
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- Gruden Gabriella
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- Haghshenas Rosa
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- Howitt Christina
- Htet Aung Soe
- Htike Maung Maung Than
- Hu Yonghua
- Huerta Jose Maria
- Huhtaniemi Ilpo Tapani
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- Hwalla Nahla
- Hyska Jolanda
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- Ibrahim Mohsen M
- Ikeda Nayu
- Ikram M Arfan
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- Iotova Violeta
- Irazola Vilma E
- Ishida Takafumi
- Islam Muhammad
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- Jamrozik Konrad
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- Jerome Charles Sossa
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- Kersting Mathilde
- Key Timothy
- Khader Yousef Saleh
- Khalili Davood
- Khang Young-Ho
- Khang Young-Ho
- Khanh Le Nguyen Bao
- Khaw Kay-Tee
- Kheiri Bahareh
- Kheradmand Motahareh
- Khosravi Alireza
- Khouw Ilse MSL
- Khuong Quynh Long
- Kiechl Stefan
- Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula
- Killewo Japhet
- Kim Dong Wook
- Kim Hyeon Chang
- Kim Jeongseon
- Kindblom Jenny M
- Klakk Heidi
- Klimek Magdalena
- Klimont Jeannette
- Klumbiene Jurate
- Knoflach Michael
- Koirala Bhawesh
- Kolle Elin
- Kolsteren Patrick
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- Korrovits Paul
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- Koskinen Seppo
- Kouda Katsuyasu
- Kovacs Viktoria A
- Kowlessur Sudhir
- Koziel Slawomir
- Kratzer Wolfgang
- Kriemler Susi
- Kristensen Peter Lund
- Krokstad Steiner
- Kromhout Daan
- Krtalic Branimir
- Kruger Herculina S
- Kubinova Ruzena
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- Kujundzic Enisa
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- Kumar R Krishna
- Kumar Rachakulla Hari
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- Kurjata Pawel
- Kusuma Yadlapalli S
- Kuulasmaa Kari
- Kyobutungi Catherine
- Laamiri Fatima Zahra
- Laatikainen Tiina
- Lachat Carl
- Laid Youcef
- Lam Tai Hing
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- Larijani Bagher
- Latt Tint Swe
- Lauria Laura
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- Lazo-Porras Maria
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- Lee Jeonghee
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- Li Yanping
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- Lin Xu
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- Linneberg Allan
- Lissner Lauren
- Litwin Mieczyslaw
- Liu Jing
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- Lo Wei-Cheng
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- Lopez Tania
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- Lukrafka Janice L
- Luksiene Dalia
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- Lundqvist Robert
- Lunet Nuno
- Lunogelo Charles
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- Manios Yannis
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- Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz
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- Margozzini Paula
- Marina Loreto Santa
- Markaki Anastasia
- Markey Oonagh
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- Marrugat Jaume
- Martin Rosemarie
- Martin-Prevel Yves
- Martinez Eduardo Salazar
- Martorell Reynaldo
- Martos Eva
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- Matijasevich Alicia
- Matsha Tandi E
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- McNulty Breige A
- Mediene-Benchekor Sounnia
- Medzioniene Jurate
- Mehdipour Parinaz
- Mehlig Kirsten
- Mehrparvar Amir Houshang
- Meirhaeghe Aline
- Meisfjord Jorgen
- Meisinger Christa
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- Mensink Gert BM
- Menzano Maria Teresa
- Mereke Alibek
- Meshram Indrapal I
- Metspalu Andres
- Mi Jie
- Michaelsen Kim F
- Michels Nathalie
- Mikkel Kairit
- Milanovic Sanja Music
- Milkowska Karolina
- Miller Jody C
- Minderico Claudia S
- Mini GK
- Miquel Juan Francisco
