Writing in Britain and Ireland, c. 400 to c. 800

No abstract available

Medical treatment of prolactinomas.

Prolactinomas, the most prevalent type of neuroendocrine disease, account for approximately 40% of all pituitary adenomas. The most important clinical problems associated with prolactinomas are hypogonadism, infertility and hyposexuality. In patients with macroprolactinomas, mass effects, including visual field defects, headaches and neurological disturbances, can also occur. The objectives of therapy are normalization of prolactin levels, to restore eugonadism, and reduction of tumor mass, both of which can be achieved in the majority of patients by treatment with dopamine agonists. Given their association with minimal morbidity, these drugs currently represent the mainstay of treatment for prolactinomas. Novel data indicate that these agents can be successfully withdrawn in a subset of patients after normalization of prolactin levels and tumor disappearance, which suggests the possibility that medical therapy may not be required throughout life. Nevertheless, multimodal therapy that involves surgery, radiotherapy or both may be necessary in some cases, such as patients who are resistant to the effects of dopamine agonists or for those with atypical prolactinomas. This Review reports on efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in patients with prolactinomas

Prolactinomas: Aspectos neurocirúrgicos Prolactinomas: neurosurgical aspects

Relatamos nossa experiência com 38 casos de prolactinomas. Os adenomas foram divididos em três grupos. Os adenomas mono-hormonais tendem a ser microadenomas e manifestam-se com as alterações típicas deste tipo de tumor. Os bi- hormonais, em que a prolactina se associa principalmente ao GH ou sub unidade alfa tendem a apresentar sintomas visuais, assim como os pluri-hormonais. O tratamento dos prolactinomas é inicialmente clínico e a indicação cirúrgica está relacionada com intolerância a medicação ou a alterações visuais. O resultado cirúrgico com ressecção total do tumor foi possível em 50% dos casos.<br>We report our experience with 38 cases of prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas. The adenomas were divided in three different groups. The adenomas producing only prolactin tend to be microadenoma and they show the typical alterations of this type of tumor. The GH-PRL, GH-alpha subunit, the other combinations, and the pluri hormonal adenomas tend to present with visual symptoms. The treatment of the prolactinomas is initially clinical and the surgical indication for this type of adenomas is related to intolerance to the medication or to visual alterations. Surgical result with total resection of the tumor was possible in 50% of the cases