O Dever de Contratação de Trabalhadores com Deficiência e o Princípio da Igualdade

From the validity of the article 93 of the Law 8.213/1991, it became legally enforceable to obligate the hiring of workers with disabilities in companies with 100 (one hundred) or more employees. Statistically it is shown that despite technical efficacy, this norm still suffers from social inefficiency. This article examines the extent to which it is possible to extract from the principle of equality the recognition of the imposition of a legal duty to hire disabled workers by companies that are not legally obliged to comply with article 93 of the Law 8,133/1991. The research was developed in accordance with the deductive method.A partir da entrada em vigor do artigo 93 da Lei 8.213/1991 passou a ser juridicamente exigível a contratação de trabalhadores com deficiência nas empresas com 100 (cem) ou mais empregados. Estatisticamente demonstra-se que apesar da eficácia técnica tal norma, ainda hoje, padece de ineficácia social. O presente artigo analisa em que medida é possível extrair do princípio da igualdade o reconhecimento da imposição de um dever jurídico de contratação de trabalhadores com deficiência por parte das empresas que não estejam juridicamente obrigadas ao cumprimento do artigo 93 Lei 8.213/1991. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em conformidade com o método dedutivo.

Family interview for organ donation: necessary knowledge according to coordinators in organ transplants

Objective: this study aimed to understand the importance attached to family interview within steps of organ donation by the multidisciplinary team in transplantation; and identify which skills are required for the interview. Method: a qualitative approach, a hermeneutic study; approved by the Ethics Committee nº 321/11. Data were obtained with twenty-four subjects in the period January/May 2012 by semi-structured interview with eight open questions. Results: family interview is regarded as crucial for the process of donation; it also represents a means of education and emotional support. It is necessary to have technical knowledge, know and believe in the donation process, have personal and professional characteristics specific to accomplish it, as well as know how to deal with family members. Conclusion: interview is recognized as an extremely important moment in this process, representing a crucial point, in which not only the technical knowledge is relevant but also the emotional preparation of the interviewer

Fatores de risco cardiovascular modificáveis em estudantes de medicina de um centro universitário brasileiro/ Prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in medical students

As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) compreendem a principal causa de óbito no mundo, segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde. Indivíduos jovens que apresentam fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRC) podem desenvolver DCV na fase adulta. Neste contexto, os estudantes de medicina enfrentam um paradoxo envolvendo o conhecimento das patologias e a tentativa de manter um estilo de vida saudável com uma excessiva carga horária curricular. Diante dessa problemática, o estudo da prevalência dos fatores de risco nessa população é um alicerce para estratégias de prevenção. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de fatores de risco modificáveis para as DCV em adolescentes e adultos jovens em Anápolis, que cursam medicina. Constitui-se de um estudo transversal com 200 alunos do Centro Universitário de Anápolis. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir da aplicação do questionário “Estilo de Vida Fantástico”. Foram evidenciados que muitos FRC estão presentes, porém, com diferentes prevalências. Um maior índice de inadequações nos domínios sedentarismo e estresse contrapôs-se à menor prevalência nos domínios nutrição, uso de álcool e tabaco, o que corroborou com a maior parte dos estudantes classificados, de acordo com o questionário, em estilo de vida “bom”

Soil management in the Atlantic Forest’s rural properties:

The environmental benefits arising from the interaction between matter and energy flows of permacultural systems accelerate the recovery processes of degraded areas, which can be potentiated by the increase of plant biomass associated with the green manure technique, proposed in this work for the study territory: the surroundings of two Conservation Units (UC), of the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN) type, the RPPN Águas Claras I and II. The RPPN Águas Claras I and II are located in the Macabu River basin, a microbasin of the Carukango River. The objective of this study was to analyze areas submitted to reforestation and agroforestry system (SAF) projects, through estimates of local biomass obtained with the aid of secondary data from the UCs’ forest inventory. As a result, it was possible to list Ficus sp and Sparattosperma leucanthum as priority native species for forest restoration. It was concluded that it is necessary to consort the two species with the planting of species considered green manures, in order to increase forest biomass and stimulate the improvement of soil conditions in the degraded portion of the reserve. This strategy can accelerate the regeneration process, as indicated by secondary soil analysis data using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), performed in the area of implementation of the SAF

Integrative proteomics and pharmacogenomics analysis of methylphenidate treatment response

Transcriptomics and candidate gene/protein expression studies have indicated several biological processes modulated by methylphenidate (MPH), widely used in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment. However, the lack of a differential proteomic profiling of MPH treatment limits the understanding of the most relevant mechanisms by which MPH exerts its pharmacological effects at the molecular level. Therefore, our aim is to investigate the MPHinduced proteomic alterations using an experimental design integrated with a pharmacogenomic analysis in a translational perspective. Proteomic analysis was performed using the cortices of Wistar-Kyoto rats, which were treated by gavage with MPH (2 mg/kg) or saline for two weeks (n = 6/group). After functional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed proteins (DEP) in rats, the significant biological pathways were tested for association with MPH response in adults with ADHD (n = 189) using genome-wide data. Following MPH treatment in rats, 98 DEPs were found (P 1.0). The functional enrichment analysis of the DEPs revealed 18 significant biological pathways (gene-sets) modulated by MPH, including some with recognized biological plausibility, such as those related to synaptic transmission. The pharmacogenomic analysis in the clinical sample evaluating these pathways revealed nominal associations for gene-sets related to neurotransmitter release and GABA transmission. Our results, which integrate proteomics and pharmacogenomics, revealed putative molecular effects of MPH on several biological processes, including oxidative stress, cellular respiration, and metabolism, and extended the results involving synaptic transmission pathways to a clinical sample. These findings shed light on the molecular signatures of MPH effects and possible biological sources of treatment response variability

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity are associated with genetic variants affecting gene expression in a variety of tissues

Variability in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity between individuals is partly due to genetic factors. Here, we identify 4 genomic loci with suggestive associations for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and 19 for COVID-19 disease severity. Four of these 23 loci likely have an ethnicity-specific component. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in 11 loci colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with the expression of 20 genes in 62 tissues/cell types (range: 1:43 tissues/gene), including lung, brain, heart, muscle, and skin as well as the digestive system and immune system. We perform genetic fine mapping to compute 99% credible SNP sets, which identify 10 GWAS loci that have eight or fewer SNPs in the credible set, including three loci with one single likely causal SNP. Our study suggests that the diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 observed between individuals is associated with variants across the genome, affecting gene expression levels in a wide variety of tissue types