- Miranda J Jaime
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- Mirjalili Mohammad Reza
- Mirkopoulou Daphne
- Mirrakhimov Erkin
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- Mistretta Antonio
- Mocanu Veronica
- Modesti Pietro A
- Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi
- Mohajer Bahram
- Mohamed Mostafa K
- Mohamed Shukri F
- Mohammad Kazem
- Mohammadi Zahra
- Mohammadifard Noushin
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- Mohebbi Iraj
- Mohebi Farnam
- Moitry Marie
- Molbo Drude
- Mollehave Line T
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- Molnar Denes
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- Monterrubio-Flores Eric
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- Morejon Alain
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- Moreno Luis A
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- Mortensen Erik Lykke
- Moschonis George
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- Mostafa Aya
- Mota Jorge
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- Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeel
- Motta Jorge
- Moura-dos-Santos Marcos Andre
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- Msyamboza Kelias P
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- Mugosa Boban
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- Mukhtorova Parvina
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- Mursu Jaakko
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- Mustafa Norlaila
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- Naderimagham Shohreh
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- Nervi Flavio
- Nguyen Chung T
- Nguyen Nguyen D
- Nieto-Martinez Ramfis E
- Nikitin Yury P
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- Noto Davide
- Nowak-Szczepanska Natalia
- Nuhoglu Irfan
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- O'Reilly Dermot
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- Ochimana Caleb
- Ochoa-Aviles Angelica M
- Oda Eiji
- Oh Kyungwon
- Ohara Kumiko
- Ohlsson Claes
- Ohtsuka Ryutaro
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- Panza Francesco
- Papandreou Dimitrios
- Park Soon-Woo
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- Parnell Winsome R
- Parsaeian Mahboubeh
- Pascanu Ionela M
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- Peltonen Markku
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- Perez-Farinos Napoleon
- Peterkova Valentina
- Peters Annette
- Petersmann Astrid
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- Petrauskiene Ausra
- Petrescu Constanta Huidumac
- Pettenuzzo Emanuela
- Peykari Niloofar
- Pichardo Rafael N
- Pierannunzio Daniela
- Pigeot Iris
- Pikhart Hynek
- Pilav Aida
- Pilotto Lorenza
- Pistelli Francesco
- Pitakaka Freda
- Piwonska Aleksandra
- Pizarro Andreia N
- Plans-Rubio Pedro
- Poh Bee Koon
- Pohlabeln Hermann
- Pop Raluca M
- Popovic Stevo R
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- Porta Miquel
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- Poudyal Anil
- Poulimeneas Dimitrios
- Pouraram Hamed
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- Punab Margus
- Qasrawi Radwan F
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- Rarra Vayia
- Rascon-Pacheco Ramon A
- Rasmussen Mette
- Rech Cassiano Ricardo
- Redon Josep
- Reganit Paul Ferdinand M
- Regecova Valeria
- Revilla Luis
- Rezaianzadeh Abbas
- Ribas-Barba Lourdes
- Ribeiro Robespierre
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- Richter Adrian
- Rigo Fernando
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- Rinaldo Natascia
- Rito Ana
- Ritti-Dias Raphael M
- Rivera Juan A
- Robitaille Cynthia
- Roccaldo Romana
- Rodrigues Daniela
- Rodriguez-Artalejo Fernando
- Rodriguez-Martinez Andrea
- Rodriguez-Perez Maria del Cristo
- Rodriguez-Villamizar Laura A
- Roggenbuck Ulla
- Rojas-Martinez Rosalba
- Rojroongwasinkul Nipa
- Romaguera Dora
- Romeo Elisabetta L
- Rosario Angelika Schaffrath
- Rosario Rafaela V
- Rosengren Annika
