Emisja i rozprzestrzenianie sie mikroorganizmow wokol skladowisk odpadow komunalnych

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących występowania i rozprzestrzeniania się mikroorganizmów wokół składowisk odpadów komunalnych. W wyniku ponad dziesięcioletnich badań mikrobiologicznych wykazano, że obiekty komunalne są źródłem bioaerozolu, z którego wyizolowano ponad 50 saprofitycznych i chorobotwórczych bakterii i promieniowców oraz 58 gatunków grzybów głównie z klasy Deuteromycetes. Dominującymi rodzajami bakterii były Bacillus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus i Streptomyces. Natomiast wśród wyizolowanych grzybów dominowały rodzaje: Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium i Verticillium. Jako niebezpieczne okazało się występowanie w badanym powietrzu groźnych grzybów toksynotwórczych należących do gatunków: Aspergillus jlavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Fusarium nivale, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium rubrum, Penicillium rugulosum i Scopulariopsis charta rum. Niektóre z wyizolowanych gatunków drobnoustrojów okazały się typowe dla odpadów, stąd można na podstawie składu mikrobioceno- tycznego powietrza atmosferycznego ocenić zasięg oddziaływania i rozprzestrzenianie się mikroorganizmów ze składowisk na okoliczne tereny.Ten year investigations of various municipal waste dumps showed that both, the old and new dumps are an abundant source of microorganisms. Over 50 species of saprophytic and pathogenic bacteria and actinomycetes and 58 species of moulds mainly from the class of Deuteromycetes, were isolated. In the air samples dominating were bacteria from the genera: Bacillus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Streptomyces. Among isolated moulds the following genera of fungi: Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladospo- rium, Fusarium, Penicillium and Verticillium were dominant. The toxin-producing fungi from the species of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Fusarium nivale, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium rubrum, Penicillium rugulosum and Scopulariop- sis chartarum were found. Some species of microorganisms appeared to be specific to waste dump environment, so their expansion around the dumps and maximum range of occurrence and dispersal could be measured

Hydrogen Production via the Oxy-Steam Reforming of LNG or Methane on Ni Catalysts

Ni catalysts supported on ZrO2, 5%CeO2-ZrO2, and 5%La2O3-ZrO2 were prepared via the impregnation method and tested in the oxy-steam reforming of methane and liquified natural gas (LNG). All tested catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity in the studied process at 700 and 900 °C. The improvement of the stability of Ni catalysts after the addition of CeO2 oxide in the studied oxy-steam reforming of LNG process was confirmed. In addition, high activity and selectivity towards hydrogen was proven in the oxy-steam reforming process at 900 °C over a 20%Ni/5%CeO2-ZrO2 catalyst. It was also proved that the addition of CeO2 onto a ZrO2 carrier leads to a decrease in the NiO and metallic Ni crystallite sizes that were detected by the X-Ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The solid solution formation between NiO and ZrO2 and/or NiO and CeO2 was proved. Superior reactivity in the oxy-steam reforming of CH4 and the LNG process exhibited a 20%Ni/ZrO2 catalyst, which showed the highest methane conversions at 500 and 600 °C, equal to 63% and 89%, respectively. In addition, also in the case of the LNG reforming reaction, the most active catalyst was the 20%Ni/ZrO2 system, which demonstrated 46.3% and 76.9% of the methane conversion value at 500 and 600 °C and the total conversion of others hydrocarbons (ethane, propane and butane). In addition, this catalytic system exhibited the highest selectivity towards hydrogen formation in the oxy-steam reforming of the LNG reaction equal to 71.2% and 71.3% at 500 and 600 °C, respectively. The highest activity of this system can be explained by the uniform distributions of Ni species and their highest concentration compared to the rest of the monometallic Ni catalysts. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) results also confirmed a strong interaction of NiO with ZrO2 in the case of the 20%Ni/ZrO2 catalysts. The presence of selected NiZrO+ ions emitted from the investigated surface of the 20%Ni/ZrO2 system was detected

Mass spectra and fusion cross sections for /sup 20/Ne+/sup 24 /Mg interaction at 55 and 85 MeV

Inclusive gamma spectra from the /sup 20/Ne+/sup 24/Mg interaction have been measured using 55- and 85-MeV /sup 20/Ne ions. The identification of gamma lines allows the determination of mass spectra in the region 12<or=/b A/<or=43. Experimental results are compared with statistical model calculations. The total reaction and fusion cross sections are extracted. Cross sections for inelastic scattering, few nucleon transfers, and deep inelastic scattering are estimated.Anglai