Dicarboxylic acid anhydride condensation with compounds containing active methylene groups. 4: Some 4-nitrophthalic anhydride condensation reactions

By 4-nitrophthalic anhydride condensation with acetoacetate in acetic anhydride and triethylamine solution with subsequent breakdown of the intermediate condensation product, 5-nitroindanedione-1,3 was obtained. A 4-nitrophthalic anhydride with acetic anhydride, according to reaction conditions, may yield two products: in the presence of potassium acetate and at high temperatures 4-(or 5-)-nitro-2-acetylbenzoic acid is formed: in the presence of triethylamine and at room temperature 5-( or 6-)-nitrophthalic acetic acid is isolated. A 4-nitrophthalic anhydride and malonic acid in pyridine solution according to temperature yield either 5-( or 6-)-nitrophthalic acetic acid or 4-(or 5-)-nitro-2-acetylbenzoic acid

Condensation of anhydrides or dicarboxylic acids with compounds containing active methylene groups. Part 19: Condensation of phthalic and substituted phthalic anhydrides with benzoylacetic ester

Phthalylbenzoylacetic ester and its nitro and halogen derivatives were prepared through condensation of phthalic anhydride, nitrophthalic anhydride, and phthalic halide anhydride with benzoylacetic ester in a solution of acetic anhydride and triethylamine. The condensation of hemipinic acid anhydride proceeds similarly, but under more drastic conditions. Derivatives of indan-1,3-dione are also formed, with a small yield, in the reaction of nitrophthalic anhydrides with benzoylacetic ester in the presence of increased quantities of triethylamine

Over-the-Counter Market Quotations

Chapter VII of the Report of Special Study of Securities Markets of the Securities and Exchange Commission focused attention upon the little understood and often perplexing problems presented by the quotations for over-the-counter stocks which appear regularly in the newspapers-the so-called retail quotations system. The Report was quite critical of the existing retail quotations system, concluding that it was inconsistent with the general philosophy of full disclosure elsewhere applied in the administration of the federal securities laws and, in fact, operated to conceal what elsewhere in the securities business is considered essential to be disclosed. While there does not appear to be unanimity in the securities industry with respect to the efficacy of the system, it is vigorously defended by its supporters as important, if not essential, to the business survival of smaller over-the-counter dealers and to the liquidity of the markets in many securities. It seems clear, therefore, that the problem warrants the attention which it will undoubtedly receive, both from the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) and from the Securities and Exchange Commission

O pejorativo "lepra" e a grande vítima de grave erro médico-social-histórico: a indefesa América Latina

Contrariamente ao que supõe a maioria, a hanseníase ("lepra")não é "moléstia bíblica". Nenhum de seus sinais característicos figurano Velho Testamento. O "tsara'ath" dos livros sagrados hebreus significavadegradação moral (e/ou sagrada-ritual), motivada por sérieconfusa e variada de alterações da pele e couro cabeludo que poderiamcorresponder hoje, mais propriamente, às parasitoses, piodermites,psoríase, vitíligo e pênfigos (3, 5, 9, 21)

O pejorativo "lepra" e a grande vítima de grave erro médico-social-histórico: a indefesa América Latina

Contrariamente ao que supõe a maioria, a hanseníase ("lepra") não é "moléstia bíblica". Nenhum de seus sinais característicos figura no Velho Testamento. O "tsara'ath" dos livros sagrados hebreus significava degradação moral (e/ou sagrada-ritual), motivada por série confusa e variada de alterações da pele e couro cabeludo que poderiam corresponder hoje, mais propriamente, às parasitoses, piodermites, psoríase, vitíligo e pênfigos (3, 5, 9, 21)

TriCCo v1.1.0 – a cubulation-based method for computing connected components on triangular grids

We present a new method to identify connected components on triangular grids used in atmosphere and climate models to discretize the horizontal dimension. In contrast to structured latitude–longitude grids, triangular grids are unstructured and the neighbors of a grid cell do not simply follow from the grid cell index. This complicates the identification of connected components compared to structured grids. Here, we show that this complication can be addressed by involving the mathematical tool of cubulation, which allows one to map the 2-D cells of the triangular grid onto the vertices of the 3-D cells of a cubical grid. Because the latter is structured, connected components can be readily identified by previously developed software packages for cubical grids. Computing the cubulation can be expensive, but, importantly, needs to be done only once for a given grid. We implement our method in a Python package that we name TriCCo and make available via pypi, gitlab, and zenodo. We document the package and demonstrate its application using simulation output from the ICON atmosphere model. Finally, we characterize its computational performance and compare it to graph-based identifications of connected components using breadth-first search. The latter shows that TriCCo is ready for triangular grids with up to 500 000 cells, but that its speed and memory requirement should be improved for its application to larger grids

Remote Monitoring and Control of Irradiation Experiments

As computer technology plays an increasing important role in particle accelerator facilities, instrumentation systems can be expected to include web connections and other remote capability features. The Michigan Ion Beam Laboratory at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor has developed remote monitor and control capability by using a combination of commercial software packages and in‐house software development. Irradiation parameters such as ion current on the samples and apertures, sample temperature read from an optical pyrometer, and chamber pressure can all be accessed and monitored remotely through a web site, as can ion source parameters such as power supply currents and voltages or feed gas pressure. With administrator permission, the control parameters of the ion source or the readouts from the irradiation stage can be modified in real time during an experiment. A description will be given of the various ways in which this type of remote monitoring and control has been accomplished at the Michigan Ion Beam Laboratory. © 2003 American Institute of PhysicsPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87309/2/1046_1.pd

A high intensity radiation effects facility

The facility of the Michigan Ion Beam Laboratory at the University of Michigan has been upgraded to conduct high intensity radiation effects studies on materials. This upgrade is necessary to pursue higher radiation damage levels than the studies previously conducted. To achieve this capability a new volume ion source was installed which can produce several times more H−H− current than the previous duoplasmatron. We will describe the objectives of the research and the facility as well as applications to a variety of radiation damage problems. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87674/2/687_1.pd