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- Ruhli Frank J
- Ruidavets Jean-Bernard
- Ruiz-Betancourt Blanca Sandra
- Rusakova Iuliia A
- Russo Paola
- Rust Petra
- Rutkowski Marcin
- Saavedra Maria Angeles Dal Re
- Sabanayagam Charumathi
- Sacchini Elena
- Sachdev Harshpal S
- Sadjadi Alireza
- Safarpour Ali Reza
- Safi Sare
- Safiri Saeid
- Saidi Olfa
- Saki Nader
- Salanave Benoit
- Salmeron Diego
- Salomaa Veikko
- Salonen Jukka T
- Salvetti Massimo
- Samoutian Margarita
- Sanchez-Abanto Jose
- Sandjaja
- Sans Susana
- Sant'Angelo Victoria Farrugia
- Santos Diana A
- Santos Ina S
- Santos Lelita C
- Santos Maria Paula
- Santos Osvaldo
- Santos Rute
- Sanz Sara Santos
- Saramies Jouko L
- Sardinha Luis B
- Sarrafzadegan Nizal
- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
- Saum Kai-Uwe
- Savin Stefan
- Savva Savvas
- Savy Mathilde
- Sawada Norie
- Sbaraini Mariana
- Scazufca Marcia
- Schaan Beatriz D
- Schargrodsky Herman
- Schienkiewitz Anja
- Schindler Karin
- Schipf Sabine
- Schmidt Carsten O
- Schmidt Ida Maria
- Schnohr Peter
- Schottker Ben
- Schramm Sara
- Schramm Stine
- Schroder Helmut
- Schultsz Constance
- Schutte Aletta E
- Sebert Sylvain
- Sein Aye Aye
- Selamat Rusidah
- Sember Vedrana
- Sen Abhijit
- Senbanjo Idowu O
- Sepanlou Sadaf G
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- Serra-Majem Luis
- Servais Jennifer
- Sevcikova Ludmila
- Shalnova Svetlana A
- Shamah-Levy Teresa
- Shamshirgaran Morteza
- Shanthirani Coimbatore Subramaniam
- Sharafkhah Maryam
- Sharma Sanjib K
- Shaw Jonathan E
- Shayanrad Amaneh
- Shayesteh Ali Akbar
- Shengelia Lela
- Shi Zumin
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shimizu-Furusawa Hana
- Shin Dong Wook
- Shin Youchan
- Shirani Majid
- Shiri Rahman
- Shrestha Namuna
- Si-Ramlee Khairil
- Siani Alfonso
- Siantar Rosalynn
- Sibai Abla M
- Silva Antonio M
- Silva Diego Augusto Santos
- Simina Iulia Jurca
- Simon Mary
- Simons Judith
- Simons Leon A
- Sjoberg Agneta
- Sjostrom Michael
- Skodje Gry
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- Slusarczyk Przemyslaw
- Smeeth Liam
- So Hung-Kwan
- Soares Fernanda Cunha
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- Sobngwi Eugene
- Sodemann Morten
- Soderberg Stefan
- Soekatri Moesijanti YE
- Soemantri Agustinus
- Sofat Reecha
- Solfrizzi Vincenzo
- Somi Mohammad Hossein
- Son Thai Pham
- Sonestedt Emily
- Song Yi
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- Sorensen Thorkild IA
- Sorensen Thorkild IA
- Sorgjerd Elin P
- Soric Maroje
- Soric Maroje
- Soto-Rojas Victoria E
- Soumare Aicha
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- Sparboe-Nilsen Bente
- Sparrenberger Karen
- Spinelli Angela
- Spiroski Igor
- Staessen Jan A
- Stamm Hanspeter
- Starc Gregor
- Starc Gregor
- Stathopoulou Maria G
- Staub Kaspar
- Stavreski Bill
- Steene-Johannessen Jostein
- Stehle Peter
- Stein Aryeh D
- Stergiou George S
- Stessman Jochanan
- Stevanovic Ranko
- Stevens Gretchen A
- Stieber Jutta
- Stockl Doris
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- Stokwiszewski Jakub
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- Sundstrom Johan
- Sung Yn-Tz
- Sunyer Jordi
- Suriyawongpaisal Paibul
- Swinburn Boyd A
- Sy Rody G
- Syddall Holly E
- Sylva Rene Charles
- Szklo Moyses
- Szponar Lucjan
- Taddei Cristina
- Tai E Shyong
- Tammesoo Mari-Liis
- Tamosiunas Abdonas
- Tan Eng Joo
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- Tanser Frank
- Tao Yong
- Tarawneh Mohammed Rasoul
- Tarp Jakob
- Tarqui-Mamani Carolina B
- Taylor Anne
- Taylor Julie
- Tchibindat Felicite
- Tebar William R
- Tell Grethe S
- Tello Tania
- Thankappan KR
- Thein Thein Htay
- Theobald Holger
- Theodoridis Xenophon
- Thet Thet Mu
- Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran
- Thijs Lutgarde
- Thomas Nihal
- Thuesen Betina H
- Ticha Lubica
- Timmermans Erik J
- Tjonneland Anne
- Tolonen Hanna K
- Tolstrup Janne S
- Topbas Murat
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Torheim Liv Elin
- Tormo Maria Jose
- Tornaritis Michael J
- Torrent Maties
- Torres-Collado Laura
- Toselli Stefania
- Traissac Pierre
- Tran Quoc Bao
- Trichopoulos Dimitrios
- Trichopoulou Antonia
- Trinh Oanh TH
- Trivedi Atul
- Tshepo Lechaba
- Tsigga Maria
- Tsugane Shoichiro
- Tuliakova Azaliia M
- Tulloch-Reid Marshall K
- Tullu Fikru
- Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka
- Tuomilehto Jaakko
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- Tynelius Per
- Tzotzas Themistoklis
- Tzourio Christophe
- Ueda Peter
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- Ulmer Hanno
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- Usupova Zhamyila
- Uusitalo Hannu MT
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- Vaitkeviciute Justina
- Valdivia Gonzalo
- Vale Susana
- Valvi Damaskini
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- Van der Heyden Johan
- van der Schouw Yvonne T
- Van Herck Koen
- van Valkengoed Irene GM
- Vanderschueren Dirk
- Vanuzzo Diego
- Varbo Anette
- Varela-Moreiras Gregorio
- Varona-Perez Patricia
- Vasan Senthil K
- Vega Tomas
- Veidebaum Toomas
- Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
- Velika Biruta
- Veronesi Giovanni
- Verschuren WM Monique
- Victora Cesar G
- Viegi Giovanni
- Viet Lucie
- Villalpando Salvador
- Vineis Paolo
- Vioque Jesus
- Virtanen Jyrki K
- Visser Marjolein
- Visvikis-Siest Sophie
- Viswanathan Bharathi
- Vladulescu Mihaela
- Vlasoff Tiina
- Vocanec Dorja
- Volzke Henry
- Voutilainen Ari
- Voutilainen Sari
- Vrijheid Martine
- Vrijkotte Tanja GM
- Vrkic Tajana Zeljkovic
- Wade Alisha N
- Wagner Aline
- Waldhor Thomas
- Walton Janette
- Wambiya Elvis OA
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Weber Adelheid
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Weerasekera Deepa
- Weghuber Daniel
- Wei Wenbin
- Weres Aneta
- Werner Bo
- Whincup Peter H
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S
- Wiecek Andrzej
- Wilks Rainford J
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Williams Julianne
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Jyh Eiin
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C
- Wu Jianfeng
- Wu Li Juan
- Wu Shouling
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O
- Yusof Safiah Md
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilova Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zargar Abdul Hamid
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zuziak Monika
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A.
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J.
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Agdeppa Imelda A.
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmadvand Alireza
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M.
- Al-Othman Amani Rashed
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M.
- Ali Osman
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N.
- Amouyel Philippe
- Amuzu Antoinette
- Anderssen Sigmund A.
- Angquist Lars H.
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Anselmo Olinto Maria Teresa
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araujo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E.
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K.
- Assuncao Maria Cecilia F.
- Aung May Soe
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicova Maria
- Azevedo Ana
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V.
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Baker Jennifer L.
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
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- Mossakowska Malgorzata
- Mostafa Aya
- Mota Jorge
- Mota-Pinto Anabela
- Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeel
- Motta Jorge
- Msyamboza Kelias P.
- Mu Thet Thet
- Muc Magdalena
- Mueller-Nurasyid Martina
- Mugosa Boban
- Muiesan Maria Lorenza
- Mukhtorova Parvina
- Murphy Neil
- Mursu Jaakko
- Murtagh Elaine M.
- Musil Vera
- Nabipour Iraj
- Naderimagham Shohreh
- Nagel Gabriele
- Naidu Balkish M.
- Nakamura Harunobu
- Namesna Jana
- Nang Ei Ei K.
- Nangia Vinay B.
- Nankap Martin
- Narake Sameer
- Nardone Paola
- Nauck Matthias
- Navarrete-Munoz Eva Maria
- Neal William A.
- Nelis Keiu
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- Nenko Ilona
- Neovius Martin
- Nervi Flavio
- Nguyen Chung T.
- Nguyen Nguyen D.
- Nieto-Martinez Ramfis E.
- Ning Guang
- Ninomiya Toshiharu
- Nishtar Sania
- Noale Marianna
- Noboa Oscar A.
- Norat Teresa
- Norie Sawada
- Noto Davide
- Nurk Eha
- Nyirenda Moffat
- O'Neill Terence W.
- O'Reilly Dermot
- Obreja Galina
- Ochoa-Aviles Angelica M.
- Oda Eiji
- Oh Kyungwon
- Ohara Kumiko
- Ohtsuka Ryutaro
- Olafsson Orn
- Oliveira Isabel O.
- Oltarzewski Maciej
- Omar Mohd Azahadi
- Onat Altan
- Ong Sok King
- Ono Lariane M.
- Ordunez Pedro
- Ornelas Rui
- Ortiz Ana P.
- Ortiz Pedro J.
- Osler Merete
- Osmond Clive
- Ostojic Sergej M.
- Ostovar Afshin
- Otero Johanna A.
- Overvad Kim
- Owusu-Dabo Ellis
- Paccaud Fred Michel
- Paciorek Christopher J.
- Padez Cristina
- Pagkalos Ioannis
- Pahomova Elena
- Pajak Andrzej
- Palli Domenico
- Palloni Alberto
- Palmieri Luigi
- Pan Wen-Harn
- Panda-Jonas Songhomitra
- Pandey Arvind
- Panza Francesco
- Papandreou Dimitrios
- Park Soon-Woo
- Parnell Winsome R.
- Parsaeian Mahboubeh
- Pascanu Ionela M.
- Patel Nikhil D.
- Pecin Ivan
- Pednekar Mangesh S.
- Peer Nasheeta
- Peixoto Sergio Viana
- Peltonen Markku
- Pereira Alexandre C.
- Perez Cynthia M.
- Perez-Farinos Napoleon
- Peters Annette
- Petersmann Astrid
- Petkeviciene Janina
- Petrauskiene Ausra
- Petrescu Constanta Huidumac
- Peykari Niloofar
- Pierannunzio Daniela
- Pigeot Iris
- Pikhart Hynek
- Pilav Aida
- Pilotto Lorenza
- Pistelli Francesco
- Pitakaka Freda
- Piwonska Aleksandra
- Plans-Rubio Pedro
- Poh Bee Koon
- Pohlabeln Hermann
- Pop Raluca M.
- Popovic Stevo R.
- Porta Miquel
- Portegies Marileen L. P.
- Posch Georg
- Poulimeneas Dimitrios
- Pouraram Hamed
- Pourshams Akram
- Poustchi Hossein
- Pradeepa Rajendra
- Price Alison J.
- Price Jacqueline F.
- Puder Jardena J.
- Pudule Iveta
- Puhakka Soile E.
- Puiu Maria
- Punab Margus
- Qasrawi Radwan F.
- Qorbani Mostafa
- Quang Ngoc La Quang Ngoc La
- Quang Ngoc Nguyen Quang Ngoc Nguyen
- Radhika Madhari S.
- Radic Ivana
- Radisauskas Ricardas
- Rahim Norsyamlina Che Abdul
- Rahman Mahfuzar
- Rahman Mahmudur
- Raitakari Olli
- Raj Manu
- Rajkumar Hemalatha
- Rakhmatulloev Sherali
- Ramachandran Ambady
- Ramke Jacqueline
- Ramos Elisabete
- Ramos Rafel
- Rampal Lekhraj
- Rampal Sanjay
- Rao Kodavanti Mallikharjuna
- Rao Sudha Ramachandra
- Rascon-Pacheco Ramon A.
- Rasmussen Mette
- Redon Josep
- Reganit Paul Ferdinand M.
- Regecova Valeria
- Revilla Luis
- Ribas-Barba Lourdes
- Ribeiro Robespierre
- Riboli Elio
- Rigo Fernando
- Riley Leanne M.
- Rinaldo Natascia
- Rito Ana
- Ritti-Dias Raphael M.
- Rivera Juan A.
- Robitaille Cynthia
- Rodrigues Daniela
- Rodriguez-Artalejo Fernando
- Rodriguez-Martinez Andrea
- Rodriguez-Villamizar Laura A.
- Rojas-Martinez Rosalba
- Rojroongwasinkul Nipa
- Romaguera Dora
- Rosario Angelika Schaffrath
- Rosengren Annika
- Rouse Ian
- Roy Joel G. R.
- Rubinstein Adolfo
- Ruhli Frank J.
- Ruidavets Jean-Bernard
- Ruiz Moreno Emma
- Russo Paola
- Rust Petra
- Rutkowski Marcin
- Sabanayagam Charumathi
- Sachdev Harshpal S.
- Safiri Saeid
- Saidi Olfa
- Salanave Benoit
- Salazar-Martinez Eduardo
- Salmeron Diego
- Salomaa Veikko
- Salonen Jukka T.
- Salvetti Massimo
- Sanchez-Abanto Jose
- Sandjaja Sandjaja
- Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt Blanca
- Sans Susana
- Sant'Angelo Victoria Farrugia
- Santa-Marina Loreto
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- Schmidt Ida Maria
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- Servais Jennifer
- Shalnova Svetlana A.
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- Shengelia Lela
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shimizu-Furusawa Hana
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- Shin Youchan
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- Siani Alfonso
- Siantar Rosalynn
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- Simons Judith
- Simons Leon A.
- Sjoberg Agneta
- Sjostrom Michael
- Slowikowska-Hilczer Jolanta
- Slusarczyk Przemyslaw
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- Snijder Marieke B.
- So Hung-Kwan
- Sobngwi Eugene
- Soderberg Stefan
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- Song Yi
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- Sorensen Thorkild I. A.
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- Soumare Aicha
- Spinelli Angela
- Spiroski Igor
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- Staub Kaspar
- Stavreski Bill
- Steene-Johannessen Jostein
- Stehle Peter
- Stein Aryeh D.
- Stergiou George S.
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- Stevens Gretchen A.
- Stocks Tanja
- Stoeckl Doris
- Stokwiszewski Jakub
- Stratton Gareth
- Stronks Karien
- Strufaldi Maria Wany
- Sturua Lela
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- Sundstrom Johan
- Sung Yn-Tz
- Sunyer Jordi
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- Taddei Cristina
- Tai Hing Lam Tai Hing Lam
- Tai E. Shyong
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- Tamosiunas Abdonas
- Tan Eng Joo
- Tang Xun
- Tanser Frank
- Tao Yong
- Tarawneh Mohammed Rasoul
- Tarp Jakob
- Tarqui-Mamani Carolina B.
- Taylor Anne
- Tchibindat Felicite
- Tebar William R.
- Tell Grethe
- Tello Tania
- Theobald Holger
- Theodoridis Xenophon
- Thijs Lutgarde
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- Ticha Lubica
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- Toselli Stefania
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- Trichopoulou Antonia
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- Velika Biruta
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- Verschuren W. M. Monique
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- Vineis Paolo
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- Visvikis-Siest Sophie
- Viswanathan Bharathi
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- Vrijheid Martine
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- Wade Alisha N.
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- Waldhoer Thomas
- Walton Janette
- Wanderley Rildo S., Jr.
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S. Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Weber Adelheid
- Weerasekera Deepa
- Weghuber Daniel
- Wei Wenbin
- Whincup Peter H.
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S.
- Wiecek Andrzej
- Wijga Alet H.
- Wilks Rainford J.
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Jyh Eiin
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A.
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C.
- Wu Jianfeng
- Wu Shouling
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K.
- Yngve Agneta
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O.
- Yusof Safiah Md
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A.
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilova Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zeng Yi
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zhussupov Baurzhan
- Zimmermann Esther
- Zuniga Cisneros Julio
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2019
- Field of study
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe
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